Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly def...Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly defined structurally.The absence of nanozyme systems that mimic natural isoenzymes-which catalyze similar reactions despite slight differences in their chemical structures-has particularly hindered the understanding of their structure-performance relationships.Such nanozyme analogues,termed iso-nanozymes,remain largely unexplored.Here,we report the first pair of iso-nanozymes.Two analogous copper nanoclusters-[Cu_(32)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(8)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(32))and[Cu_(30)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(6)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(30))-were synthesized and structurally characterized.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Cu_(30) possesses an identical metal framework and ligand types as Cu_(32),with a comparable ligand distribution.The only structural difference is the absence of two PPh_(3)Cu^(+) units in Cu_(30),which results in a substantial enhancement of its catalytic performance in the horseradish peroxidase-mimicking reaction.Under identical conditions,the specific activity(SA)of the Cu_(30) nanozyme is approximately 6.5 times higher than that of Cu_(32).Density functional theory calculations indicate that the notable difference in the SA between the two cluster nanozymes is attributed to variations in adsorption energies,which stem from their different geometric and electronic structures.This study not only introduces the novel concept of iso-nanozymes using atomically precise metal nanoclusters,but also establishes a model system for investigating the critical influence of nanozyme structure,down to the atomic level,on catalytic efficiency.These findings are anticipated to inspire further research interest in atomically precise metal nanoclusters within the nanozyme community.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-in...Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-induced symptoms,its mechanisms for multi-symptom clusters remain unclear.This study evaluates electroacupuncture's efficacy and explores its biological mechanisms in managing these clusters.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,block-randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled trial will enroll 388 patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,to be randomly assigned(1:1)to electroacupuncture or sham electro-acupuncture groups.Both groups will receive the standard quadruple antiemetic regimen combined with electroacupuncture or sham intervention.The primary endpoint is the incidence of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters within 120 h after chemotherapy.Secondary endpoints include improvement in gastrointestinal symptom clusters post-first chemotherapy cycle,nausea-free rates during acute and delayed phases,vomiting-free rates during overall,acute,and delayed phases,complete response rate,complete protection rate,and quality of life.Adverse events will be documented throughout the study.Discussion:This study will assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in alleviating chemotherapy-induced gastro-intestinal symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer.By integrating multi-omics analyses,we aim to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.The findings may offer a robust clinical foundation for optimizing symptom cluster management in cancer care.Trial Registration:Clinical Trials ID:NCT06952920.Date of registration:April 16,2025.Prospectively registered.URL of Trial Registry Record:https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06952920cond=NCT06952920&rank=1.展开更多
The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we repor...The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.展开更多
We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the st...We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the statistical mechanics of neutral point vortices confined on a sphere.We analyze rotation-free vortex-clustered states within the mean-field theory in the microcanonical ensemble.We find that the sandwich state,which involves the separating of vortices with opposite circulation and the clustering of vortices with the same circulation around the poles and the equator,is the maximum entropy vortex distribution,subject to a zero angular momentum constraint.The dipole moment vanishes for the sandwich state and the quadrupole tensor serves as an order parameter to characterize the vortex cluster structure.For a given finite angular momentum,the equilibrium vortex distribution forms a dipole structure,i.e.,vortices with opposite sign are separated and accumulate around the south and north poles,respectively.The conditions for the onset of clustering and the exponents associated with the quadrupole moment and the dipole moment as functions of energy are obtained within the mean field theory.At large energies,we obtain asymptotically exact vortex density distributions using the stereographic projection method,yielding the parameter bounds for the vortex clustered states.The analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations.展开更多
In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further...In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.展开更多
Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April...Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April 4 to 6 in 2018 was analyzed.The results show that the low trough at 500 hPa,the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa,and the inverted trough on the ground were the main influencing systems causing this blizzard.The transportation of warm and humid air by the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa and intense water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor conditions for the blizzard,and the moist layer in the blizzard area was deep.The low-level MPV in the blizzard area was<0,and the atmosphere was in a conditional symmetric instability state.The coupling of the upper and lower-level jets induced strong ascending motion.With the invasion of cold air,a low-level cold pad was formed,so that the warm and humid air tilted upward.The secondary circulation updraft triggered by the wet Q vector system released the conditional symmetric instability energy,so that the sloping motion was more intense,and the heavy snowfall appeared.Meanwhile,there was a good correspondence relationship between the blizzard area and the large-value area of low-level wet Q vector divergence.The mesoscale cloud clusters continuously generating,merging,and moving eastward in Hetao area were the direct cause of this blizzard,and the TBB of the cloud clusters was≤-56℃.The blizzard happened in the the edge gradient and large-value area of TBB.展开更多
Phosphine-supported copper hydrides are prone to aggregation to form various clusters.This study focuses on the synthesis,structural characterization,and reactivity of a novel dodecanuclear copper hydride,(^(iPr)PN^(H...Phosphine-supported copper hydrides are prone to aggregation to form various clusters.This study focuses on the synthesis,structural characterization,and reactivity of a novel dodecanuclear copper hydride,(^(iPr)PN^(H)P)_(4)Cu_(12)H_(12)(^(iPr)PN^(H)P=HN(CH_(2)CH_(2)P^(i)Pr_(2))_(2)).This specific copper hydride species represents a transient cluster on the degradation pathway from(^(iPr)PN^(H)P)_(3)Cu_(6)H_(6)to Cu(0).展开更多
Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to p...Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.展开更多
To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform in...To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform integrates a suite of hardware and software to simulate a range of collaborative UAV cluster operation scenarios.It features modules for collaborative task planning,UAV cluster simulations,and tactical monitoring.The platform significantly reduces training costs by eliminating physical drone dependencies while offering a flexible environment for testing swarm algorithms.UAV-TISP supports both individual UAV and swarm operations,incorporating high-fidelity flight dynamics,real-time communication via user datagram protocol(UDP),and collision avoidance strategies.Utilizing the OSGEarth engine,it enables dynamic 3D environment visualization and scenario customization.Three key task scenarios-route flight,formation reconstruction,and formation transformation-were tested to validate the platform’s efficacy.Results demonstrated robust formation maintenance,adaptive collision avoidance,and seamless task execution.Comparative analysis with Gazebo Sim revealed lower trajectory deviations in UAV-TISP,highlighting its superior accuracy in simulating real-world flight dynamics.Future work will focus on enhancing scalability for diverse UAV models,optimizing swarm networking under communication constraints,and expanding mission scenarios.UAV-TISP serves as a versatile tool for both operational training and advanced algorithm development in UAV cluster applications.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintill...Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as...Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical...The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution.In this study,we derive the abundances of oxygen(O),magnesium(Mg),silicon(Si),calcium(Ca),and titanium(Ti)for over 6.8 million stars using LAMOST DR11 low-resolution spectra.To ensure reliable measurements,we select 760 open clusters spanning a broad range of ages and apply Monte Carlo sampling for accurate abundance estimates.Additionally,we utilize over 30,000 stars from the GALAH DR4 catalog to train an XGBoost model for extractingα-element abundances from LAMOST DR11 spectra.Bayesian linear regression is employed to analyze the compositional distribution across the Galactic disk and infer chemical gradients as a function of Galactocentric distance.Our results indicate a general increase in chemical abundances with Galactocentric distance,with oxygen showing the steepest gradient.Our results confirm the overall increase ofα-element abundances with Galactocentric distance,consistent with previous studies,while minor discrepancies in Mg,Ca,and Ti gradients likely arise from differences in sample selection,observational sensitivity,or Galactic enrichment processes.展开更多
Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL ...Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.展开更多
Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integr...Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.展开更多
In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving ...In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.展开更多
