The effect of FeCl_3 coagulation-filtration on the removal of trace Mo(Ⅵ) from water is investigated in the p H range of 4. 00 to 9. 00 and the effects of sulfate,silicate,phosphate and humic acid( HA) on the process...The effect of FeCl_3 coagulation-filtration on the removal of trace Mo(Ⅵ) from water is investigated in the p H range of 4. 00 to 9. 00 and the effects of sulfate,silicate,phosphate and humic acid( HA) on the process were determined. Overall,the removal of Mo(Ⅵ) is determined by two factors: the content of Fe intercepted from water( Intercepted Fe) and the affinity between Mo(Ⅵ)( or co-existing background constituents) and adsorption sites. At low p H,where the agglomeration of the iron flocs is limited,the former factor is dominant,so the methods that can promote the agglomeration of the iron flocs,such as increasing the p H,adding co-existing constituents( sulfate,phosphate or HA),can increase the removal of Mo(Ⅵ). While at high p H,the second factor dominated. Increasing the p H weakens the affinity between Mo(Ⅵ) and the iron flocs,and co-existing background constituents( sulfate,phosphate,silicate or HA) compete with Mo(Ⅵ) for adsorption sites,both effects result in a decrease in Mo(Ⅵ) removal. The Mo(Ⅵ) removal efficiency of FeCl_3 in natural water decreases as the p H increases from 4. 00 to 9. 00,and it is better to operate the coagulation process at p H 5.00 in the practical water treatment engineering.展开更多
The synthesis of evolutionary biology and community ecology aims to understand how genetic variation within one species can shape community properties and how the ecological properties of a community can drive the evo...The synthesis of evolutionary biology and community ecology aims to understand how genetic variation within one species can shape community properties and how the ecological properties of a community can drive the evolution of a species.A rarely explored aspect is whether the interaction of genetic variation and community properties depends on the species'ecological role.Here we investigated the interactions among environmental factors,species diversity,and the within-species genetic diversity of species with different ecological roles.Using high-throughput DNA sequencing,we genotyped a canopydominant tree species,Parashorea chinensis,and an understory-abundant species,Pittosporopsis kerrii,from fifteen plots in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest and estimated their adaptive,neutral and total genetic diversity;we also surveyed species diversity and assayed key soil nutrients.Structural equation modelling revealed that soil nitrogen availability created an opposing effect in species diversity and adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa.chinensis.The increased adaptive genetic diversity of Pa.chinensis led to greater species diversity by promoting co-existence.Increased species diversity reduced the adaptive genetic diversity of the dominant understory species,Pi.kerrii,which was promoted by the adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa.chinensis.However,such relationships were absent when neutral genetic diversity or total genetic diversity were used in the model.Our results demonstrated the important ecological interaction between adaptive genetic diversity and species diversity,but the pattern of the interaction depends on the identity of the species.Our results highlight the significant ecological role of dominant species in competitive interactions and regulation of community structure.展开更多
We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid op...We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.展开更多
The prey-seeking behavior of three spiders (X1-Pirata subpiraticus, X2-Clubiona japonicola and X3-Tetragnatha japonica) for brown plant hopper (X4-Nilaparvata lugens) and rice spittle bug (X5-Cal-litettix versicolor) ...The prey-seeking behavior of three spiders (X1-Pirata subpiraticus, X2-Clubiona japonicola and X3-Tetragnatha japonica) for brown plant hopper (X4-Nilaparvata lugens) and rice spittle bug (X5-Cal-litettix versicolor) was investigated, as well as how interference between and within species occurred, by using a quadratic regression rotational composite design. Six predation models derived from the analysis of interactions among and within predators and preys were developed. The total predatory capacity of spiders on rice insect pests after coexistence for one day can be expressed as follows: Y3 = 32.795 + 2.25X1 + 1.083X2 + 0.5X3 + 10.167X4 + 3.167X5 - 1.67X12 - 2.42X22 - 3.295X32 - 0.045X42 + 0.455X52 - 3.125X1X2 + 0.375X1X3 -0.625X1X4 - 0.375X1X5 + 0.375X2X3 - 0.875X2X4 + 0.125X2X5 + 0.375X3X4 - 0.375X3X5 + 0.125X4X5. The principal efficiency analysis using this model indicated that increases in insect pest density significantly