Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the modera...Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the moderating role of resilience,remain elusive.This study aimed to examine the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation among physicians undergoing standardized residency training,and to investigate the moderating roles of different dimensions of individual resilience,namely tenacity,strength,and optimism.Methods:A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 133 resident physicians.Validated instruments assessing individual resilience,depressive symptoms,anxiety levels,and suicidal ideation were administered.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships among the variables.Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating roles of tenacity,strength,and optimism in the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.Results:Depressive symptoms and anxiety levels were both positively associated with suicidal ideation(p<0.001).All three resilience dimensions were negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(tenacity:r=−0.504,strength:r=−0.477,optimism:r=−0.440,all p<0.001).Tenacity,strength,and optimism significantly moderated the associations between depression and suicidal ideation(all p<0.05).When resilience levels in these dimensions were high,the associations between depression and suicidal ideation were weaker.Strength and optimism also moderated the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation(strength:p=0.028,optimism:p=0.028).When the resiliences(strength and optimism)were high,the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation were weaker.Conclusion:Individual resilience,particularly in the dimensions of tenacity,strength,and optimism,may serve as protective correlates for physicians in training,being associated with weaker relationships between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.These findings highlight the potential value of resilience-enhancing strategies in clinical training settings,although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.展开更多
Background:Exposure to environmental vulnerability poses significant threats to adolescent suicidal ideation,while individual resilience can mitigate these adverse effects with notable gender commonalities and differe...Background:Exposure to environmental vulnerability poses significant threats to adolescent suicidal ideation,while individual resilience can mitigate these adverse effects with notable gender commonalities and differences.However,research examining how these factors co-configure at the individual level remains limited,particularly from a gender-specific perspective.Thus,the present study aims to adopt a person-centered analytic approach to identify gender-specific configurations of environmental vulnerability and individual resilience associated with suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents.Methods:Data were collected from 2616 Chinese primary and secondary school students(aged 10–17;1223 girls).Participants completed validated scales measuring environmental vulnerability,individual resilience,and suicidal ideation.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was conducted separately by gender.Results:Gender differences were prominent:males exhibited higher resilience and lower suicidal ideation,while females reported higher environmental vulnerability and elevated levels of suicidal ideation.LPA identified three distinct profiles for males:Low Vulnerable–High Protective–Low Risk(LHL),Medium Vulnerable–Low Protective–Low Risk(MLL),and High Vulnerable–Low Protective–High Risk(HLH).Four profiles emerged for females:LHL,MLL,Medium Vulnerable–Low Protective–Medium Risk(MLM),and HLH.Crucially,within the HLH profile,males exhibited particularly deficient humor(η^(2)=0.19)and confidence(η^(2)=0.16),while females formed a distinct subgroup characterized by severe academic and family stressors(η^(2)=0.30–0.36).Conclusion:The study underscores developing gender-specific mental health interventions using a nuanced,person-centered approach that considers both environmental risk and individual resilience factors,which allows for targeted suicide prevention strategies addressing the unique needs of male and female adolescents.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further...In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including ...Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.展开更多
Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteris...Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteristics and customizing optical properties.In this work,we achieved the precise synthesis of isostructural alloy clusters R/S-Ag_(3)Cu([Ag_(3)Cu(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4),R/S-IPTT=R/S-4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thiolate,tppm=tris(diphenylphosphino)methane)in high yield(89%-91%)through selective doping of a Cu(Ⅰ)atom into chiral homometallic cluster enantiomers R/S-Ag_(4)([Ag_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4)).In stark contrast to R/S-Ag_(4)(Φ_(em)<0.5%)that displays weak circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)with phosphorescence characteristic,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(Φ_(em)≈70%)demonstrates strong CPL properties featured with thermally activated delay fluorescence(TADF)at ambient temperature.The selective substitution of the apical Ag(Ⅰ)atom in Ag_(4)triangular pyramid with a Cu(Ⅰ)atom not only gives rise to beyond 100-fold boosting of photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),but also leads to more pronounced optically chiral activity of alloy clusters in excited states in view of the larger photoluminescence dissymmetry factors(g_(PL))of R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(-3.5×10^(-3)/3.4×10^(-3))than that of R/S-Ag_(4)(-2.7×10^(-3)/2.6×10^(-3)).Furthermore,compared with chiral homometallic clusters R/S-Cu_(4)([Cu_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4))with the same TADF characteristic at ambient temperature,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu manifests 1.7-fold PLQY and 6-fold g_(PL)due to faster reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)and more effective coupling of electric and magnetic transition moments in alloy clusters.This work not only presents a typical example of selective heterometal doping to modulate excited-state properties of isostructural metal clusters,but also gets deeper insight into the doping chemistry of dissimilar metals at the molecular level.展开更多
Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported ...Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported bi-layer Pt clusters(Pt_(n)/CeO_(2))via a deposition-reduction strategy,with Pt cluster sizes ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 nm(9–30 atoms).Through combined aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)imaging,quantitative STEM simulations,and X-ray fine structure(XAFS)analysis,we reveal the bi-layer configuration featuring coordinatively unsaturated Pt^(0) sites on the top layer while maintaining Pt-CeO_(2)interfacial bonding at the bottom.When applied to anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation,Pt_(n)/CeO_(2)achieves 99.9%silane conversion with a mass-specific activity 2.0×and 8.8×higher than single-atom site(Pt_(1)/CeO_(2))and nanoparticle(Pt_(NP)/CeO_(2))counterparts,respectively.The bi-layer structure endows exceptional cycling stability and anti-leaching properties.This work establishes a multi-scale characterization paradigm to resolve atomic-precision structures of supported clusters,opening avenues for designing robust catalysts with tailored metal-oxide interfaces.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequen...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.展开更多
Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to p...Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as...Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintill...Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving ...In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.展开更多
Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integr...Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.展开更多
Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL ...Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.展开更多
Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role...Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.展开更多
Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金supported by Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Science and Technology Development Fund Project(NO.XHMS202404)Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Fund Project(GBX22289).
文摘Objectives:Although standardized residency trainees are at high risk for depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation,the psychological pathways connecting depression and anxiety to suicidal ideation,especially the moderating role of resilience,remain elusive.This study aimed to examine the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation among physicians undergoing standardized residency training,and to investigate the moderating roles of different dimensions of individual resilience,namely tenacity,strength,and optimism.Methods:A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 133 resident physicians.Validated instruments assessing individual resilience,depressive symptoms,anxiety levels,and suicidal ideation were administered.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships among the variables.Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating roles of tenacity,strength,and optimism in the associations between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.Results:Depressive symptoms and anxiety levels were both positively associated with suicidal ideation(p<0.001).All three resilience dimensions were negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(tenacity:r=−0.504,strength:r=−0.477,optimism:r=−0.440,all p<0.001).Tenacity,strength,and optimism significantly moderated the associations between depression and suicidal ideation(all p<0.05).When resilience levels in these dimensions were high,the associations between depression and suicidal ideation were weaker.Strength and optimism also moderated the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation(strength:p=0.028,optimism:p=0.028).When the resiliences(strength and optimism)were high,the associations between anxiety and suicidal ideation were weaker.Conclusion:Individual resilience,particularly in the dimensions of tenacity,strength,and optimism,may serve as protective correlates for physicians in training,being associated with weaker relationships between depression,anxiety,and suicidal ideation.These findings highlight the potential value of resilience-enhancing strategies in clinical training settings,although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.
基金supported by the Major Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Science of Guangdong Province(GD23ZD17)the Humanities and Social Sciences Program of the Ministry of Education(23YJA190006)+3 种基金the Ministry of Education(MOE)Major Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research(2025JZDZ024)the MOE Project of the Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Universities(22JJD190008)a grant from the Research Center for Brain Cognition and Human Development of Guangdong(2024B0303390003)the Psychological Services and Counseling Base for the Happy Guangzhou Project.
