A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials ...A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.展开更多
Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles...Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles,including intracellular trafficking,subcellular accumulation,and drug release.Herein,we report a multifunctional nanoparticle(CMSNR)by wrapping the mesoporous silica nanorod with cell membrane derived from CRC cells for improved chemotherapy.Compared with their naked counterparts,the cell membrane endowed CMSNR with homotypic targeting and improved cellular uptake capacities.Due to the rod-like shape,CMSNR achieved superior colorectal mucus permeability,enhanced tumor accumulation,and boosted cellular uptake than their spherical counterparts.Moreover,the internalized CMSNR underwent robust intracellular trafficking and gained augmented motility toward the nucleus,leading to efficient perinuclear accumulation and a subsequent 5.6-fold higher nuclear accumulation of loaded drug than that of nanospheres.In the orthotopic colorectal tumor-bearing nude mice,rectally administrated mefuparib hydrochloride(MPH)-loaded CMSNR traversed the colorectal mucus,penetrated the tumor tissue,and successfully aggregated in the perinuclear region of cancer cells,thus exhibiting significantly improved antitumor outcomes.Our findings highlight the shape-based design of cell membranecoated nanoparticles that can address sequential drug delivery barriers has a promising future in cancer nanomedicine.展开更多
Though membrane distillation(MD)has gained more and more attention in the field of desalination,the wetting phenomenon was still a non-negligible problem.In this work,a method combined dip-coating and UV in situ polym...Though membrane distillation(MD)has gained more and more attention in the field of desalination,the wetting phenomenon was still a non-negligible problem.In this work,a method combined dip-coating and UV in situ polymerization for preparing hydrophobic/hydrophilic perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membranes.This composite membrane consisted of a top thin hydrophobic coating layer and hydrophilic substrate membrane.In terms of anti-wetting properties,contact angle and liquid entry pressure of all composite membranes(except for those based on 0.45μm)exceeded 160°and 0.3 MPa,respectively.In particular,the desalination performance was tested in vacuum membrane distillation tests by feeding 3.5%(mass)saline solution(NaCl)at 60℃.The composite membranes with larger support pore size and lower PFPE content had higher membrane distillation flux.And for stability tests(testing the 0.22μm membrane coated by 5%(mass)PFPE),the highest MD flux29.08 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) and stable salt rejection(over 99.99%)during the period.Except that,the effects of coating material concentration and pore sizes of substrate membrane were also investigated for surface morphology and topography,porosity,mechanical strength and pore size characteristics.This work provided a simple and effective alternative to prepare excellent hydrophobic composite membranes for MD applications.展开更多
Fluorite Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ（SDC） nanopowder with a crystallite size of 15 nm was synthesized by a co-precipitation method. An SDC porous layer was coated onto a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ（BCFN） mixed conductor to improve...Fluorite Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ（SDC） nanopowder with a crystallite size of 15 nm was synthesized by a co-precipitation method. An SDC porous layer was coated onto a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ（BCFN） mixed conductor to improve its oxygen transport behavior. The results show that the SDC-coated BCFN membrane exhibits a remarkably higher oxygen permeation flux（JO2） than the uncoated BCFN in the partial oxidation of coke oven gas（COG）. The maximum JO2 value of the SDC-coated BCFN is 18.28 mL ·min^-1·cm^-2 under a COG/air flux of 177 mL ·min^-1/353 mL ·min^-1 at 875℃ when the thickness of the BCFN membrane is 1 mm; this JO2 value is 23% higher than that of the uncoated BCFN membrane. This enhancement is likely because of the higher oxygen ionic conductivity of SDC, which supplies oxygen vacancies and accelerates oxygen exchange on the membrane/coating layer/gas three-phase boundary.展开更多
To reduce the thermal shrinkage of the polymeric separators and improve the safety of the Li-ion batteries,plasma treatment and plasma enhanced vapor chemical deposition（PECVD）of SiO_x-like are carried out on polypr...To reduce the thermal shrinkage of the polymeric separators and improve the safety of the Li-ion batteries,plasma treatment and plasma enhanced vapor chemical deposition（PECVD）of SiO_x-like are carried out on polypropylene（PP）separators,respectively.Critical parameters for separator properties,such as the thermal shrinkage rate,porosity,wettability,and mechanical strength,are evaluated on the plasma treated PP membranes.O_2 plasma treatment is found to remarkably improve the wettability,porosity and electrolyte uptake.PECVD SiO_x-like coatings are found to be able to effectively reduce the thermal shrinkage rate of the membranes and increase the ionic conductivity.The electrolyte-philicity of the Si Ox-like coating surface can be tuned by the varying O_2 content in the gas mixture during the deposition.Though still acceptable,the mechanical strength is reduced after PECVD,which is due to the plasma etching.展开更多
