Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly(acrylic acid-co-acryla-mide)/potassium humate(PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal ...Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly(acrylic acid-co-acryla-mide)/potassium humate(PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly(acrylic acid)and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carded out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium bumate content of 10%and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 gig in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgC12 and A1CI3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.展开更多
An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was inv...An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over coal carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K containing compounds such as K 2 CO 3 and K 2 O remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal based activated carbon.展开更多
North Shaanxi and Ningxia are extremely abundant in coal resources, with excellent geographical positions and transport facilities, suitable to build large size pithead power plants. This paper details the coal resour...North Shaanxi and Ningxia are extremely abundant in coal resources, with excellent geographical positions and transport facilities, suitable to build large size pithead power plants. This paper details the coal resources in North Shaanxi Province and Ningxia Autonomous Region, fuel coal and transportation conditions for building large size pithead power plants, and carries out the analyses of economic benefits and electricity prices of bidding for access to grid for the six recommended power plants. The analyses show that these power plants, after built up, will have strong competitive powers and make contributions for the sustainable development of power industry in North China and Shandong Province.展开更多
Introduction:The development of coal power base(CPB)poses a severe challenge to the soil.We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB,to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk,and s...Introduction:The development of coal power base(CPB)poses a severe challenge to the soil.We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB,to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk,and sources of six heavy metals(As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,and Cd)in soil by using Geo-accumulation index,revised Nemerow integrated pollution index(RNIPI),and potential ecological risk index(RI).Outcomes/other:The results showed that the pollution of Cd and As were dramatic.The mean of Cd and As were 1.11 mg·kg^(-1) and 25.13 mg·kg^(-1),which were 42.55 times and 4.41 times higher than its local background value.The Geo-accumulation indices showed the contamination degree of Cd was strong and As was moderate,and the status of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Mn were uncontaminated.Xilinhot was strongly contaminated based on its RNIPI and RI values.Discussion:The accumulations of As,Pb,and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources,including coal mining and combustion,and industrial exhaust emissions.Cu,Mn,and Zn were primarily originated from the parent material(natural sources).Conclusion:This study provides scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in surrounding areas of CPB.展开更多
基金supports from the fundamental research funds for central universities and the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No2010-2012)
文摘Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly(acrylic acid-co-acryla-mide)/potassium humate(PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly(acrylic acid)and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carded out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium bumate content of 10%and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 gig in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgC12 and A1CI3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.
文摘An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over coal carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K containing compounds such as K 2 CO 3 and K 2 O remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal based activated carbon.
文摘North Shaanxi and Ningxia are extremely abundant in coal resources, with excellent geographical positions and transport facilities, suitable to build large size pithead power plants. This paper details the coal resources in North Shaanxi Province and Ningxia Autonomous Region, fuel coal and transportation conditions for building large size pithead power plants, and carries out the analyses of economic benefits and electricity prices of bidding for access to grid for the six recommended power plants. The analyses show that these power plants, after built up, will have strong competitive powers and make contributions for the sustainable development of power industry in North China and Shandong Province.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFC0501101,2016YFC0503603].
文摘Introduction:The development of coal power base(CPB)poses a severe challenge to the soil.We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB,to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk,and sources of six heavy metals(As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,and Cd)in soil by using Geo-accumulation index,revised Nemerow integrated pollution index(RNIPI),and potential ecological risk index(RI).Outcomes/other:The results showed that the pollution of Cd and As were dramatic.The mean of Cd and As were 1.11 mg·kg^(-1) and 25.13 mg·kg^(-1),which were 42.55 times and 4.41 times higher than its local background value.The Geo-accumulation indices showed the contamination degree of Cd was strong and As was moderate,and the status of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Mn were uncontaminated.Xilinhot was strongly contaminated based on its RNIPI and RI values.Discussion:The accumulations of As,Pb,and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources,including coal mining and combustion,and industrial exhaust emissions.Cu,Mn,and Zn were primarily originated from the parent material(natural sources).Conclusion:This study provides scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in surrounding areas of CPB.
