Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–di...Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–discharge cycles and fixed-form physical constraints,which limit adaptability to different chemistries and real-world conditions.To address these issues,this study proposes an approach that extracts features from segmented state of charge(SOC)intervals and integrates them into an enhanced physics-informed neural network(PINN).Specifically,voltage data within the 25%–75%SOC range during charging are used to derive statistical,time–frequency,and mechanism-based features that capture degradation trends.A hybrid PINN-Lasso-Transformer-BiLSTM architecture is developed,where Lasso regression enables sparse feature selection,and a nonlinear empirical degradation model is embedded as a learnable physical term within a dynamically scaled composite loss.This design adaptively balances data-driven accuracy with physical consistency,thereby enhancing estimation precision,robustness,and generalization.The results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional neural networks across four battery chemistries,achieving root mean square error and mean absolute error below 1%.Notably,features from partial charging segments exhibit higher robustness than those from full cycles.Furthermore,the model maintains strong performance under high temperatures and demonstrates excellent generalization capacity in transfer learning across chemistries,temperatures,and C-rates.This work establishes a scalable and interpretable solution for accurate SOH estimation under diverse practical operating conditions.展开更多
Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphys...Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic material...Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].展开更多
Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further...In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.展开更多
Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteris...Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteristics and customizing optical properties.In this work,we achieved the precise synthesis of isostructural alloy clusters R/S-Ag_(3)Cu([Ag_(3)Cu(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4),R/S-IPTT=R/S-4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thiolate,tppm=tris(diphenylphosphino)methane)in high yield(89%-91%)through selective doping of a Cu(Ⅰ)atom into chiral homometallic cluster enantiomers R/S-Ag_(4)([Ag_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4)).In stark contrast to R/S-Ag_(4)(Φ_(em)<0.5%)that displays weak circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)with phosphorescence characteristic,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(Φ_(em)≈70%)demonstrates strong CPL properties featured with thermally activated delay fluorescence(TADF)at ambient temperature.The selective substitution of the apical Ag(Ⅰ)atom in Ag_(4)triangular pyramid with a Cu(Ⅰ)atom not only gives rise to beyond 100-fold boosting of photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),but also leads to more pronounced optically chiral activity of alloy clusters in excited states in view of the larger photoluminescence dissymmetry factors(g_(PL))of R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(-3.5×10^(-3)/3.4×10^(-3))than that of R/S-Ag_(4)(-2.7×10^(-3)/2.6×10^(-3)).Furthermore,compared with chiral homometallic clusters R/S-Cu_(4)([Cu_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4))with the same TADF characteristic at ambient temperature,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu manifests 1.7-fold PLQY and 6-fold g_(PL)due to faster reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)and more effective coupling of electric and magnetic transition moments in alloy clusters.This work not only presents a typical example of selective heterometal doping to modulate excited-state properties of isostructural metal clusters,but also gets deeper insight into the doping chemistry of dissimilar metals at the molecular level.展开更多
Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determ...Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determined not only by the decay rate of the amplitude decay channel but also by the coefficients of the initial quadratic state.Further,the quantum statistical properties of the initial quadratic state for amplitude decay are investigated via its average photon number and photon-counting distribution,and its Wigner distribution function evolution is discussed in detail.展开更多
Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported ...Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported bi-layer Pt clusters(Pt_(n)/CeO_(2))via a deposition-reduction strategy,with Pt cluster sizes ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 nm(9–30 atoms).Through combined aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)imaging,quantitative STEM simulations,and X-ray fine structure(XAFS)analysis,we reveal the bi-layer configuration featuring coordinatively unsaturated Pt^(0) sites on the top layer while maintaining Pt-CeO_(2)interfacial bonding at the bottom.When applied to anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation,Pt_(n)/CeO_(2)achieves 99.9%silane conversion with a mass-specific activity 2.0×and 8.8×higher than single-atom site(Pt_(1)/CeO_(2))and nanoparticle(Pt_(NP)/CeO_(2))counterparts,respectively.The bi-layer structure endows exceptional cycling stability and anti-leaching properties.This work establishes a multi-scale characterization paradigm to resolve atomic-precision structures of supported clusters,opening avenues for designing robust catalysts with tailored metal-oxide interfaces.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for ...BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.展开更多
As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This su...As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This survey plans to obtain the spectroscopic parameters such as radial velocity and metal abundances of member stars and provide data support for further study on the chemical and dynamical characteristics and evolution of open clusters in combination with Gaia data.We have completed the observations on ten open cluster fields and obtained 235184 medium-resolution spectra of 133792 stars.Based on the data analyzed of LAMOST DR11v1.1,for some clusters of particular concern,it is found that the sampling ratio of members stars with Gmag<15 mag can reach 70%,which indicates that the LAMOST-MRS-O has reached our initial design goal.展开更多
Recent studies have increasingly identified extended main sequence turn-off(e MSTO)phenomena in Galactic open clusters,yet the number of such clusters with sufficient spectroscopic information for member stars remains...Recent studies have increasingly identified extended main sequence turn-off(e MSTO)phenomena in Galactic open clusters,yet the number of such clusters with sufficient spectroscopic information for member stars remains limited.Unlike most studies that rely on fitting isochrones based on color–magnitude diagram(CMD)morphology to account for varying rotational velocities,our approach leverages LAMOST spectral data to compute actual rotational velocity distributions for confirmed cluster members,along with parameters such as metallicity,differential extinction,and rotational inclination,to utilize PARSEC isochrones for fitting the cluster CMDs.We systematically surveyed all known Galactic open clusters and selected 12 clusters where rotational velocity distributions could be reliably calculated for detailed fitting.Our results successfully reproduced the eMSTO phenomenon observed in these clusters.For the majority of clusters,considering only differential extinction and variations in rotational velocity adequately explains the position and morphology of the MSTO.For some intermediate-age clusters,incorporating rotational inclination additionally accounts for the broadening of the MSTO.This study underscores the importance of spectroscopic data in understanding eMSTO phenomena and provides a probable explanation for interpreting the combined effects of differential extinction,rotation,and inclination on the CMDs of Galactic open clusters.展开更多
Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to p...Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.展开更多
Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN model...Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.展开更多
The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical...The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution.In this study,we derive the abundances of oxygen(O),magnesium(Mg),silicon(Si),calcium(Ca),and titanium(Ti)for over 6.8 million stars using LAMOST DR11 low-resolution spectra.To ensure reliable measurements,we select 760 open clusters spanning a broad range of ages and apply Monte Carlo sampling for accurate abundance estimates.Additionally,we utilize over 30,000 stars from the GALAH DR4 catalog to train an XGBoost model for extractingα-element abundances from LAMOST DR11 spectra.Bayesian linear regression is employed to analyze the compositional distribution across the Galactic disk and infer chemical gradients as a function of Galactocentric distance.Our results indicate a general increase in chemical abundances with Galactocentric distance,with oxygen showing the steepest gradient.Our results confirm the overall increase ofα-element abundances with Galactocentric distance,consistent with previous studies,while minor discrepancies in Mg,Ca,and Ti gradients likely arise from differences in sample selection,observational sensitivity,or Galactic enrichment processes.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited t...Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.展开更多
Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as...Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金supported by the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22T01400100-18)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278127 and 12447149)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH004)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20250159).