increased predation by predators; this was much greater than the effect of any single predator. X4 had a greater effect than X5; however, X4 and X5 demonstrated little interspecific interference and even promoted each other and increased predation rates as the densities of the two pests increased. Among the three predators, an increase in the density of X, had the greatest effect on the increase in predation, X3 had the second, X2 the third greatest effect. As predator density increased inter- and intra-species interference occurred, which were largely related to the size, activity, niche breadth, niche overlap and searching efficiency of the predators. X2 produced the greatest interference between different individuals and between any other predator species. X3 had the second greatest, which reduced predation levels at high predator densities. Because of these factors, the highest predation rate was obtained at a prey density of 120 per 4 rice-hills. The optimal proportion of the three predators in the multi-predator prey system was X1: X2: X3 = 5.6:1.3:4.1.展开更多
A brain tumor associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is very rare. A 42-year-old female presented with two separate lesions in her right frontal lobe on MRI. An angiogram diagnosed one of the lesions as a...A brain tumor associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is very rare. A 42-year-old female presented with two separate lesions in her right frontal lobe on MRI. An angiogram diagnosed one of the lesions as an AVM. The second lesion appeared to be a tumor. Tumor removal was difficult due to bleeding from the nearby AVM, necessitating removal of the AVM and allowing complete excision of the tumor. Histopathological analysis revealed the tumor was an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. There was no recurrence of the tumor 5 year after completion of therapy. We discuss the operative strategy in case of synchronous diseases and provide a review of the literature.展开更多
Afrikan narratives such as folktales,proverbs and taboos were clear systems and structures on which societies operated.These were used to guide society’s values that promoted trust,accountability,self respect and man...Afrikan narratives such as folktales,proverbs and taboos were clear systems and structures on which societies operated.These were used to guide society’s values that promoted trust,accountability,self respect and many more for the wellbeing of the entire community.This paper discussesone of the Banyankole folktale Kanzanise empimba za Nzima atarikimanya akangaya(Let me stand in the gap of my sister(Nzima)while she is away or else,I will be shamed in case she knows I did not).The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how Afrikan indigenous knowledge and specifically this folktale Kanzanise empimba za Nzima atarikimanya akangaya inculcated in the community a spirit of care,commitment to one another and transparency which are fundamental values that create peaceful societies.The paper argues that there is a wealth of wisdom residing in the African cultures to be exploited to guide African policy development.This will raise African indigenous knowledge to a platform worth recognition for its contribution towards positive transformation.Furthermore,that the Western systems and structures currently guiding Afrikan policy development are oblivious of the richness of Afrikan indigenous knowledge that united the people.The paper concludes that for Afrikans to contribute to the global agenda,they need to bring to the table of globalization a unique product such as the Afrikan indigenous narratives that contribues to world peace.The paper recommends moving back into our past,identify and promote those unique Afrikan values that sustained Africa before the Western influence.展开更多
Situated within the Cross River State of Nigeria, the Upper Cross River area covers the northern half of Cross River State comprising Ugep, Obubra, Ikom, Ogoja, and Obudu divisions. Bounded on the north by the Benue r...Situated within the Cross River State of Nigeria, the Upper Cross River area covers the northern half of Cross River State comprising Ugep, Obubra, Ikom, Ogoja, and Obudu divisions. Bounded on the north by the Benue region, west by Ebonyi and Enugu states and east by the Republic of Cameroon, this unique area experienced colonial rule. Christianity established its dominance in this area during colonial times, leaving no room for Islam. However, following the 1967 to 1970 civil war, groups of Islamic traders, clerics, and businessmen started trickling into the area, and settling there. They began to spread their faith in the region hut could not establish their political presence there. Some familiarised themselves with the culture of the indigenous people, and won converts not by force, but via the proselytisation of their faith. Community leaders did not abandon the old verities which bound traditional society in the region together. The pattern was often a pragmatic choice--accepting the best of the faiths resulting in peaceful co-existence and assured social harmony in the region. Pockets of Islamic converts could be found in Ogoja, Obudu, and some strategic commercial locations in the region. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the co-existence of Islam in the Upper Cross River Region （UCRR） and the impact made economically, culturally and religiously on the peoples of the region. The research adopted secondary and primary sources of information in its methodology. It therefore established that the UCRR of Nigeria serves as an excellent example, or a convenient model for the study of mutual religious co-existence between adherents of the Islamic and other faiths in the region.展开更多
THE premiere of popular Chinese TV soapie Beijing Love Storywas widely hailed as a major cultural breakthrough in the Nigerian capital of Abuja on September 18. Dubbed into Hausa. one of Nigeria＇s major languages, th...THE premiere of popular Chinese TV soapie Beijing Love Storywas widely hailed as a major cultural breakthrough in the Nigerian capital of Abuja on September 18. Dubbed into Hausa. one of Nigeria＇s major languages, the drama formed part of the Experience China program held by China＇s State Council Information Office （SCIO） in Abuja from September 10 to 19.展开更多
This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conf...This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conflicts,hindering the sustainable development of humanity.The paper explores the“binary co-existence”philosophy from Eastern thought.It explains its basis,applications,and significance in overcoming global social issues currently encountered.This philosophy emphasizes mutual dependence of opposites,offering solutions to global challenges.The paper stresses the urgency of shifting from binary opposition to binary co-existence,crucial for resolving conflicts and promoting sustainable development.It discusses ways like education and media to achieve this for global harmony.展开更多
The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution pattern...The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution patterns,niche dynamics,and interspecies interactions may occur,impacting biodiversity at multiple levels and potentially leading to ecosystem imbalances.This study aims to assess the impact of variations in vegetation composition and human disturbance on the distribution of sympatric breeding birds and to determine the extent of niche overlap or differentiation among these species.We conducted field surveys and collected data on bird distribution,vegetation composition,and level of human disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolian grasslands.We focused on the six most frequently co-occurring breeding birds,representing a mix of sparrows,larks,and corvids.Generalized Additive Models revealed varying responses of species occurrence along habitat gradients.Species like the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis),Mongolian Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica),and Asian Shorttoed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis),increased in larger and more connected habitats,while others,like the Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica),and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica),adapted to more fragmented habitats.Niche analysis indicated habitat generalists tended to occupy larger niches than grassland specialists.Substantial niche overlap was also found among the six co-occurring bird species.Conservation efforts should consider the specific needs of specialist species and strive to maintain or restore critical grassland habitats.Additionally,promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance the needs of birds and human activities can contribute to the coexistence of generalist and specialist bird species in modified landscapes.展开更多
Arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb),with analogy structure,belong to VA group in the periodic table and pose a great public concern due to their potential carcinogenicity.The speciation distribution,migration and transformati...Arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb),with analogy structure,belong to VA group in the periodic table and pose a great public concern due to their potential carcinogenicity.The speciation distribution,migration and transformation,enrichment and retention,as well as bioavailability and toxicity of As and Sb are influenced by several environmental processes on mineral surfaces,including adsorption/desorption,coordination/precipitation,and oxidation/reduction.These interfacial reactions are influenced by the crystal facet of minerals with different atomic and electronic structures.This review starts with facets and examines As and Sb adsorption and transformation on mineral facets such hematite,titanium dioxide,andmanganese dioxide.Themain focus lies on three pressing issues that limit the understanding of the environmental fate of As and Sb:the facet-dependent intricacies of adsorption and transformation,the mechanisms underlying facet-dependent phenomena,and the impact of co-existing chemicals.We first discussed As and Sb adsorption behaviors,structures,and bonding chemistry on diverse mineral facets.Subsequently,the reactivity of various mineral facets was examined,with particular emphasis placed on their significance in the context of environmental catalysis for the oxidation of As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ).Finally,the impact of co-existing cation,anion,or organic substances on the processes of adsorption and transport of As and Sb was reviewed.This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of the facet-dependent phenomena governing adsorption,transformation,and fate of contaminants.It underscores the critical role of mineral facets in dictating environmental reactions and paves the way for future research in this intriguing field.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Grant No.HIT,2013TS04)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program,China(Grant No.2012BAC05B02)
文摘The effect of FeCl_3 coagulation-filtration on the removal of trace Mo(Ⅵ) from water is investigated in the p H range of 4. 00 to 9. 00 and the effects of sulfate,silicate,phosphate and humic acid( HA) on the process were determined. Overall,the removal of Mo(Ⅵ) is determined by two factors: the content of Fe intercepted from water( Intercepted Fe) and the affinity between Mo(Ⅵ)( or co-existing background constituents) and adsorption sites. At low p H,where the agglomeration of the iron flocs is limited,the former factor is dominant,so the methods that can promote the agglomeration of the iron flocs,such as increasing the p H,adding co-existing constituents( sulfate,phosphate or HA),can increase the removal of Mo(Ⅵ). While at high p H,the second factor dominated. Increasing the p H weakens the affinity between Mo(Ⅵ) and the iron flocs,and co-existing background constituents( sulfate,phosphate,silicate or HA) compete with Mo(Ⅵ) for adsorption sites,both effects result in a decrease in Mo(Ⅵ) removal. The Mo(Ⅵ) removal efficiency of FeCl_3 in natural water decreases as the p H increases from 4. 00 to 9. 00,and it is better to operate the coagulation process at p H 5.00 in the practical water treatment engineering.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDB31000000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31370267).
文摘The synthesis of evolutionary biology and community ecology aims to understand how genetic variation within one species can shape community properties and how the ecological properties of a community can drive the evolution of a species.A rarely explored aspect is whether the interaction of genetic variation and community properties depends on the species'ecological role.Here we investigated the interactions among environmental factors,species diversity,and the within-species genetic diversity of species with different ecological roles.Using high-throughput DNA sequencing,we genotyped a canopydominant tree species,Parashorea chinensis,and an understory-abundant species,Pittosporopsis kerrii,from fifteen plots in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest and estimated their adaptive,neutral and total genetic diversity;we also surveyed species diversity and assayed key soil nutrients.Structural equation modelling revealed that soil nitrogen availability created an opposing effect in species diversity and adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa.chinensis.The increased adaptive genetic diversity of Pa.chinensis led to greater species diversity by promoting co-existence.Increased species diversity reduced the adaptive genetic diversity of the dominant understory species,Pi.kerrii,which was promoted by the adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa.chinensis.However,such relationships were absent when neutral genetic diversity or total genetic diversity were used in the model.Our results demonstrated the important ecological interaction between adaptive genetic diversity and species diversity,but the pattern of the interaction depends on the identity of the species.Our results highlight the significant ecological role of dominant species in competitive interactions and regulation of community structure.
文摘We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.
