BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills ...BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills in children and the necessity for consistent involvement of a caregiver.With the rise of digital healthcare and the need for innovative interventions,Internet-based models can potentially offer relatively more efficient and patient-tailored care,especially in children.AIM To explore the impact of an intelligent Internet care model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test(TRACK)on asthma management in preschool children.METHODS The study group comprised preschoolers,aged 5 years or younger,that visited the hospital's pediatric outpatient and emergency departments between January 2021 and January 2022.Total of 200 children were evenly and randomly divided into the observation and control groups.The control group received standard treatment in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma and the Global Initiative on Asthma.In addition to above treatment,the observation group was introduced to an intelligent internet nursing model,emphasizing the TRACK scale.Key measures monitored over a six-month period included the frequency of asthma attack,emergency visits,pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF),monthly TRACK scores,and the SF-12 quality of life assessment.Post-intervention asthma control rates were assessed at six-month follow-up.RESULTS The observation group had fewer asthma attacks and emergency room visits than the control group(P<0.05).After six months of treatment,the children in both groups had higher FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups(P<0.05).For six months,children in the observation group had a higher monthly TRACK score than those in the control group(P<0.05).The PCS and MCSSF-12 quality of life scores were relatively higher than those before the nursing period(P<0.05).Furthermore,the groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The asthma control rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TRACK based Intelligent Internet nursing model may reduce asthma attacks and emergency visits in asthmatic children,improve lung function,quality of life,and the TRACK score and asthma control rate.The effect of nursing was significant,allowing for development of an asthma management model.展开更多
This paper explores the model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched linear systems under arbitrary switching with no need for the measurability of the system state.Based on the state of reference ...This paper explores the model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched linear systems under arbitrary switching with no need for the measurability of the system state.Based on the state of reference model and the measurable output error, adaptive laws and controllers are designed for switched systems.Each subsystem may have its individual reference model and controller, which increases the design flexibility.The introduction of the closed-loop reference model is to get a better transient performance of the whole switched systems.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the main results.展开更多
The present paper describes the theoretical treatment performed for the geometrical optimization of advanced and improved-shape waveforms as airways pressure excitation for controlled breathings in dual-controlled ven...The present paper describes the theoretical treatment performed for the geometrical optimization of advanced and improved-shape waveforms as airways pressure excitation for controlled breathings in dual-controlled ventilation applied to anaesthetized or severe brain injured patients, the respiratory mechanics of which can be assumed linear. Advanced means insensitive to patient breathing activity as well as to ventilator settings while improved-shape intends in comparison to conventional square waveform for a progressive approaching towards physiological transpulmonary pressure and respiratory airflow waveforms. Such functional features along with the best ventilation control for the specific therapeutic requirements of each patient can be achieved through the implementation of both diagnostic and compensation procedures effectively carried out by the Advance Lung Ventilation System (ALVS) already successfully tested for square waveform as airways pressure excitation. Triangular and trapezoidal waveforms have been considered as airways pressure excitation. The results shows that the latter fits completely the requirements for a physiological pattern of endoalveolar pressure and respiratory airflow waveforms, while the former exhibits a lower physiological behaviour but it is anyhow periodically recommended for performing adequately the powerful diagnostic procedure.展开更多
Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop...Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.展开更多
To reach an acceptable controller strategy and tuning it is important to state what is considered “good”. To do so one can set up a closed-loop specification or formulate an optimal control problem. It is an interes...To reach an acceptable controller strategy and tuning it is important to state what is considered “good”. To do so one can set up a closed-loop specification or formulate an optimal control problem. It is an interesting question, if the two can be equivalent or not. In this article two controller strategies, model predictive control (MPC) and constrained direct inversion (CDI) are compared in controlling the model of a pilot-scale water heater. Simulation experiments show that the two methods are similar, if the manipulator movements are not punished much in MPC, and they act practically the same when a filtered reference signal is applied. Even if the same model is used, it is still important to choose tuning parameters appropriately to achieve similar results in both strategies. CDI uses an analytic approach, while MPC uses numeric optimization, thus CDI is more computationally efficient, and can be used either as a standalone controller or to supplement numeric optimization.展开更多