文摘Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–discharge cycles and fixed-form physical constraints,which limit adaptability to different chemistries and real-world conditions.To address these issues,this study proposes an approach that extracts features from segmented state of charge(SOC)intervals and integrates them into an enhanced physics-informed neural network(PINN).Specifically,voltage data within the 25%–75%SOC range during charging are used to derive statistical,time–frequency,and mechanism-based features that capture degradation trends.A hybrid PINN-Lasso-Transformer-BiLSTM architecture is developed,where Lasso regression enables sparse feature selection,and a nonlinear empirical degradation model is embedded as a learnable physical term within a dynamically scaled composite loss.This design adaptively balances data-driven accuracy with physical consistency,thereby enhancing estimation precision,robustness,and generalization.The results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional neural networks across four battery chemistries,achieving root mean square error and mean absolute error below 1%.Notably,features from partial charging segments exhibit higher robustness than those from full cycles.Furthermore,the model maintains strong performance under high temperatures and demonstrates excellent generalization capacity in transfer learning across chemistries,temperatures,and C-rates.This work establishes a scalable and interpretable solution for accurate SOH estimation under diverse practical operating conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375153,42105153,42205157)Development of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ038)。
文摘Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
文摘Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].
文摘Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
文摘In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92061202,21531008,22175181)the Fujian Province Science and Technology Project Program(2022H0041)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH11)。
文摘Precise heterometal doping or substitution of specific metal sites in isostructural metal clusters remains a formidable synthetic challenge,despite its transformative potential for modulating excited-state characteristics and customizing optical properties.In this work,we achieved the precise synthesis of isostructural alloy clusters R/S-Ag_(3)Cu([Ag_(3)Cu(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4),R/S-IPTT=R/S-4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thiolate,tppm=tris(diphenylphosphino)methane)in high yield(89%-91%)through selective doping of a Cu(Ⅰ)atom into chiral homometallic cluster enantiomers R/S-Ag_(4)([Ag_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4)).In stark contrast to R/S-Ag_(4)(Φ_(em)<0.5%)that displays weak circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)with phosphorescence characteristic,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(Φ_(em)≈70%)demonstrates strong CPL properties featured with thermally activated delay fluorescence(TADF)at ambient temperature.The selective substitution of the apical Ag(Ⅰ)atom in Ag_(4)triangular pyramid with a Cu(Ⅰ)atom not only gives rise to beyond 100-fold boosting of photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),but also leads to more pronounced optically chiral activity of alloy clusters in excited states in view of the larger photoluminescence dissymmetry factors(g_(PL))of R/S-Ag_(3)Cu(-3.5×10^(-3)/3.4×10^(-3))than that of R/S-Ag_(4)(-2.7×10^(-3)/2.6×10^(-3)).Furthermore,compared with chiral homometallic clusters R/S-Cu_(4)([Cu_(4)(tppm)(R/S-IPTT)]ClO_(4))with the same TADF characteristic at ambient temperature,R/S-Ag_(3)Cu manifests 1.7-fold PLQY and 6-fold g_(PL)due to faster reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)and more effective coupling of electric and magnetic transition moments in alloy clusters.This work not only presents a typical example of selective heterometal doping to modulate excited-state properties of isostructural metal clusters,but also gets deeper insight into the doping chemistry of dissimilar metals at the molecular level.
文摘Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determined not only by the decay rate of the amplitude decay channel but also by the coefficients of the initial quadratic state.Further,the quantum statistical properties of the initial quadratic state for amplitude decay are investigated via its average photon number and photon-counting distribution,and its Wigner distribution function evolution is discussed in detail.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1500500)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-051)+9 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(21925204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22302185,22221003,22250007,22361162655)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK9990000167)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2022HSC-CIP004)the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2022012)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085QB53)the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-01)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(123GJHZ2022101GC)support from the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Precisely identifying the atomic structure of reducible oxide-supported metal clusters remains challenging yet critical for understanding their catalytic behavior.Herein,we report the preparation of CeO_(2)-supported bi-layer Pt clusters(Pt_(n)/CeO_(2))via a deposition-reduction strategy,with Pt cluster sizes ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 nm(9–30 atoms).Through combined aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)imaging,quantitative STEM simulations,and X-ray fine structure(XAFS)analysis,we reveal the bi-layer configuration featuring coordinatively unsaturated Pt^(0) sites on the top layer while maintaining Pt-CeO_(2)interfacial bonding at the bottom.When applied to anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation,Pt_(n)/CeO_(2)achieves 99.9%silane conversion with a mass-specific activity 2.0×and 8.8×higher than single-atom site(Pt_(1)/CeO_(2))and nanoparticle(Pt_(NP)/CeO_(2))counterparts,respectively.The bi-layer structure endows exceptional cycling stability and anti-leaching properties.This work establishes a multi-scale characterization paradigm to resolve atomic-precision structures of supported clusters,opening avenues for designing robust catalysts with tailored metal-oxide interfaces.