文摘Background:Exposure to environmental vulnerability poses significant threats to adolescent suicidal ideation,while individual resilience can mitigate these adverse effects with notable gender commonalities and differences.However,research examining how these factors co-configure at the individual level remains limited,particularly from a gender-specific perspective.Thus,the present study aims to adopt a person-centered analytic approach to identify gender-specific configurations of environmental vulnerability and individual resilience associated with suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents.Methods:Data were collected from 2616 Chinese primary and secondary school students(aged 10–17;1223 girls).Participants completed validated scales measuring environmental vulnerability,individual resilience,and suicidal ideation.Latent profile analysis(LPA)was conducted separately by gender.Results:Gender differences were prominent:males exhibited higher resilience and lower suicidal ideation,while females reported higher environmental vulnerability and elevated levels of suicidal ideation.LPA identified three distinct profiles for males:Low Vulnerable–High Protective–Low Risk(LHL),Medium Vulnerable–Low Protective–Low Risk(MLL),and High Vulnerable–Low Protective–High Risk(HLH).Four profiles emerged for females:LHL,MLL,Medium Vulnerable–Low Protective–Medium Risk(MLM),and HLH.Crucially,within the HLH profile,males exhibited particularly deficient humor(η^(2)=0.19)and confidence(η^(2)=0.16),while females formed a distinct subgroup characterized by severe academic and family stressors(η^(2)=0.30–0.36).Conclusion:The study underscores developing gender-specific mental health interventions using a nuanced,person-centered approach that considers both environmental risk and individual resilience factors,which allows for targeted suicide prevention strategies addressing the unique needs of male and female adolescents.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
文摘Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
文摘In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.
基金Supported by Xuhui District Health Commission,No.SHXH202214.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92061202,21531008,22175181)the Fujian Province Science and Technology Project Program(2022H0041)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH11)。
文摘Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteristics and customizing optical properties.In this work,we achieved the precise synthesis of isostructural alloy clusters R/S-Ag_(3)Cu([Ag_(3)Cu(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4),R/S-IPTT=R/S-4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thiolate,tppm=tris(diphenylphosphino)methane)in high yield(89%-91%)through selective doping of a Cu(Ⅰ)atom into chiral homometallic cluster enantiomers R/S-Ag_(4)([Ag_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4)).In stark contrast to R/S-Ag_(4)(Φ_(em)<0.5%)that displays weak circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)with phosphorescence characteristic,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(Φ_(em)≈70%)demonstrates strong CPL properties featured with thermally activated delay fluorescence(TADF)at ambient temperature.The selective substitution of the apical Ag(Ⅰ)atom in Ag_(4)triangular pyramid with a Cu(Ⅰ)atom not only gives rise to beyond 100-fold boosting of photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),but also leads to more pronounced optically chiral activity of alloy clusters in excited states in view of the larger photoluminescence dissymmetry factors(g_(PL))of R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(-3.5×10^(-3)/3.4×10^(-3))than that of R/S-Ag_(4)(-2.7×10^(-3)/2.6×10^(-3)).Furthermore,compared with chiral homometallic clusters R/S-Cu_(4)([Cu_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4))with the same TADF characteristic at ambient temperature,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu manifests 1.7-fold PLQY and 6-fold g_(PL)due to faster reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)and more effective coupling of electric and magnetic transition moments in alloy clusters.This work not only presents a typical example of selective heterometal doping to modulate excited-state properties of isostructural metal clusters,but also gets deeper insight into the doping chemistry of dissimilar metals at the molecular level.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1500500)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-051)+9 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(21925204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22302185,22221003,22250007,22361162655)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK9990000167)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2022HSC-CIP004)the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2022012)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085QB53)the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-01)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(123GJHZ2022101GC)support from the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported bi-layer Pt clusters(Pt_(n)/CeO_(2))via a deposition-reduction strategy,with Pt cluster sizes ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 nm(9–30 atoms).Through combined aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)imaging,quantitative STEM simulations,and X-ray fine structure(XAFS)analysis,we reveal the bi-layer configuration featuring coordinatively unsaturated Pt^(0) sites on the top layer while maintaining Pt-CeO_(2)interfacial bonding at the bottom.When applied to anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation,Pt_(n)/CeO_(2)achieves 99.9%silane conversion with a mass-specific activity 2.0×and 8.8×higher than single-atom site(Pt_(1)/CeO_(2))and nanoparticle(Pt_(NP)/CeO_(2))counterparts,respectively.The bi-layer structure endows exceptional cycling stability and anti-leaching properties.This work establishes a multi-scale characterization paradigm to resolve atomic-precision structures of supported clusters,opening avenues for designing robust catalysts with tailored metal-oxide interfaces.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.
基金supported by the Specific Research Fund for Top-notch Talents of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2022KT1188).
文摘Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
文摘Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.
文摘In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72571150)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.9182015)。
文摘Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471268)the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1503900)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1170000)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J05090,2024T3003)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ08).
文摘Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.
基金funded by grants from the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies(FRQNT)to NJthe Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestrythe Ontario Ministry of Environment,Conservation and Parks,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada to DMG.
文摘Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