LiNO_(3) is known to significantly enhance the reversibility of lithium metal batteries;however,the modification of solvation structures in various solvents and its further impact on the interface have not been fully ...LiNO_(3) is known to significantly enhance the reversibility of lithium metal batteries;however,the modification of solvation structures in various solvents and its further impact on the interface have not been fully revealed.Herein,we systematically studied the evolution of solvation structures with increasing LiNO_(3) concentration in both carbonate and ether electrolytes.The results from molecular dynamics simulations unveil that the Li^(+)solvation structure is less affected in carbonate electrolytes,while in ether electrolytes,there is a significant decrease of solvent molecules in Li^(+)coordination,and a larger average size of Li^(+)solvation structure emerges as LiNO_(3) concentration increases.Notably,the formation of large ion aggregates with size of several nanometers(nano-clusters),is observed in ether-based electrolytes at conventional Li^(+)concentration(1 M)with higher NO_(3)^(-) ratio,which is further proved by infrared spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments.The nano-clusters with abundant anions are endowed with a narrow energy gap of molecular orbitals,contributing to the formation of an inorganic rich electrode/electrolyte interphase that enhances the reversibility of lithium stripping/plating with Coulombic efficiency up to 99.71%.The discovery of nano-clusters elucidates the underlying mechanism linking ions/solvent aggregation states of electrolytes to interfacial stability in advanced battery systems.展开更多
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
文摘Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3507100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22301149 and 22571172)+9 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025JQ026)Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT23035)Start-Up Funding of Inner Mongolia University(10000-23112101/043 and 23600-5233710)S.Li acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22565021)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025QN02068)Start-Up Funding of Inner Mongolia University(10000-A24202027)N.F.Zheng acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:92261207)NSFC Center for Single-Atom Catalysis under Grant Number 22388102)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation.We acknowledge the financial support from JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(JPMJER2003)ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship(FL230100095).
文摘Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly defined structurally.The absence of nanozyme systems that mimic natural isoenzymes-which catalyze similar reactions despite slight differences in their chemical structures-has particularly hindered the understanding of their structure-performance relationships.Such nanozyme analogues,termed iso-nanozymes,remain largely unexplored.Here,we report the first pair of iso-nanozymes.Two analogous copper nanoclusters-[Cu_(32)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(8)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(32))and[Cu_(30)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(6)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(30))-were synthesized and structurally characterized.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Cu_(30) possesses an identical metal framework and ligand types as Cu_(32),with a comparable ligand distribution.The only structural difference is the absence of two PPh_(3)Cu^(+) units in Cu_(30),which results in a substantial enhancement of its catalytic performance in the horseradish peroxidase-mimicking reaction.Under identical conditions,the specific activity(SA)of the Cu_(30) nanozyme is approximately 6.5 times higher than that of Cu_(32).Density functional theory calculations indicate that the notable difference in the SA between the two cluster nanozymes is attributed to variations in adsorption energies,which stem from their different geometric and electronic structures.This study not only introduces the novel concept of iso-nanozymes using atomically precise metal nanoclusters,but also establishes a model system for investigating the critical influence of nanozyme structure,down to the atomic level,on catalytic efficiency.These findings are anticipated to inspire further research interest in atomically precise metal nanoclusters within the nanozyme community.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,Grant/Award Numbers:2024ZD0521400,2024ZD0521404Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University。