文摘The prey-seeking behavior of three spiders (X1-Pirata subpiraticus, X2-Clubiona japonicola and X3-Tetragnatha japonica) for brown plant hopper (X4-Nilaparvata lugens) and rice spittle bug (X5-Cal-litettix versicolor) was investigated, as well as how interference between and within species occurred, by using a quadratic regression rotational composite design. Six predation models derived from the analysis of interactions among and within predators and preys were developed. The total predatory capacity of spiders on rice insect pests after coexistence for one day can be expressed as follows: Y3 = 32.795 + 2.25X1 + 1.083X2 + 0.5X3 + 10.167X4 + 3.167X5 - 1.67X12 - 2.42X22 - 3.295X32 - 0.045X42 + 0.455X52 - 3.125X1X2 + 0.375X1X3 -0.625X1X4 - 0.375X1X5 + 0.375X2X3 - 0.875X2X4 + 0.125X2X5 + 0.375X3X4 - 0.375X3X5 + 0.125X4X5. The principal efficiency analysis using this model indicated that increases in insect pest density significantly increased predation by predators; this was much greater than the effect of any single predator. X4 had a greater effect than X5; however, X4 and X5 demonstrated little interspecific interference and even promoted each other and increased predation rates as the densities of the two pests increased. Among the three predators, an increase in the density of X, had the greatest effect on the increase in predation, X3 had the second, X2 the third greatest effect. As predator density increased inter- and intra-species interference occurred, which were largely related to the size, activity, niche breadth, niche overlap and searching efficiency of the predators. X2 produced the greatest interference between different individuals and between any other predator species. X3 had the second greatest, which reduced predation levels at high predator densities. Because of these factors, the highest predation rate was obtained at a prey density of 120 per 4 rice-hills. The optimal proportion of the three predators in the multi-predator prey system was X1: X2: X3 = 5.6:1.3:4.1.
文摘A brain tumor associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is very rare. A 42-year-old female presented with two separate lesions in her right frontal lobe on MRI. An angiogram diagnosed one of the lesions as an AVM. The second lesion appeared to be a tumor. Tumor removal was difficult due to bleeding from the nearby AVM, necessitating removal of the AVM and allowing complete excision of the tumor. Histopathological analysis revealed the tumor was an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. There was no recurrence of the tumor 5 year after completion of therapy. We discuss the operative strategy in case of synchronous diseases and provide a review of the literature.
文摘Afrikan narratives such as folktales,proverbs and taboos were clear systems and structures on which societies operated.These were used to guide society’s values that promoted trust,accountability,self respect and many more for the wellbeing of the entire community.This paper discussesone of the Banyankole folktale Kanzanise empimba za Nzima atarikimanya akangaya(Let me stand in the gap of my sister(Nzima)while she is away or else,I will be shamed in case she knows I did not).The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how Afrikan indigenous knowledge and specifically this folktale Kanzanise empimba za Nzima atarikimanya akangaya inculcated in the community a spirit of care,commitment to one another and transparency which are fundamental values that create peaceful societies.The paper argues that there is a wealth of wisdom residing in the African cultures to be exploited to guide African policy development.This will raise African indigenous knowledge to a platform worth recognition for its contribution towards positive transformation.Furthermore,that the Western systems and structures currently guiding Afrikan policy development are oblivious of the richness of Afrikan indigenous knowledge that united the people.The paper concludes that for Afrikans to contribute to the global agenda,they need to bring to the table of globalization a unique product such as the Afrikan indigenous narratives that contribues to world peace.The paper recommends moving back into our past,identify and promote those unique Afrikan values that sustained Africa before the Western influence.
文摘Situated within the Cross River State of Nigeria, the Upper Cross River area covers the northern half of Cross River State comprising Ugep, Obubra, Ikom, Ogoja, and Obudu divisions. Bounded on the north by the Benue region, west by Ebonyi and Enugu states and east by the Republic of Cameroon, this unique area experienced colonial rule. Christianity established its dominance in this area during colonial times, leaving no room for Islam. However, following the 1967 to 1970 civil war, groups of Islamic traders, clerics, and businessmen started trickling into the area, and settling there. They began to spread their faith in the region hut could not establish their political presence there. Some familiarised themselves with the culture of the indigenous people, and won converts not by force, but via the proselytisation of their faith. Community leaders did not abandon the old verities which bound traditional society in the region together. The pattern was often a pragmatic choice--accepting the best of the faiths resulting in peaceful co-existence and assured social harmony in the region. Pockets of Islamic converts could be found in Ogoja, Obudu, and some strategic commercial locations in the region. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the co-existence of Islam in the Upper Cross River Region （UCRR） and the impact made economically, culturally and religiously on the peoples of the region. The research adopted secondary and primary sources of information in its methodology. It therefore established that the UCRR of Nigeria serves as an excellent example, or a convenient model for the study of mutual religious co-existence between adherents of the Islamic and other faiths in the region.