The goal of this study was to develop and design a composite proton exchange membrane（PEM） and membrane electrode assembly（MEA） that are suitable for the PEM based water electrolysis system. In particular,it focus...The goal of this study was to develop and design a composite proton exchange membrane（PEM） and membrane electrode assembly（MEA） that are suitable for the PEM based water electrolysis system. In particular,it focuses on the development of sulphonated polyether ether ketone（SPEEK） based membranes and caesium salt of silico-tungstic acid（Cs Si WA） matrix compared with one of the transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide（TiO2）, silicon dioxide（SiO2） and zirconium dioxide（ZrO2）. The resultant membranes have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion exchange capacity（IEC）, water uptake and atomic force microscopy. Comparative studies on the performance of MEAs were also conducted utilizing impregnation-reduction and conventional brush coating methods. The PEM electrolysis performance of SPEEK-Cs Si WA-ZrO2 composite membrane was more superior than that of other membranes involved in this study. Electrochemical characterization shows that a maximum current density of 1.4 A/cm^2 was achieved at 60 °C, explained by an increased concentration of protonic sites available at the interface.展开更多
Cationic polymers such as polyethylenimine have been considered promising carriers for mRNA vaccines.However,their application is hindered by their inherent toxicity and a lack of targeted delivery capability.These is...Cationic polymers such as polyethylenimine have been considered promising carriers for mRNA vaccines.However,their application is hindered by their inherent toxicity and a lack of targeted delivery capability.These issues need to be addressed to develop effective cancer vaccines.In this study,we investigated whether dendritic cell membrane-coated polyethylenimine/mRNA nanoparticles(DPN)could effectively deliver mRNA to dendritic cells and induce immune responses.For comparison,we employed red blood cell membrane-coated polyethylenimine/mRNA(RPN)and plain polyethylenimine/mRNA polyplex(PN).The dendritic cell membrane coating altered the zeta potential values and surface protein patterns of PN.DPN demonstrated significantly higher uptake in dendritic cells compared to PN and RPN,and it also showed greater mRNA expression within these cells.DPN,carrying mRNA encoding luciferase,enhanced green fluorescent protein,or ovalbumin(OVA),exhibited higher protein expression in dendritic cells than the other groups.Additionally,DPN exhibited favorable mRNA escape from lysosomes post-internalization into dendritic cells.Inmice,subcutaneous administration of DPN containing ovalbumin mRNA(DPN_(OVA))elicited higher titers of anti-OVA IgG antibodies and a greater population of OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cells than the other groups.In a B16F10-OVA tumor model,DPNOVA treatment resulted in the lowest tumor growth among the treated groups.Moreover,the population of OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cellswas the highest in the DPNOVA-treated group.While we demonstrated DPN’s feasibility as an mRNA delivery system in a tumor model,the potential of DPN can be broadly extended for immunotherapeutic treatments of various diseases through mRNA delivery to antigen-presenting cells.展开更多
Macrophages are critical phagocytes in the immune system,and tumor-infiltrating macrophages can substantially influence the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.Therefore,macrophagesmay serve as therapeutic targets...Macrophages are critical phagocytes in the immune system,and tumor-infiltrating macrophages can substantially influence the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.Therefore,macrophagesmay serve as therapeutic targets for modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Macrophage-based drug delivery systems have been extensively evaluated owing to their excellent biocompatibility,long half-life,and inherent ability to migrate and accumulate at sites of inflammation,such as tumors.Live macrophages and their membrane coatings contain abundant receptor proteins that facilitate payload transport across physiological barriers.In this review,we discuss strategies that utilize macrophages as targets and delivery carriers for cancer immunotherapy.Here,we summarize the different macrophage phenotypes,tumor-associated macrophage-targeting strategies,and biomimetic delivery carriers derived from macrophages used in immunotherapy.Overall,macrophage-centered strategies for cancer therapy hold considerable promise for clinical applications.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a refractory autoimmune disease with limited treatment options.Plantderived exosomes-like nanovesicles(PDENs)have emerged as a novel nanomedical approach,with the inherent bioactive compound...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a refractory autoimmune disease with limited treatment options.Plantderived exosomes-like nanovesicles(PDENs)have emerged as a novel nanomedical approach,with the inherent bioactive compounds from their source plants.The roots of Morinda officinalis How.(MO),a Chinese herb,exhibit notable anti-inflammatory activities and hold promising therapeutic value.We engineered a joint-targe ting delivery system(termed MOE@EM)by masking MO-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles(MOE)with erythrocyte membrane(EM).This biomimetic strategy,using EM camouflage,is intended to improve the in vivo fate of MOE.We investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities,immunogenicity,drug accumulation in the joint,and therapeutic efficacy to ascertain its suitability for RA therapy.UV irradiation significantly increased the activities of catalase and peroxidase of MOE,and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Furthermore,MOE@EM markedly attenuated dendritic cell activation.MOE@EM exhibited joint-specific delivery,with substantial reduction in paw swelling,and favorable modulation of immune microenvironment.展开更多
The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR...The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.展开更多
