Using the spatial coordinates of detection stations and the time of arrival of lightning wave, the observation equations can be expressed. For the large lightning detection network, the least square method is used to ...Using the spatial coordinates of detection stations and the time of arrival of lightning wave, the observation equations can be expressed. For the large lightning detection network, the least square method is used to process the adjustment of observation data to find the most probable value of lightning position, and the result is assessed by the mean error and dilution of precision. Lightning location precision is affected by figure factor. The conclusion can be used in the design of location network, data processing, and data analysis.展开更多
Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flash discharge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses (LBP)of the radiation fields whic...Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flash discharge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses (LBP)of the radiation fields which are classified into four types according to their waveshapes and polarities of initial peak.Either positive or negative pulse contains two kinds of waveshapes:one with a smooth rise and the other with 2 or 3 fast-rising pulse superimposed on the initial half cycle. The pulse waveshape characteristics in both time and frequency domains are as follows.Among 2908 samples there are 45% of the positive polarity and 55% of the negative polarity.The positive pulses tend to have distinctly smaller values than negative pulses in rise time,half width and zero- crossing time of the initial peak.The peaks of positive pulse spectra tend to occur at a higher frequency than those of negative pulses.Despite differences above,positive and negative pulses have a similar total duration.展开更多
The electrical characteristics of thunderstorms in three different altitude regions of the Chinese inland plateau have been analyzed in this paper. The results show, according to the polarity of the surface electric ...The electrical characteristics of thunderstorms in three different altitude regions of the Chinese inland plateau have been analyzed in this paper. The results show, according to the polarity of the surface electric （E） field, that the thunderstorms can be divided into two categories in the study regions： one showing the normal tripole electrical charge structure （normal-type）, and the other showing the special tripole charge structure with a larger-than-usual lower positive charge center （LPCC） at the base of thunderstorm （special-type）, where the induced surface E field is controlled by the LPCC when a thunderstorm is overhead. We find that the two types of thunderstorms have different occurrences in different regions, and the percentage of special-type thunderstorms increases with the altitude. On the whole, the flash rate of thunderstorms is quite low, and the mean value is about 1-3 fl/min, while the flash rate of special-type is slightly greater than that of the normal-type thunderstorm. The statistical results of cloud-to-ground flash （CG） numbers indicate that the ratio of ＋CG flash increases with the altitude, with the value about 14.7 percent through 25.4 percent.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2008BAC36B00)
文摘Using the spatial coordinates of detection stations and the time of arrival of lightning wave, the observation equations can be expressed. For the large lightning detection network, the least square method is used to process the adjustment of observation data to find the most probable value of lightning position, and the result is assessed by the mean error and dilution of precision. Lightning location precision is affected by figure factor. The conclusion can be used in the design of location network, data processing, and data analysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Observations show that the sequences of microsecond-scale pulses are produced in cloud flash discharge processes.In the present work we report on measurements of larger bipolar pulses (LBP)of the radiation fields which are classified into four types according to their waveshapes and polarities of initial peak.Either positive or negative pulse contains two kinds of waveshapes:one with a smooth rise and the other with 2 or 3 fast-rising pulse superimposed on the initial half cycle. The pulse waveshape characteristics in both time and frequency domains are as follows.Among 2908 samples there are 45% of the positive polarity and 55% of the negative polarity.The positive pulses tend to have distinctly smaller values than negative pulses in rise time,half width and zero- crossing time of the initial peak.The peaks of positive pulse spectra tend to occur at a higher frequency than those of negative pulses.Despite differences above,positive and negative pulses have a similar total duration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40905001, 40775004)the Main Direction Program of the Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-206)
文摘The electrical characteristics of thunderstorms in three different altitude regions of the Chinese inland plateau have been analyzed in this paper. The results show, according to the polarity of the surface electric （E） field, that the thunderstorms can be divided into two categories in the study regions： one showing the normal tripole electrical charge structure （normal-type）, and the other showing the special tripole charge structure with a larger-than-usual lower positive charge center （LPCC） at the base of thunderstorm （special-type）, where the induced surface E field is controlled by the LPCC when a thunderstorm is overhead. We find that the two types of thunderstorms have different occurrences in different regions, and the percentage of special-type thunderstorms increases with the altitude. On the whole, the flash rate of thunderstorms is quite low, and the mean value is about 1-3 fl/min, while the flash rate of special-type is slightly greater than that of the normal-type thunderstorm. The statistical results of cloud-to-ground flash （CG） numbers indicate that the ratio of ＋CG flash increases with the altitude, with the value about 14.7 percent through 25.4 percent.