文摘THE premiere of popular Chinese TV soapie Beijing Love Storywas widely hailed as a major cultural breakthrough in the Nigerian capital of Abuja on September 18. Dubbed into Hausa. one of Nigeria＇s major languages, the drama formed part of the Experience China program held by China＇s State Council Information Office （SCIO） in Abuja from September 10 to 19.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Funding Project of Westlake University under Grant No.WU2024A001.
文摘This paper analyzes binary opposition thinking,dominant in Western societies since ancient Greece,its prevalence in philosophy,international relations,etc.While it influenced science and technology,it also caused conflicts,hindering the sustainable development of humanity.The paper explores the“binary co-existence”philosophy from Eastern thought.It explains its basis,applications,and significance in overcoming global social issues currently encountered.This philosophy emphasizes mutual dependence of opposites,offering solutions to global challenges.The paper stresses the urgency of shifting from binary opposition to binary co-existence,crucial for resolving conflicts and promoting sustainable development.It discusses ways like education and media to achieve this for global harmony.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2412022QD026)。
文摘The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance.As species adapt to these changing environments,shifts in distribution patterns,niche dynamics,and interspecies interactions may occur,impacting biodiversity at multiple levels and potentially leading to ecosystem imbalances.This study aims to assess the impact of variations in vegetation composition and human disturbance on the distribution of sympatric breeding birds and to determine the extent of niche overlap or differentiation among these species.We conducted field surveys and collected data on bird distribution,vegetation composition,and level of human disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolian grasslands.We focused on the six most frequently co-occurring breeding birds,representing a mix of sparrows,larks,and corvids.Generalized Additive Models revealed varying responses of species occurrence along habitat gradients.Species like the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis),Mongolian Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica),and Asian Shorttoed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis),increased in larger and more connected habitats,while others,like the Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica),and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica),adapted to more fragmented habitats.Niche analysis indicated habitat generalists tended to occupy larger niches than grassland specialists.Substantial niche overlap was also found among the six co-occurring bird species.Conservation efforts should consider the specific needs of specialist species and strive to maintain or restore critical grassland habitats.Additionally,promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance the needs of birds and human activities can contribute to the coexistence of generalist and specialist bird species in modified landscapes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3703700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376214 and 41907266).
文摘Arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb),with analogy structure,belong to VA group in the periodic table and pose a great public concern due to their potential carcinogenicity.The speciation distribution,migration and transformation,enrichment and retention,as well as bioavailability and toxicity of As and Sb are influenced by several environmental processes on mineral surfaces,including adsorption/desorption,coordination/precipitation,and oxidation/reduction.These interfacial reactions are influenced by the crystal facet of minerals with different atomic and electronic structures.This review starts with facets and examines As and Sb adsorption and transformation on mineral facets such hematite,titanium dioxide,andmanganese dioxide.Themain focus lies on three pressing issues that limit the understanding of the environmental fate of As and Sb:the facet-dependent intricacies of adsorption and transformation,the mechanisms underlying facet-dependent phenomena,and the impact of co-existing chemicals.We first discussed As and Sb adsorption behaviors,structures,and bonding chemistry on diverse mineral facets.Subsequently,the reactivity of various mineral facets was examined,with particular emphasis placed on their significance in the context of environmental catalysis for the oxidation of As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ).Finally,the impact of co-existing cation,anion,or organic substances on the processes of adsorption and transport of As and Sb was reviewed.This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of the facet-dependent phenomena governing adsorption,transformation,and fate of contaminants.It underscores the critical role of mineral facets in dictating environmental reactions and paves the way for future research in this intriguing field.