Cell membrane coating(CMC)of nanoparticles(NPs)has emerged as a prominent strategy that has gained significant attention and achieved notable progress across various therapeutic sectors.Coating NPs with natural cell m...Cell membrane coating(CMC)of nanoparticles(NPs)has emerged as a prominent strategy that has gained significant attention and achieved notable progress across various therapeutic sectors.Coating NPs with natural cell membranes endows them with various functions and addresses various challenges in drug delivery,such as prolonging circulation time,reducing immunogenicity,and improving targeting efficiency and cellular communication.Among the different NPs,lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have revolutionized the field of nanomedicine by providing various advantageous features for drug delivery.The versatile characteristics of LNPs synergize well with cell membranes’biomimetic properties,creating hybrid structures with enhanced functionalities for diverse biomedical applications.A more advanced form of LNPs with significantly enhanced capabilities can be achieved through CMC.However,significant opportunities remain for further advancements,with ongoing efforts focused on discovering innovative applications and fully harnessing the potential of this promising combination.This article provides a critical review of recent progress in cell membrane coated-LNPs(CMC-LNPs).First,different LNP types,their preparation methods,and coating strategies are summarized.The development,properties,functions,and applications of CMC-LNPs are then discussed.Last,their advantages,limitations,challenges,and future perspectives are presented.展开更多
Dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases can substantially impact the quality of human life,thereby posing a serious public health concern.Although conventional therapies such as surgery have solved these problems largel...Dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases can substantially impact the quality of human life,thereby posing a serious public health concern.Although conventional therapies such as surgery have solved these problems largely,the prognosis of patients is not always satisfactory.Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles(CMCNPs)carry nanodrugs with the help of natural cell membranes,therefore utilizing their remarkable ability to interface and interact with their surrounding environment.These nanoparticles have demonstrated substantial advantages in drug targeting,prolonging blood circulation time,penetrating biofilms,and immune escape.With the assistance of CMCNPs,the therapeutic effects of dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases can reach a higher level.CMCNPs have been applied for dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases for various conditions such as head and neck cancer,periodontal disease,and oral biosignal detection.For the therapies of head and neck cancer,CMCNPs have been widely utilized as a tool of chemotherapy,phototherapy,and immunotherapy,while yet to be exploited in imaging technique.In the end,we summarized the challenges and prospectives of CMCNPs for dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases:large-scale production with uniform standards and high quantity,extensive application directions in dental,oral,and craniofacial regions(implant,endodontics),and the promotion of its clinical application.展开更多
Effective control of inflammatory cytokines is crucial for controlling ankylosing spondylitis(AS).However,due to the complexity of cytokine networks,current therapies targeting individual cytokines often fall short of...Effective control of inflammatory cytokines is crucial for controlling ankylosing spondylitis(AS).However,due to the complexity of cytokine networks,current therapies targeting individual cytokines often fall short of achieving satisfactory outcomes.Here,we developed mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-like nanodecoys(denoted“MSC-NDs”)and evaluated their potential as a versatile anti-inflammatory therapeutic for AS.To improve membrane yield,microvesicles derived from MSCs via cytochalasin B(CB)stimulation were employed as substitutes for traditional membrane extractions.Proteomic analysis confirmed that CBinduced microvesicles retained a membrane protein profile comparable to that of conventionally isolated MSC membranes,while offering over twice the production efficiency.The resulting MSC-NDs effectively neutralized multiple proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed cytokine-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro.In a mouse model of AS,MSC-NDs significantly reduced systemic cytokine levels and effectively delayed pathological new bone formation.RNA sequencing of lumbar spine tissue further revealed widespread downregulation of genes involved in bone metabolism and inflammation.These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of MSC-like nanodecoys as a versatile anti-inflammatory platform for the treatment of AS and potentially other inflammatory disorders.展开更多
The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited...The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.展开更多
Cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of drug leads discovery attribute to their unique biointerface targeting function.However,random orientation of cell membrane coating does not...Cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of drug leads discovery attribute to their unique biointerface targeting function.However,random orientation of cell membrane coating does not guarantee effective and appropriate binding of drugs to specific sites,especially when applied to intracellular regions of transmembrane proteins.Bioorthogonal reactions have been rapidly developed as a specific and reliable method for cell membrane functionalization without disturbing living biosystem.Herein,inside-out cell membrane camouflaged magnetic nanoparticles(IOCMMNPs)were accurately constructed via bioorthogonal reactions to screen small molecule inhibitors targeting intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor recptor-2.Azide functionalized cell membrane acted as a platform for specific covalently coupling with alkynyl functionalized magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles to prepare IOCMMNPs.The inside-out orientation of cell membrane was successfully verified by immunogold staining and sialic acid quantification assay.Ultimately,two compounds,senkyunolide A and ligustilidel,were successfully captured,and their potential antiproliferative activities were further testified by pharmacological experiments.It is anticipated that the proposed inside-out cell membrane coating strategy endows tremendous versatility for engineering cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles and promotes the development of drug leads discovery platforms.展开更多