文摘Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-induced symptoms,its mechanisms for multi-symptom clusters remain unclear.This study evaluates electroacupuncture's efficacy and explores its biological mechanisms in managing these clusters.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,block-randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled trial will enroll 388 patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,to be randomly assigned(1:1)to electroacupuncture or sham electro-acupuncture groups.Both groups will receive the standard quadruple antiemetic regimen combined with electroacupuncture or sham intervention.The primary endpoint is the incidence of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters within 120 h after chemotherapy.Secondary endpoints include improvement in gastrointestinal symptom clusters post-first chemotherapy cycle,nausea-free rates during acute and delayed phases,vomiting-free rates during overall,acute,and delayed phases,complete response rate,complete protection rate,and quality of life.Adverse events will be documented throughout the study.Discussion:This study will assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in alleviating chemotherapy-induced gastro-intestinal symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer.By integrating multi-omics analyses,we aim to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.The findings may offer a robust clinical foundation for optimizing symptom cluster management in cancer care.Trial Registration:Clinical Trials ID:NCT06952920.Date of registration:April 16,2025.Prospectively registered.URL of Trial Registry Record:https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06952920cond=NCT06952920&rank=1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971240 and 22271283)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025QC1361)。
文摘The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175215,Grant No.12475041)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA 1405300)NSAF(Grant No.U2330401)。
文摘We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the statistical mechanics of neutral point vortices confined on a sphere.We analyze rotation-free vortex-clustered states within the mean-field theory in the microcanonical ensemble.We find that the sandwich state,which involves the separating of vortices with opposite circulation and the clustering of vortices with the same circulation around the poles and the equator,is the maximum entropy vortex distribution,subject to a zero angular momentum constraint.The dipole moment vanishes for the sandwich state and the quadrupole tensor serves as an order parameter to characterize the vortex cluster structure.For a given finite angular momentum,the equilibrium vortex distribution forms a dipole structure,i.e.,vortices with opposite sign are separated and accumulate around the south and north poles,respectively.The conditions for the onset of clustering and the exponents associated with the quadrupole moment and the dipole moment as functions of energy are obtained within the mean field theory.At large energies,we obtain asymptotically exact vortex density distributions using the stereographic projection method,yielding the parameter bounds for the vortex clustered states.The analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations.
文摘In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.
基金Supported by the Meteorological Science and Technology Innovation Project of North China(HBXM202415)Research Project of the Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(nmqxkjcx202311).
文摘Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April 4 to 6 in 2018 was analyzed.The results show that the low trough at 500 hPa,the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa,and the inverted trough on the ground were the main influencing systems causing this blizzard.The transportation of warm and humid air by the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa and intense water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor conditions for the blizzard,and the moist layer in the blizzard area was deep.The low-level MPV in the blizzard area was<0,and the atmosphere was in a conditional symmetric instability state.The coupling of the upper and lower-level jets induced strong ascending motion.With the invasion of cold air,a low-level cold pad was formed,so that the warm and humid air tilted upward.The secondary circulation updraft triggered by the wet Q vector system released the conditional symmetric instability energy,so that the sloping motion was more intense,and the heavy snowfall appeared.Meanwhile,there was a good correspondence relationship between the blizzard area and the large-value area of low-level wet Q vector divergence.The mesoscale cloud clusters continuously generating,merging,and moving eastward in Hetao area were the direct cause of this blizzard,and the TBB of the cloud clusters was≤-56℃.The blizzard happened in the the edge gradient and large-value area of TBB.
基金the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)Chemical Catalysis Program for support of this research project(CHE-1800151 and CHE-2102192)the NSF MRI Program for support of the instrumentation used in this study,which includes a Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer(CHE-1625737)a Bruker NEO400 MHz NMR spectrometer(CHE-1726092).
文摘Phosphine-supported copper hydrides are prone to aggregation to form various clusters.This study focuses on the synthesis,structural characterization,and reactivity of a novel dodecanuclear copper hydride,(^(iPr)PN^(H)P)_(4)Cu_(12)H_(12)(^(iPr)PN^(H)P=HN(CH_(2)CH_(2)P^(i)Pr_(2))_(2)).This specific copper hydride species represents a transient cluster on the degradation pathway from(^(iPr)PN^(H)P)_(3)Cu_(6)H_(6)to Cu(0).
基金supported by the Specific Research Fund for Top-notch Talents of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2022KT1188).
文摘Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.
