This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to whic...This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China＇s reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has pre- sented a significant core-periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial loca- tion is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or hu- man-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addi- tion, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain de- gree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchro- nized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop indus- trial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core-periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.展开更多
Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were u...Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.展开更多
As a special branch of global trade,the trade of agricultural products has an important impact on food security and the environment.In this paper,we studied international trade network of agricultural products from 20...As a special branch of global trade,the trade of agricultural products has an important impact on food security and the environment.In this paper,we studied international trade network of agricultural products from 2000 to 2016 as a whole and in part.We explored the overall characteristics of the network,analyzed the evolution of communities and identified core countries of the communities.The results show that the structure of the trade network became increasingly complex and the trade relations became closer over time.There were four major communities in the network,whose primary core countries were Germany,the United States,Brazil,and China.Since 2007,the community represented by China has disappeared,and the community pattern of the network has been in a three-pillar state and basically stable.We discuss the actual roles of certain trading countries,the formation of communities and the impact of economic events on agricultural products trade.This paper reveals the underlying patterns of the agricultural products trade and provides a way to track its evolution over time.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct in-depth research on the new and innovative pattern of college students＇ ideological and political education under the guidance and perspective of the core values theory. Implementation of i...In this paper, we conduct in-depth research on the new and innovative pattern of college students＇ ideological and political education under the guidance and perspective of the core values theory. Implementation of ideological and political theory course construction will perfect the theory of education system. The dominance of socialist core values embodied in the noble moral and value pursuit of the process, it plays a major guiding role. Universities should give full play to the important role of ideological and political theory and adhere to Marxist theory as a guide and fully carry out the socialist core values education which will hold special meaning for students.展开更多
China＇s economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term ＂urban industry＂ describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percen...China＇s economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term ＂urban industry＂ describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percentage of industrial firms that have either closed or relo- cated from city centres to the urban fringe and beyond, emergent global cities such as Shanghai, are implementing strategies for local economic and urban development, which involve urban industrial upgrading numerous firms in the city centre and urban fringe. This study aims to analyze the location patterns of seven urban industrial sectors within the Shanghai urban region using 2008 micro-geography data. To avoid Modifiable Areal Unit Problem （MAUP） issue, four distance-based measures including nearest neighbourhood analysis, Kernel density estimation, K-function and co-location quotient have been exten- sively applied to analyze and compare the concentration and co-location between the seven sectors. The results reveal disparate patterns varying with distance and interesting co-location as well. The results are as follows： the city centre and the urban fringe have the highest intensity of urban industrial firms, but the zones with 20-30 km from the city centre is a watershed for most categories; the degree of concentration varies with distance, weaker at shorter distance, increasing up to the maximum distance of 30 km and then decreasing until 50 km; for all urban industries, there are three types of patterns, mixture of clustered, random and dispersed distribution at a varied range of distances. Consequently, this paper argues that the location pattern of urban industry reflects the stage-specific industrial restructuring and spatial transformation, conditioned by sustainability objectives.展开更多
Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial he...Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.展开更多
This paper explores the intra-textual core vocabulary occurrence rates and core vocabulary growth patterns in the four sets of College English coursebooks favorably evaluated by the Ministry of Education of China in 2...This paper explores the intra-textual core vocabulary occurrence rates and core vocabulary growth patterns in the four sets of College English coursebooks favorably evaluated by the Ministry of Education of China in 2004. And the CECR (College English Curriculum Requirements) word list is adopted as the reference word list. The research result reveals that the single text occurrence rates of the core vocabulary of the four sets of books vary substantially from one to another, with New Horizon College English (INHCE) covering the most. In general, the vocabulary size steadily grows within the four sets of course books;however, the unsmooth vocabulary growth pattern does exist. And core vocabulary growth patterns vary due to the differences in the single text occurrence rates of the core vocabulary of the four sets of books.展开更多
Fuel reload pattern optimization is essential for attaining maximum fuel burnup for minimization of generation cost while minimizing power peaking factor(PPF).The aim of this work is to carry out detailed assessment o...Fuel reload pattern optimization is essential for attaining maximum fuel burnup for minimization of generation cost while minimizing power peaking factor(PPF).The aim of this work is to carry out detailed assessment of particle swarm optimization(PSO) in the context of fuel reload pattern search. With astronomically large number of possible loading patterns, the main constraints are limiting local power peaking factor, fixed number of assemblies,fixed fuel enrichment, and burnable poison rods. In this work, initial loading pattern of fixed batches of fuel assemblies is optimized by using particle swarm optimization technique employing novel feature of varying inertial weights with the objective function to obtain both flat power profile and cycle k_(eff)>1. For neutronics calculation, PSU-LEOPARD-generated assembly depletiondependent group-constant-based ADD files are used. The assembly data description file generated by PSU-LEOPARD is used as input cross-section library to MCRAC code, which computes normalized power profile of all fuel assemblies of PWR nuclear reactor core. The standard PSO with varying inertial weights is then employed to avoid trapping in local minima. A series of experiments havebeen conducted to obtain near-optimal converged fuelloading pattern of 300 MWe PWR Chashma reactor. The optimized loading pattern is found in good agreement with results found in literature. Hybrid scheme of PSO with simulated annealing has also been implemented and resulted in faster convergence.展开更多
基金National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of China,No.2007FY110300
文摘This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China＇s reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has pre- sented a significant core-periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial loca- tion is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or hu- man-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addi- tion, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain de- gree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchro- nized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop indus- trial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core-periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Project in Northwest A&F University(2015RWYB38)
文摘Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2016YFC0803106]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41571438].