The cell membranes,derived from natural sources,possesses unique physicochemical properties of phospholipid bilayers and biological functionalities of membrane proteins.This makes it an ideal biomimetic coating to enh...The cell membranes,derived from natural sources,possesses unique physicochemical properties of phospholipid bilayers and biological functionalities of membrane proteins.This makes it an ideal biomimetic coating to enhance the in vivo circulation and retention time of micro/nanodrug carriers,provide targeted drug delivery effects,and neutralize bacterial toxins.Notably,recent studies have successfully coated various types of cell membranes onto the surfaces of macroscopic materials,such as electrospun fiber scaffolds and decellularized matrices,to promote tissue repair,modulate host responses to foreign materials,and alleviate inflammation.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in the modification of macroscopic biomaterials with cell membranes.The insights provided aim to serve as a valuable reference for the preparation of cell membrane biomimetic coatings and their applications in the field of tissue repair.展开更多
Biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase(AChE)are crucial for early diagnosis,less invasive treatment,and drug evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,existing technologies often suffer from enzyme conformation...Biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase(AChE)are crucial for early diagnosis,less invasive treatment,and drug evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,existing technologies often suffer from enzyme conformational changes,leading to altered activity and loss and reduced sensor efficacy.To address this challenge,we developed a novel right-side-out-oriented red blood cell membrane-coated electrochemical biosensors(ROCMCBs)to evaluate AChE inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)as potential anti-AD agents.The developed right-side-out-oriented coating based on immunoaf-finity not only fully exposed the binding sites of AChE on the cell membrane but also ensured its confor-mation and stability as a peripheral membrane-anchoring protein,which was conducive to maintaining its biological activity and producing optimal interaction with drugs.At the same time,the biosensors exhib-ited a satisfactory sensitivity(limit of detection�0.41 pmol/L).Ultimately,six potentially active com-pounds against AD(baicalin,geniposide,gastrodin,berberine,rhynchophylline,and senkyunolide A)were rapidly identified and evaluated from TCMs.This project provides a promising strategy for devel-oping cell membrane-coated electrochemical biosensors.The application of cell membrane-coated elec-trochemical biosensors with well-defined cell membrane orientation further expands new perspectives and methods for AChE-targeted anti-AD research.展开更多
Myocardial infarction(MI),commonly known as a heart attack,remains a leading cause of death worldwide.Standard treatments,such as coronary stent placement or coronary artery bypass graft surgery,aim to restore blood f...Myocardial infarction(MI),commonly known as a heart attack,remains a leading cause of death worldwide.Standard treatments,such as coronary stent placement or coronary artery bypass graft surgery,aim to restore blood flow to ischemic myocardial tissue.However,a significant complication of these procedures is ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which occurs when blood flow is restored,triggering oxidative stress,inflammation,and calcium overload that can further damage the heart.To limit the I/R injury following the coronary recanalization of an MI heart,we designed stromal-platelet membrane-inspired nanoparticles(SPINs)that consist of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)core,decorated by a dual membrane coating:a platelet membrane for precise adhesion to the damaged endothelium area and a stromal cell membrane to enhance receptor-ligand interactions and immune-evasiveness.This unique dual-membrane configuration synergistically reduces fibrosis and inflammation while promoting angiomyogenesis.This combination integrates the vascular injury targeting and immune-evasive properties of the nanoparticle,making this dual-membrane design a promising add-on intervention to augment post-percutaneous coronary intervention recovery,enhancing outcomes and offering potential improved cardiac repair.展开更多
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)is a highly fatal condition with the positive feedback loop between continued immune cell activation and cytokine storm as the core mechanism to mediate multiple organ dysfunctio...Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)is a highly fatal condition with the positive feedback loop between continued immune cell activation and cytokine storm as the core mechanism to mediate multiple organ dysfunction.Inspired by macrophage membranes harbor the receptors with special high affinity for proin-flammation cytokines,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles(LMNP)were developed to show strong sponge ability to both IFN-γand IL-6 and suppressed overactivation of macrophages by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo.Besides,LMNP also efficiently alleviated HLH-related symptoms including cytopenia,hepatosplenomegaly and hepatorenal dysfunction and save the life of mouse models.Furthermore,its sponge effect also worked well for five human HLH samples in vitro.Altogether,it’s firstly demonstrated that biocompatible LMNP could dampen HLH with high potential for clinical transformation,which also provided alternative insights for the treatment of other cytokine storm-mediated pathologic conditions such as COVID-19 infection and cytokine releasing syndrome during CAR-T therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BD/148771/2019,2021.05914.BD, PTDC/BTM-MAT/4738/2020)the European Research CouncilDERC Starting Grant (848325).