文摘To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform integrates a suite of hardware and software to simulate a range of collaborative UAV cluster operation scenarios.It features modules for collaborative task planning,UAV cluster simulations,and tactical monitoring.The platform significantly reduces training costs by eliminating physical drone dependencies while offering a flexible environment for testing swarm algorithms.UAV-TISP supports both individual UAV and swarm operations,incorporating high-fidelity flight dynamics,real-time communication via user datagram protocol(UDP),and collision avoidance strategies.Utilizing the OSGEarth engine,it enables dynamic 3D environment visualization and scenario customization.Three key task scenarios-route flight,formation reconstruction,and formation transformation-were tested to validate the platform’s efficacy.Results demonstrated robust formation maintenance,adaptive collision avoidance,and seamless task execution.Comparative analysis with Gazebo Sim revealed lower trajectory deviations in UAV-TISP,highlighting its superior accuracy in simulating real-world flight dynamics.Future work will focus on enhancing scalability for diverse UAV models,optimizing swarm networking under communication constraints,and expanding mission scenarios.UAV-TISP serves as a versatile tool for both operational training and advanced algorithm development in UAV cluster applications.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.
文摘Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under program Nos.12090040,12090043,12473031,and 12003025as well as the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(No.202401AT070142)+2 种基金the International Center of Supernovae,Yunnan Key Laboratory(No.202302AN360001)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.202201BC070003)the support of the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under grant Nos.GZC20240124 and 2024M760242.
文摘The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution.In this study,we derive the abundances of oxygen(O),magnesium(Mg),silicon(Si),calcium(Ca),and titanium(Ti)for over 6.8 million stars using LAMOST DR11 low-resolution spectra.To ensure reliable measurements,we select 760 open clusters spanning a broad range of ages and apply Monte Carlo sampling for accurate abundance estimates.Additionally,we utilize over 30,000 stars from the GALAH DR4 catalog to train an XGBoost model for extractingα-element abundances from LAMOST DR11 spectra.Bayesian linear regression is employed to analyze the compositional distribution across the Galactic disk and infer chemical gradients as a function of Galactocentric distance.Our results indicate a general increase in chemical abundances with Galactocentric distance,with oxygen showing the steepest gradient.Our results confirm the overall increase ofα-element abundances with Galactocentric distance,consistent with previous studies,while minor discrepancies in Mg,Ca,and Ti gradients likely arise from differences in sample selection,observational sensitivity,or Galactic enrichment processes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471268)the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1503900)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1170000)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J05090,2024T3003)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ08).
文摘Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72571150)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.9182015)。
文摘Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.
文摘In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22372083,52201259)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2500300)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:Nankai University(63241607)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.22JCZDJC00380)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST.
文摘LiNO_(3) is known to significantly enhance the reversibility of lithium metal batteries;however,the modification of solvation structures in various solvents and its further impact on the interface have not been fully revealed.Herein,we systematically studied the evolution of solvation structures with increasing LiNO_(3) concentration in both carbonate and ether electrolytes.The results from molecular dynamics simulations unveil that the Li^(+)solvation structure is less affected in carbonate electrolytes,while in ether electrolytes,there is a significant decrease of solvent molecules in Li^(+)coordination,and a larger average size of Li^(+)solvation structure emerges as LiNO_(3) concentration increases.Notably,the formation of large ion aggregates with size of several nanometers(nano-clusters),is observed in ether-based electrolytes at conventional Li^(+)concentration(1 M)with higher NO_(3)^(-) ratio,which is further proved by infrared spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments.The nano-clusters with abundant anions are endowed with a narrow energy gap of molecular orbitals,contributing to the formation of an inorganic rich electrode/electrolyte interphase that enhances the reversibility of lithium stripping/plating with Coulombic efficiency up to 99.71%.The discovery of nano-clusters elucidates the underlying mechanism linking ions/solvent aggregation states of electrolytes to interfacial stability in advanced battery systems.