文摘As a special branch of global trade,the trade of agricultural products has an important impact on food security and the environment.In this paper,we studied international trade network of agricultural products from 2000 to 2016 as a whole and in part.We explored the overall characteristics of the network,analyzed the evolution of communities and identified core countries of the communities.The results show that the structure of the trade network became increasingly complex and the trade relations became closer over time.There were four major communities in the network,whose primary core countries were Germany,the United States,Brazil,and China.Since 2007,the community represented by China has disappeared,and the community pattern of the network has been in a three-pillar state and basically stable.We discuss the actual roles of certain trading countries,the formation of communities and the impact of economic events on agricultural products trade.This paper reveals the underlying patterns of the agricultural products trade and provides a way to track its evolution over time.
文摘In this paper, we conduct in-depth research on the new and innovative pattern of college students＇ ideological and political education under the guidance and perspective of the core values theory. Implementation of ideological and political theory course construction will perfect the theory of education system. The dominance of socialist core values embodied in the noble moral and value pursuit of the process, it plays a major guiding role. Universities should give full play to the important role of ideological and political theory and adhere to Marxist theory as a guide and fully carry out the socialist core values education which will hold special meaning for students.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571124
文摘China＇s economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term ＂urban industry＂ describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percentage of industrial firms that have either closed or relo- cated from city centres to the urban fringe and beyond, emergent global cities such as Shanghai, are implementing strategies for local economic and urban development, which involve urban industrial upgrading numerous firms in the city centre and urban fringe. This study aims to analyze the location patterns of seven urban industrial sectors within the Shanghai urban region using 2008 micro-geography data. To avoid Modifiable Areal Unit Problem （MAUP） issue, four distance-based measures including nearest neighbourhood analysis, Kernel density estimation, K-function and co-location quotient have been exten- sively applied to analyze and compare the concentration and co-location between the seven sectors. The results reveal disparate patterns varying with distance and interesting co-location as well. The results are as follows： the city centre and the urban fringe have the highest intensity of urban industrial firms, but the zones with 20-30 km from the city centre is a watershed for most categories; the degree of concentration varies with distance, weaker at shorter distance, increasing up to the maximum distance of 30 km and then decreasing until 50 km; for all urban industries, there are three types of patterns, mixture of clustered, random and dispersed distribution at a varied range of distances. Consequently, this paper argues that the location pattern of urban industry reflects the stage-specific industrial restructuring and spatial transformation, conditioned by sustainability objectives.
基金Under the auspices of'Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues'of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05090310)
文摘Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(60675039)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2006AA04Z217)Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This paper explores the intra-textual core vocabulary occurrence rates and core vocabulary growth patterns in the four sets of College English coursebooks favorably evaluated by the Ministry of Education of China in 2004. And the CECR (College English Curriculum Requirements) word list is adopted as the reference word list. The research result reveals that the single text occurrence rates of the core vocabulary of the four sets of books vary substantially from one to another, with New Horizon College English (INHCE) covering the most. In general, the vocabulary size steadily grows within the four sets of course books;however, the unsmooth vocabulary growth pattern does exist. And core vocabulary growth patterns vary due to the differences in the single text occurrence rates of the core vocabulary of the four sets of books.
文摘Fuel reload pattern optimization is essential for attaining maximum fuel burnup for minimization of generation cost while minimizing power peaking factor(PPF).The aim of this work is to carry out detailed assessment of particle swarm optimization(PSO) in the context of fuel reload pattern search. With astronomically large number of possible loading patterns, the main constraints are limiting local power peaking factor, fixed number of assemblies,fixed fuel enrichment, and burnable poison rods. In this work, initial loading pattern of fixed batches of fuel assemblies is optimized by using particle swarm optimization technique employing novel feature of varying inertial weights with the objective function to obtain both flat power profile and cycle k_(eff)>1. For neutronics calculation, PSU-LEOPARD-generated assembly depletiondependent group-constant-based ADD files are used. The assembly data description file generated by PSU-LEOPARD is used as input cross-section library to MCRAC code, which computes normalized power profile of all fuel assemblies of PWR nuclear reactor core. The standard PSO with varying inertial weights is then employed to avoid trapping in local minima. A series of experiments havebeen conducted to obtain near-optimal converged fuelloading pattern of 300 MWe PWR Chashma reactor. The optimized loading pattern is found in good agreement with results found in literature. Hybrid scheme of PSO with simulated annealing has also been implemented and resulted in faster convergence.