文摘A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073773,82104078)the Major International Joint Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.153631KYSB20190020)。
文摘Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles,including intracellular trafficking,subcellular accumulation,and drug release.Herein,we report a multifunctional nanoparticle(CMSNR)by wrapping the mesoporous silica nanorod with cell membrane derived from CRC cells for improved chemotherapy.Compared with their naked counterparts,the cell membrane endowed CMSNR with homotypic targeting and improved cellular uptake capacities.Due to the rod-like shape,CMSNR achieved superior colorectal mucus permeability,enhanced tumor accumulation,and boosted cellular uptake than their spherical counterparts.Moreover,the internalized CMSNR underwent robust intracellular trafficking and gained augmented motility toward the nucleus,leading to efficient perinuclear accumulation and a subsequent 5.6-fold higher nuclear accumulation of loaded drug than that of nanospheres.In the orthotopic colorectal tumor-bearing nude mice,rectally administrated mefuparib hydrochloride(MPH)-loaded CMSNR traversed the colorectal mucus,penetrated the tumor tissue,and successfully aggregated in the perinuclear region of cancer cells,thus exhibiting significantly improved antitumor outcomes.Our findings highlight the shape-based design of cell membranecoated nanoparticles that can address sequential drug delivery barriers has a promising future in cancer nanomedicine.
基金financial support of the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0403702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51861135203)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(JNHB-036)the Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory Program(KL19-04)Deputyship for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number(632)。
文摘Though membrane distillation(MD)has gained more and more attention in the field of desalination,the wetting phenomenon was still a non-negligible problem.In this work,a method combined dip-coating and UV in situ polymerization for preparing hydrophobic/hydrophilic perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membranes.This composite membrane consisted of a top thin hydrophobic coating layer and hydrophilic substrate membrane.In terms of anti-wetting properties,contact angle and liquid entry pressure of all composite membranes(except for those based on 0.45μm)exceeded 160°and 0.3 MPa,respectively.In particular,the desalination performance was tested in vacuum membrane distillation tests by feeding 3.5%(mass)saline solution(NaCl)at 60℃.The composite membranes with larger support pore size and lower PFPE content had higher membrane distillation flux.And for stability tests(testing the 0.22μm membrane coated by 5%(mass)PFPE),the highest MD flux29.08 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) and stable salt rejection(over 99.99%)during the period.Except that,the effects of coating material concentration and pore sizes of substrate membrane were also investigated for surface morphology and topography,porosity,mechanical strength and pore size characteristics.This work provided a simple and effective alternative to prepare excellent hydrophobic composite membranes for MD applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51472156, 51072112, and 51311130110)the Innovation Foundation of Shanghai University (No. sdcx2012033)the Training Funding Project for Young College Teachers of Shanghai
文摘Fluorite Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ（SDC） nanopowder with a crystallite size of 15 nm was synthesized by a co-precipitation method. An SDC porous layer was coated onto a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ（BCFN） mixed conductor to improve its oxygen transport behavior. The results show that the SDC-coated BCFN membrane exhibits a remarkably higher oxygen permeation flux（JO2） than the uncoated BCFN in the partial oxidation of coke oven gas（COG）. The maximum JO2 value of the SDC-coated BCFN is 18.28 mL ·min^-1·cm^-2 under a COG/air flux of 177 mL ·min^-1/353 mL ·min^-1 at 875℃ when the thickness of the BCFN membrane is 1 mm; this JO2 value is 23% higher than that of the uncoated BCFN membrane. This enhancement is likely because of the higher oxygen ionic conductivity of SDC, which supplies oxygen vacancies and accelerates oxygen exchange on the membrane/coating layer/gas three-phase boundary.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175024,11375031)the Beijing Institute of Graphic and Communication Key Project of China(No.23190113051)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee of China(No.JCYJ20130329181509637)BJNSFC(No.KZ201510015014)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment of China(No.EIPE15208)
文摘To reduce the thermal shrinkage of the polymeric separators and improve the safety of the Li-ion batteries,plasma treatment and plasma enhanced vapor chemical deposition（PECVD）of SiO_x-like are carried out on polypropylene（PP）separators,respectively.Critical parameters for separator properties,such as the thermal shrinkage rate,porosity,wettability,and mechanical strength,are evaluated on the plasma treated PP membranes.O_2 plasma treatment is found to remarkably improve the wettability,porosity and electrolyte uptake.PECVD SiO_x-like coatings are found to be able to effectively reduce the thermal shrinkage rate of the membranes and increase the ionic conductivity.The electrolyte-philicity of the Si Ox-like coating surface can be tuned by the varying O_2 content in the gas mixture during the deposition.Though still acceptable,the mechanical strength is reduced after PECVD,which is due to the plasma etching.