In the synthesis of the control algorithm for complex systems, we are often faced with imprecise or unknown mathematical models of the dynamical systems, or even with problems in finding a mathematical model of the sy...In the synthesis of the control algorithm for complex systems, we are often faced with imprecise or unknown mathematical models of the dynamical systems, or even with problems in finding a mathematical model of the system in the open loop. To tackle these difficulties, an approach of data-driven model identification and control algorithm design based on the maximum stability degree criterion is proposed in this paper. The data-driven model identification procedure supposes the finding of the mathematical model of the system based on the undamped transient response of the closed-loop system. The system is approximated with the inertial model, where the coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient, oscillation amplitude and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system. The data driven control design supposes that the tuning parameters of the controller are calculated based on the parameters obtained from the previous step of system identification and there are presented the expressions for the calculation of the tuning parameters. The obtained results of data-driven model identification and algorithm for synthesis the controller were verified by computer simulation.展开更多
Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the s...Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.展开更多
A new control strategy based on nonlinear unscented Kalman filter(UKF) is proposed for a neural mass model that serves as a model for simulating real epileptiform stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals. The UKF...A new control strategy based on nonlinear unscented Kalman filter(UKF) is proposed for a neural mass model that serves as a model for simulating real epileptiform stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals. The UKF is used as an observer to estimate the state from the noisy measurement because it has been proved to be effective for state estimation of nonlinear systems. A UKF controller is constructed via the estimated state and is illustrated to be effective for epileptiform spikes suppression of aforementioned model by numerical simulations.展开更多
Denurcioslu et al. presented a method named continuous-time general-ized predictive control(CGPC) in 1991, which is obtained on the basis of the mini-mization of a quadratic cost function. However, In engineering prac...Denurcioslu et al. presented a method named continuous-time general-ized predictive control(CGPC) in 1991, which is obtained on the basis of the mini-mization of a quadratic cost function. However, In engineering practice, the behav-ior of a control system is generally evaluated by observing its dynamic response con-cerned mainly with the clused-loup poles uf the system. A CGPC algorithm withclosed-loop pole-placement is propused in this paper which advances the results byDemircioglu et al.展开更多
为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基...为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基于有序Logistic模型方法,以显著相关的呼吸参数为自变量,5类不同严重程度的脑力和体力管制工作负荷为因变量,构建脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型并进行似然比和拟合优度检验。进一步,绘制ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线,检验预测模型的性能;最后,使用交叉表评价方法预测模型的准确率。结果表明:呼吸参数中,呼吸周期与脑力负荷显著相关,呼吸周期、呼吸幅值和吸呼比与体力负荷显著相关。在0.05的显著性水平下,构建的脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型拟合效果良好,整体AUC(Area Under Curve)分别为0.679和0.753,模型均具有一定的检测性能。交叉表评价结果表明,模型对脑力和体力负荷中的高负荷状态预测效果最好,准确率分别高达88.9%和83.3%。本文研究结果能够为基于呼吸参数的管制工作负荷监测提供一定参考价值。展开更多
A dynamic marine propeller simulation system was developed, which is utilized for meeting the experimental requirement of theory research and engineering design of marine electric propulsion system. By applying an act...A dynamic marine propeller simulation system was developed, which is utilized for meeting the experimental requirement of theory research and engineering design of marine electric propulsion system. By applying an actual ship parameter and its accurate propeller J＇ -KT＇ and J＇ - Kp＇ curve data, functional experiments based on the simulation system were carried out. The experiment results showed that the system can correctly emulate the propeller characteristics, produce the dynamic and steady performances of the propeller under different navigation modes, and present actual load torque for electric propulsion motor.展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the open lung concept(OLC)using artificial intelligence.In addition,mean arterial blood pressure...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the open lung concept(OLC)using artificial intelligence.In addition,mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated noradrenaline(NA)dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Design/methodology/approach–The aim is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the OLC using artificial intelligence.In addition,MAP is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated NA dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with ARDS.Findings–Thisinnovativeclosed-loop mechanicalventilation system leadsto a significant improvement in oxygenation,regulates end-tidal carbon dioxide for appropriate gas exchange and stabilizes MAP to guarantee proper systemic perfusion during the ventilation therapy.Research limitations/implications–Currently,this automatic ventilation system based on the OLC can only be applied in animal trials;for clinical use,such a system generally requires a mechanical ventilator and sensors with medical approval for humans.Practical implications–For implementation of a closed-loop ventilation system,reliable signals from the sensors are a prerequisite for successful application.Originality/value–Theexperiment with porcine dynamics demonstrates thefeasibility and usefulness of this automatic closed-loop ventilation therapy,with hemodynamic control for severe ARDS.Moreover,this pilot study validated a new algorithm for implementation of the OLC,whereby all control objectives are fulfilled during the ventilation therapy with adequate hemodynamic control of patients with ARDS.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Songjiang District,No.2020SJ340.