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)through grants 12090040,12090042,and 12073060the National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFA0405501+2 种基金J.Z.acknowledges the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASthe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grant No.22dz1202400)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader。
文摘As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This survey plans to obtain the spectroscopic parameters such as radial velocity and metal abundances of member stars and provide data support for further study on the chemical and dynamical characteristics and evolution of open clusters in combination with Gaia data.We have completed the observations on ten open cluster fields and obtained 235184 medium-resolution spectra of 133792 stars.Based on the data analyzed of LAMOST DR11v1.1,for some clusters of particular concern,it is found that the sampling ratio of members stars with Gmag<15 mag can reach 70%,which indicates that the LAMOST-MRS-O has reached our initial design goal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.12261141689。
文摘Recent studies have increasingly identified extended main sequence turn-off(e MSTO)phenomena in Galactic open clusters,yet the number of such clusters with sufficient spectroscopic information for member stars remains limited.Unlike most studies that rely on fitting isochrones based on color–magnitude diagram(CMD)morphology to account for varying rotational velocities,our approach leverages LAMOST spectral data to compute actual rotational velocity distributions for confirmed cluster members,along with parameters such as metallicity,differential extinction,and rotational inclination,to utilize PARSEC isochrones for fitting the cluster CMDs.We systematically surveyed all known Galactic open clusters and selected 12 clusters where rotational velocity distributions could be reliably calculated for detailed fitting.Our results successfully reproduced the eMSTO phenomenon observed in these clusters.For the majority of clusters,considering only differential extinction and variations in rotational velocity adequately explains the position and morphology of the MSTO.For some intermediate-age clusters,incorporating rotational inclination additionally accounts for the broadening of the MSTO.This study underscores the importance of spectroscopic data in understanding eMSTO phenomena and provides a probable explanation for interpreting the combined effects of differential extinction,rotation,and inclination on the CMDs of Galactic open clusters.
基金supported by the Specific Research Fund for Top-notch Talents of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2022KT1188).
文摘Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.
基金funded by Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology Sydney.Moreover,Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-14)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,under Project ORF-2025-。
文摘Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under program Nos.12090040,12090043,12473031,and 12003025as well as the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(No.202401AT070142)+2 种基金the International Center of Supernovae,Yunnan Key Laboratory(No.202302AN360001)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.202201BC070003)the support of the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under grant Nos.GZC20240124 and 2024M760242.
文摘The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar parameters but lacks detailed abundance measurements forα-elements,which are crucial for understanding stellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution.In this study,we derive the abundances of oxygen(O),magnesium(Mg),silicon(Si),calcium(Ca),and titanium(Ti)for over 6.8 million stars using LAMOST DR11 low-resolution spectra.To ensure reliable measurements,we select 760 open clusters spanning a broad range of ages and apply Monte Carlo sampling for accurate abundance estimates.Additionally,we utilize over 30,000 stars from the GALAH DR4 catalog to train an XGBoost model for extractingα-element abundances from LAMOST DR11 spectra.Bayesian linear regression is employed to analyze the compositional distribution across the Galactic disk and infer chemical gradients as a function of Galactocentric distance.Our results indicate a general increase in chemical abundances with Galactocentric distance,with oxygen showing the steepest gradient.Our results confirm the overall increase ofα-element abundances with Galactocentric distance,consistent with previous studies,while minor discrepancies in Mg,Ca,and Ti gradients likely arise from differences in sample selection,observational sensitivity,or Galactic enrichment processes.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
文摘Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.
文摘Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.