文摘The goal of this study was to develop and design a composite proton exchange membrane（PEM） and membrane electrode assembly（MEA） that are suitable for the PEM based water electrolysis system. In particular,it focuses on the development of sulphonated polyether ether ketone（SPEEK） based membranes and caesium salt of silico-tungstic acid（Cs Si WA） matrix compared with one of the transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide（TiO2）, silicon dioxide（SiO2） and zirconium dioxide（ZrO2）. The resultant membranes have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion exchange capacity（IEC）, water uptake and atomic force microscopy. Comparative studies on the performance of MEAs were also conducted utilizing impregnation-reduction and conventional brush coating methods. The PEM electrolysis performance of SPEEK-Cs Si WA-ZrO2 composite membrane was more superior than that of other membranes involved in this study. Electrochemical characterization shows that a maximum current density of 1.4 A/cm^2 was achieved at 60 °C, explained by an increased concentration of protonic sites available at the interface.
基金funded by grants from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea,Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea (NRF-2021R1A2B5B03002123NRF-2018R1A5A2024425+1 种基金NRF-2022M3E5F1017919)the Alchemist Project of the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT 20018560,NTIS 1415184668)
文摘Cationic polymers such as polyethylenimine have been considered promising carriers for mRNA vaccines.However,their application is hindered by their inherent toxicity and a lack of targeted delivery capability.These issues need to be addressed to develop effective cancer vaccines.In this study,we investigated whether dendritic cell membrane-coated polyethylenimine/mRNA nanoparticles(DPN)could effectively deliver mRNA to dendritic cells and induce immune responses.For comparison,we employed red blood cell membrane-coated polyethylenimine/mRNA(RPN)and plain polyethylenimine/mRNA polyplex(PN).The dendritic cell membrane coating altered the zeta potential values and surface protein patterns of PN.DPN demonstrated significantly higher uptake in dendritic cells compared to PN and RPN,and it also showed greater mRNA expression within these cells.DPN,carrying mRNA encoding luciferase,enhanced green fluorescent protein,or ovalbumin(OVA),exhibited higher protein expression in dendritic cells than the other groups.Additionally,DPN exhibited favorable mRNA escape from lysosomes post-internalization into dendritic cells.Inmice,subcutaneous administration of DPN containing ovalbumin mRNA(DPN_(OVA))elicited higher titers of anti-OVA IgG antibodies and a greater population of OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cells than the other groups.In a B16F10-OVA tumor model,DPNOVA treatment resulted in the lowest tumor growth among the treated groups.Moreover,the population of OVA-specific CD8^(+)T cellswas the highest in the DPNOVA-treated group.While we demonstrated DPN’s feasibility as an mRNA delivery system in a tumor model,the potential of DPN can be broadly extended for immunotherapeutic treatments of various diseases through mRNA delivery to antigen-presenting cells.
基金supported by the Foundation of Jilin Science-Technology Committee[20250206003ZP,20230402042GH,Z.Y.]National Natural Science of China[21HAA01203,Z.Y.,Grant No 82030107,J.G.]+1 种基金Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2024CX203,M.S.2025CX129,J.C.)。
文摘Macrophages are critical phagocytes in the immune system,and tumor-infiltrating macrophages can substantially influence the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.Therefore,macrophagesmay serve as therapeutic targets for modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Macrophage-based drug delivery systems have been extensively evaluated owing to their excellent biocompatibility,long half-life,and inherent ability to migrate and accumulate at sites of inflammation,such as tumors.Live macrophages and their membrane coatings contain abundant receptor proteins that facilitate payload transport across physiological barriers.In this review,we discuss strategies that utilize macrophages as targets and delivery carriers for cancer immunotherapy.Here,we summarize the different macrophage phenotypes,tumor-associated macrophage-targeting strategies,and biomimetic delivery carriers derived from macrophages used in immunotherapy.Overall,macrophage-centered strategies for cancer therapy hold considerable promise for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2400600,2022YFE0203600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81925035,82304842,82204628)+6 种基金High-level Innovative Research Institute(No.2021B0909050003)Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2024VBB0004)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects in Zhongshan City(Nos.LJ2021001,CXTD2022011)the Social Welfare and Basic Research Projects in Zhongshan(No.221014134359625)the Special Projects in Key Areas of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022ZDZX2015)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J4899)Young Talent Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(No.A1–2601–24–414–110Z76)。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a refractory autoimmune disease with limited treatment options.Plantderived exosomes-like nanovesicles(PDENs)have emerged as a novel nanomedical approach,with the inherent bioactive compounds from their source plants.The roots of Morinda officinalis How.(MO),a Chinese herb,exhibit notable anti-inflammatory activities and hold promising therapeutic value.We engineered a joint-targe ting delivery system(termed MOE@EM)by masking MO-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles(MOE)with erythrocyte membrane(EM).This biomimetic strategy,using EM camouflage,is intended to improve the in vivo fate of MOE.We investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities,immunogenicity,drug accumulation in the joint,and therapeutic efficacy to ascertain its suitability for RA therapy.UV irradiation significantly increased the activities of catalase and peroxidase of MOE,and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Furthermore,MOE@EM markedly attenuated dendritic cell activation.MOE@EM exhibited joint-specific delivery,with substantial reduction in paw swelling,and favorable modulation of immune microenvironment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573571)the Shanghai 2025 Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401393)the First Batch of Open Topics of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices(2025QN13)。
文摘The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DE230101044)Chun-Xia Zhao acknowledges funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)for projects(APP2008698)+1 种基金Guangze Yang acknowledges support from the NHMRC(APP2034857)Yue Hui acknowledges support from the NHMRC(APP2026797).