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills in children and the necessity for consistent involvement of a caregiver.With the rise of digital healthcare and the need for innovative interventions,Internet-based models can potentially offer relatively more efficient and patient-tailored care,especially in children.AIM To explore the impact of an intelligent Internet care model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test(TRACK)on asthma management in preschool children.METHODS The study group comprised preschoolers,aged 5 years or younger,that visited the hospital's pediatric outpatient and emergency departments between January 2021 and January 2022.Total of 200 children were evenly and randomly divided into the observation and control groups.The control group received standard treatment in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma and the Global Initiative on Asthma.In addition to above treatment,the observation group was introduced to an intelligent internet nursing model,emphasizing the TRACK scale.Key measures monitored over a six-month period included the frequency of asthma attack,emergency visits,pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF),monthly TRACK scores,and the SF-12 quality of life assessment.Post-intervention asthma control rates were assessed at six-month follow-up.RESULTS The observation group had fewer asthma attacks and emergency room visits than the control group(P<0.05).After six months of treatment,the children in both groups had higher FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups(P<0.05).For six months,children in the observation group had a higher monthly TRACK score than those in the control group(P<0.05).The PCS and MCSSF-12 quality of life scores were relatively higher than those before the nursing period(P<0.05).Furthermore,the groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The asthma control rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TRACK based Intelligent Internet nursing model may reduce asthma attacks and emergency visits in asthmatic children,improve lung function,quality of life,and the TRACK score and asthma control rate.The effect of nursing was significant,allowing for development of an asthma management model.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61233002)the 111 Project(Grant No.B16009)the IAPI Fundamental Research Funds(Grant No.2013ZCX03-01)
文摘This paper explores the model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched linear systems under arbitrary switching with no need for the measurability of the system state.Based on the state of reference model and the measurable output error, adaptive laws and controllers are designed for switched systems.Each subsystem may have its individual reference model and controller, which increases the design flexibility.The introduction of the closed-loop reference model is to get a better transient performance of the whole switched systems.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the main results.
文摘The present paper describes the theoretical treatment performed for the geometrical optimization of advanced and improved-shape waveforms as airways pressure excitation for controlled breathings in dual-controlled ventilation applied to anaesthetized or severe brain injured patients, the respiratory mechanics of which can be assumed linear. Advanced means insensitive to patient breathing activity as well as to ventilator settings while improved-shape intends in comparison to conventional square waveform for a progressive approaching towards physiological transpulmonary pressure and respiratory airflow waveforms. Such functional features along with the best ventilation control for the specific therapeutic requirements of each patient can be achieved through the implementation of both diagnostic and compensation procedures effectively carried out by the Advance Lung Ventilation System (ALVS) already successfully tested for square waveform as airways pressure excitation. Triangular and trapezoidal waveforms have been considered as airways pressure excitation. The results shows that the latter fits completely the requirements for a physiological pattern of endoalveolar pressure and respiratory airflow waveforms, while the former exhibits a lower physiological behaviour but it is anyhow periodically recommended for performing adequately the powerful diagnostic procedure.
文摘Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.
文摘To reach an acceptable controller strategy and tuning it is important to state what is considered “good”. To do so one can set up a closed-loop specification or formulate an optimal control problem. It is an interesting question, if the two can be equivalent or not. In this article two controller strategies, model predictive control (MPC) and constrained direct inversion (CDI) are compared in controlling the model of a pilot-scale water heater. Simulation experiments show that the two methods are similar, if the manipulator movements are not punished much in MPC, and they act practically the same when a filtered reference signal is applied. Even if the same model is used, it is still important to choose tuning parameters appropriately to achieve similar results in both strategies. CDI uses an analytic approach, while MPC uses numeric optimization, thus CDI is more computationally efficient, and can be used either as a standalone controller or to supplement numeric optimization.
文摘In the synthesis of the control algorithm for complex systems, we are often faced with imprecise or unknown mathematical models of the dynamical systems, or even with problems in finding a mathematical model of the system in the open loop. To tackle these difficulties, an approach of data-driven model identification and control algorithm design based on the maximum stability degree criterion is proposed in this paper. The data-driven model identification procedure supposes the finding of the mathematical model of the system based on the undamped transient response of the closed-loop system. The system is approximated with the inertial model, where the coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient, oscillation amplitude and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system. The data driven control design supposes that the tuning parameters of the controller are calculated based on the parameters obtained from the previous step of system identification and there are presented the expressions for the calculation of the tuning parameters. The obtained results of data-driven model identification and algorithm for synthesis the controller were verified by computer simulation.