文摘Cell membrane coating(CMC)of nanoparticles(NPs)has emerged as a prominent strategy that has gained significant attention and achieved notable progress across various therapeutic sectors.Coating NPs with natural cell membranes endows them with various functions and addresses various challenges in drug delivery,such as prolonging circulation time,reducing immunogenicity,and improving targeting efficiency and cellular communication.Among the different NPs,lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have revolutionized the field of nanomedicine by providing various advantageous features for drug delivery.The versatile characteristics of LNPs synergize well with cell membranes’biomimetic properties,creating hybrid structures with enhanced functionalities for diverse biomedical applications.A more advanced form of LNPs with significantly enhanced capabilities can be achieved through CMC.However,significant opportunities remain for further advancements,with ongoing efforts focused on discovering innovative applications and fully harnessing the potential of this promising combination.This article provides a critical review of recent progress in cell membrane coated-LNPs(CMC-LNPs).First,different LNP types,their preparation methods,and coating strategies are summarized.The development,properties,functions,and applications of CMC-LNPs are then discussed.Last,their advantages,limitations,challenges,and future perspectives are presented.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Wuhan University,Clinical Medicine+X,2042024YXB017)Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Research Project(ZY2023Q015)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB665)Medical Young Talents Program of Hubei Province,Wuhan Young Medical Talents Training Project to L-L.B.
文摘Dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases can substantially impact the quality of human life,thereby posing a serious public health concern.Although conventional therapies such as surgery have solved these problems largely,the prognosis of patients is not always satisfactory.Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles(CMCNPs)carry nanodrugs with the help of natural cell membranes,therefore utilizing their remarkable ability to interface and interact with their surrounding environment.These nanoparticles have demonstrated substantial advantages in drug targeting,prolonging blood circulation time,penetrating biofilms,and immune escape.With the assistance of CMCNPs,the therapeutic effects of dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases can reach a higher level.CMCNPs have been applied for dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases for various conditions such as head and neck cancer,periodontal disease,and oral biosignal detection.For the therapies of head and neck cancer,CMCNPs have been widely utilized as a tool of chemotherapy,phototherapy,and immunotherapy,while yet to be exploited in imaging technique.In the end,we summarized the challenges and prospectives of CMCNPs for dental,oral,and craniofacial diseases:large-scale production with uniform standards and high quantity,extensive application directions in dental,oral,and craniofacial regions(implant,endodontics),and the promotion of its clinical application.
基金supported by funding from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2023B1111030002)the Guangdong Clinical Research Center of Immune disease(No.2020B1111170008).
文摘Effective control of inflammatory cytokines is crucial for controlling ankylosing spondylitis(AS).However,due to the complexity of cytokine networks,current therapies targeting individual cytokines often fall short of achieving satisfactory outcomes.Here,we developed mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-like nanodecoys(denoted“MSC-NDs”)and evaluated their potential as a versatile anti-inflammatory therapeutic for AS.To improve membrane yield,microvesicles derived from MSCs via cytochalasin B(CB)stimulation were employed as substitutes for traditional membrane extractions.Proteomic analysis confirmed that CBinduced microvesicles retained a membrane protein profile comparable to that of conventionally isolated MSC membranes,while offering over twice the production efficiency.The resulting MSC-NDs effectively neutralized multiple proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed cytokine-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro.In a mouse model of AS,MSC-NDs significantly reduced systemic cytokine levels and effectively delayed pathological new bone formation.RNA sequencing of lumbar spine tissue further revealed widespread downregulation of genes involved in bone metabolism and inflammation.These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of MSC-like nanodecoys as a versatile anti-inflammatory platform for the treatment of AS and potentially other inflammatory disorders.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925304,51903175,and 51973133).