基金supported by the Research Fund for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125701).
文摘Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61004050 and 60125019） and the Natural Science Foundation of Scientific Research of Hebei Education Department, China （Grant No. 2009482）.
文摘A new control strategy based on nonlinear unscented Kalman filter(UKF) is proposed for a neural mass model that serves as a model for simulating real epileptiform stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals. The UKF is used as an observer to estimate the state from the noisy measurement because it has been proved to be effective for state estimation of nonlinear systems. A UKF controller is constructed via the estimated state and is illustrated to be effective for epileptiform spikes suppression of aforementioned model by numerical simulations.
文摘Denurcioslu et al. presented a method named continuous-time general-ized predictive control(CGPC) in 1991, which is obtained on the basis of the mini-mization of a quadratic cost function. However, In engineering practice, the behav-ior of a control system is generally evaluated by observing its dynamic response con-cerned mainly with the clused-loup poles uf the system. A CGPC algorithm withclosed-loop pole-placement is propused in this paper which advances the results byDemircioglu et al.
文摘为探究人体呼吸参数与管制工作负荷的关系,本文选取27名被试开展模拟管制实验,对不同类型工作负荷下被试的呼吸参数进行采集分析。首先,根据Spearman秩相关系数计算结果,分别获取与脑力和体力管制工作负荷显著相关的呼吸参数。然后,基于有序Logistic模型方法,以显著相关的呼吸参数为自变量,5类不同严重程度的脑力和体力管制工作负荷为因变量,构建脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型并进行似然比和拟合优度检验。进一步,绘制ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线,检验预测模型的性能;最后,使用交叉表评价方法预测模型的准确率。结果表明:呼吸参数中,呼吸周期与脑力负荷显著相关,呼吸周期、呼吸幅值和吸呼比与体力负荷显著相关。在0.05的显著性水平下,构建的脑力负荷和体力负荷严重程度预测模型拟合效果良好,整体AUC(Area Under Curve)分别为0.679和0.753,模型均具有一定的检测性能。交叉表评价结果表明,模型对脑力和体力负荷中的高负荷状态预测效果最好,准确率分别高达88.9%和83.3%。本文研究结果能够为基于呼吸参数的管制工作负荷监测提供一定参考价值。
基金supported by the Fund of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(Grant No.11170501700)the International Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2012DFG71850)
文摘A dynamic marine propeller simulation system was developed, which is utilized for meeting the experimental requirement of theory research and engineering design of marine electric propulsion system. By applying an actual ship parameter and its accurate propeller J＇ -KT＇ and J＇ - Kp＇ curve data, functional experiments based on the simulation system were carried out. The experiment results showed that the system can correctly emulate the propeller characteristics, produce the dynamic and steady performances of the propeller under different navigation modes, and present actual load torque for electric propulsion motor.
基金Pulsion Medical Systems AG for the use of their pulse oximeter during the animal experiment conducted at the CharitéUniversity Hospital Berlin.
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the open lung concept(OLC)using artificial intelligence.In addition,mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated noradrenaline(NA)dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Design/methodology/approach–The aim is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the OLC using artificial intelligence.In addition,MAP is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated NA dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with ARDS.Findings–Thisinnovativeclosed-loop mechanicalventilation system leadsto a significant improvement in oxygenation,regulates end-tidal carbon dioxide for appropriate gas exchange and stabilizes MAP to guarantee proper systemic perfusion during the ventilation therapy.Research limitations/implications–Currently,this automatic ventilation system based on the OLC can only be applied in animal trials;for clinical use,such a system generally requires a mechanical ventilator and sensors with medical approval for humans.Practical implications–For implementation of a closed-loop ventilation system,reliable signals from the sensors are a prerequisite for successful application.Originality/value–Theexperiment with porcine dynamics demonstrates thefeasibility and usefulness of this automatic closed-loop ventilation therapy,with hemodynamic control for severe ARDS.Moreover,this pilot study validated a new algorithm for implementation of the OLC,whereby all control objectives are fulfilled during the ventilation therapy with adequate hemodynamic control of patients with ARDS.