文摘The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073807)。
文摘Cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of drug leads discovery attribute to their unique biointerface targeting function.However,random orientation of cell membrane coating does not guarantee effective and appropriate binding of drugs to specific sites,especially when applied to intracellular regions of transmembrane proteins.Bioorthogonal reactions have been rapidly developed as a specific and reliable method for cell membrane functionalization without disturbing living biosystem.Herein,inside-out cell membrane camouflaged magnetic nanoparticles(IOCMMNPs)were accurately constructed via bioorthogonal reactions to screen small molecule inhibitors targeting intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor recptor-2.Azide functionalized cell membrane acted as a platform for specific covalently coupling with alkynyl functionalized magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles to prepare IOCMMNPs.The inside-out orientation of cell membrane was successfully verified by immunogold staining and sialic acid quantification assay.Ultimately,two compounds,senkyunolide A and ligustilidel,were successfully captured,and their potential antiproliferative activities were further testified by pharmacological experiments.It is anticipated that the proposed inside-out cell membrane coating strategy endows tremendous versatility for engineering cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles and promotes the development of drug leads discovery platforms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31971258,32371405).
文摘The cell membranes,derived from natural sources,possesses unique physicochemical properties of phospholipid bilayers and biological functionalities of membrane proteins.This makes it an ideal biomimetic coating to enhance the in vivo circulation and retention time of micro/nanodrug carriers,provide targeted drug delivery effects,and neutralize bacterial toxins.Notably,recent studies have successfully coated various types of cell membranes onto the surfaces of macroscopic materials,such as electrospun fiber scaffolds and decellularized matrices,to promote tissue repair,modulate host responses to foreign materials,and alleviate inflammation.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in the modification of macroscopic biomaterials with cell membranes.The insights provided aim to serve as a valuable reference for the preparation of cell membrane biomimetic coatings and their applications in the field of tissue repair.
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.82104125 and 82373832)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702632)Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2023-YBSF-145,2024SF-YBXM-469,2024JC-YBMS-651).
文摘Biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase(AChE)are crucial for early diagnosis,less invasive treatment,and drug evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,existing technologies often suffer from enzyme conformational changes,leading to altered activity and loss and reduced sensor efficacy.To address this challenge,we developed a novel right-side-out-oriented red blood cell membrane-coated electrochemical biosensors(ROCMCBs)to evaluate AChE inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)as potential anti-AD agents.The developed right-side-out-oriented coating based on immunoaf-finity not only fully exposed the binding sites of AChE on the cell membrane but also ensured its confor-mation and stability as a peripheral membrane-anchoring protein,which was conducive to maintaining its biological activity and producing optimal interaction with drugs.At the same time,the biosensors exhib-ited a satisfactory sensitivity(limit of detection�0.41 pmol/L).Ultimately,six potentially active com-pounds against AD(baicalin,geniposide,gastrodin,berberine,rhynchophylline,and senkyunolide A)were rapidly identified and evaluated from TCMs.This project provides a promising strategy for devel-oping cell membrane-coated electrochemical biosensors.The application of cell membrane-coated elec-trochemical biosensors with well-defined cell membrane orientation further expands new perspectives and methods for AChE-targeted anti-AD research.
基金supported by grants from the National Institute of Health(1R01HL175373-01 to K.H.)the American Heart Association(21CDA855570 to K.H.)(24CDA1277521 to D.Z).
文摘Myocardial infarction(MI),commonly known as a heart attack,remains a leading cause of death worldwide.Standard treatments,such as coronary stent placement or coronary artery bypass graft surgery,aim to restore blood flow to ischemic myocardial tissue.However,a significant complication of these procedures is ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which occurs when blood flow is restored,triggering oxidative stress,inflammation,and calcium overload that can further damage the heart.To limit the I/R injury following the coronary recanalization of an MI heart,we designed stromal-platelet membrane-inspired nanoparticles(SPINs)that consist of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)core,decorated by a dual membrane coating:a platelet membrane for precise adhesion to the damaged endothelium area and a stromal cell membrane to enhance receptor-ligand interactions and immune-evasiveness.This unique dual-membrane configuration synergistically reduces fibrosis and inflammation while promoting angiomyogenesis.This combination integrates the vascular injury targeting and immune-evasive properties of the nanoparticle,making this dual-membrane design a promising add-on intervention to augment post-percutaneous coronary intervention recovery,enhancing outcomes and offering potential improved cardiac repair.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070228,81773283)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1316204)。
文摘Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)is a highly fatal condition with the positive feedback loop between continued immune cell activation and cytokine storm as the core mechanism to mediate multiple organ dysfunction.Inspired by macrophage membranes harbor the receptors with special high affinity for proin-flammation cytokines,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles(LMNP)were developed to show strong sponge ability to both IFN-γand IL-6 and suppressed overactivation of macrophages by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo.Besides,LMNP also efficiently alleviated HLH-related symptoms including cytopenia,hepatosplenomegaly and hepatorenal dysfunction and save the life of mouse models.Furthermore,its sponge effect also worked well for five human HLH samples in vitro.Altogether,it’s firstly demonstrated that biocompatible LMNP could dampen HLH with high potential for clinical transformation,which also provided alternative insights for the treatment of other cytokine storm-mediated pathologic conditions such as COVID-19 infection and cytokine releasing syndrome during CAR-T therapy.
