[Objective] The aim was to explore the differences of jujube growth by intercropping with cotton and mono-cropping and to research effects of three irrigation models and quantity on jujube. [Method] The field experime...[Objective] The aim was to explore the differences of jujube growth by intercropping with cotton and mono-cropping and to research effects of three irrigation models and quantity on jujube. [Method] The field experiment with three factors and two levels were applied for the study in order to research the effect of all treatments with the yield, quality, bearing branch, flower, fruit diameter of jujube. [Result]With different irrigation patterns, the result of comparing the length of bearing branch was drip irrigation furrow irrigation micro spray, and the result of comparing the number of bearing branch, the bud number, the flower number, fruit diameter was the same, as follows： drip irrigation microjet irrigation furrow irrigation; the result of comparing the yield was drip irrigation furrow irrigation microjet irrigation with significant differences. With different irrigation quantities, high irrigation water quantity treatment was proved higher than low irrigation quantity treatment in every survey index. [Conclusion] The analysis indicates that drip irrigation, microjet irrigation and furrow irrigation increased the irrigation water quantity can significantly promote the growth and the yield of jujube and the effects of the three kinds of irrigation patterns are drip irrigation furrow irrigation microjet irrigation.展开更多
The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI)...The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.展开更多
The paper analyzes the practical use of management mode of small-scale farmland irrigation works in China,and studies various problems existing in the present management mode.It puts forward a mode named Water-consume...The paper analyzes the practical use of management mode of small-scale farmland irrigation works in China,and studies various problems existing in the present management mode.It puts forward a mode named Water-consumer Association which is the most practical one at present.It points out some rules which must be mastered in solving problems appearing in using this mode.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber p...[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.展开更多
The pot experiment was designed to investigate therelationship between the senescence of hybrid riceand the irrigation mode and conducted during1984-1985.There were 30 pots for each treatmentand each pot contained 17....The pot experiment was designed to investigate therelationship between the senescence of hybrid riceand the irrigation mode and conducted during1984-1985.There were 30 pots for each treatmentand each pot contained 17.5 kg soil.Hybrid riceShanyou 6 was sown on 10 Jun ahd transplanted展开更多
Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried ...Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.展开更多
Using intersubspecific hybrid rice Xieyou 9308 and Liangyou Peijiu as the tested materials, the effects of differentirrigation patterns on transportation and allocation of carbohydrate during grain filling stage was o...Using intersubspecific hybrid rice Xieyou 9308 and Liangyou Peijiu as the tested materials, the effects of differentirrigation patterns on transportation and allocation of carbohydrate during grain filling stage was observed by the designwith three level of soil water content in irrigated field. The results showed that in the conventional flooding and thealternate dry-watering cultivations, the exported rate of stored carbohydrate from stem and photophate from the leaves were60 and 90 % respectively. The exported rate of carbohydrate was decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the non-floodingcultivation. There was no significant difference between the conventional flooding and dry-wet alternation treatments interm of the exported rate of carbohydrate. The filling grains were the major sinks for carbohydrate storage during grainfilling stage. Grains received nearly 50% of stored carbohydrate from leaf sheath and 80% of photophate from leaves. Atthe nonflooding condition the absorbing rates of grains were significantly decreased by 10 % from leaf sheath and 20 %from leaves photophate. Water stress leaded much decrease in absorbing ability for inferior grains, which might be one ofthe main causes for low seed-settling rate in non-flooding cultivation.展开更多
Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the p...Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the pushing force acting on the wellbore in different sizes and directions within a circular range,ultimately allowing the wellbore trajectory to be drilled in a predetermined direction.By analyzing its mathematical principles and the actual characteristics of the instrument,a vector force closed-loop control method,including steering and holding modes,was designed.The adjustment criteria for the three hydraulic modules are determined to achieve rapid adjustment of the vector force.The theoretical feasibility of the developed method was verified by comparing its results with the on-site application data of an imported rotary guidance system.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latoso...[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latosolic red soil of Guangxi. [Methods]A field test was conducted. [Results] The agronomic traits and comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane under the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes were superior to those under the traditional fertilization mode. Among them,the comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane with special granular fertilizer as the base fertilizer and water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation as topdressing were the highest,increased by 15 813 kg/ha,an increase of 15. 8%. Considering the cost input,the comprehensive economic benefit increased by 5 676 yuan/ha. [Conclusions]Taking the production cost,economic benefit and input-output ratio into account,it is recommended to promote the application of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation mode in bases with water and fertilizer equipment conditions.展开更多
基金Xinjiang Water Resource Science and Technology Special Fund(2013T04,2013T05)Key Laboratory Construction Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkkl-2013-001)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the differences of jujube growth by intercropping with cotton and mono-cropping and to research effects of three irrigation models and quantity on jujube. [Method] The field experiment with three factors and two levels were applied for the study in order to research the effect of all treatments with the yield, quality, bearing branch, flower, fruit diameter of jujube. [Result]With different irrigation patterns, the result of comparing the length of bearing branch was drip irrigation furrow irrigation micro spray, and the result of comparing the number of bearing branch, the bud number, the flower number, fruit diameter was the same, as follows： drip irrigation microjet irrigation furrow irrigation; the result of comparing the yield was drip irrigation furrow irrigation microjet irrigation with significant differences. With different irrigation quantities, high irrigation water quantity treatment was proved higher than low irrigation quantity treatment in every survey index. [Conclusion] The analysis indicates that drip irrigation, microjet irrigation and furrow irrigation increased the irrigation water quantity can significantly promote the growth and the yield of jujube and the effects of the three kinds of irrigation patterns are drip irrigation furrow irrigation microjet irrigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109102,51469010,51769010)the basic research project of Yunnan Province(2014FB130)key project of education department in Yunnan Province(2011Z035)
文摘The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.
基金Supported by Provincial Water Conservancy Research and Technology Promotion Project:Research on Key Technical Problems of Farmland Water Conservancy Projects in Shandong Province(SDSLKY201401)
文摘The paper analyzes the practical use of management mode of small-scale farmland irrigation works in China,and studies various problems existing in the present management mode.It puts forward a mode named Water-consumer Association which is the most practical one at present.It points out some rules which must be mastered in solving problems appearing in using this mode.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302140601009).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.
文摘The pot experiment was designed to investigate therelationship between the senescence of hybrid riceand the irrigation mode and conducted during1984-1985.There were 30 pots for each treatmentand each pot contained 17.5 kg soil.Hybrid riceShanyou 6 was sown on 10 Jun ahd transplanted
基金Supporting founds:National Key R&D Program(2016YFC0400204)Natural Science Foundation of China(51479161,51279157,51779205)。
文摘Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.
基金This work was sponsored by the Span Plan of the Minis-try of Agriculture of China(MOA)(2003-01)the Spe-cial Key Project for Planting Pattern Reform of MOA of China(2003-01-02AZhejiang Provincial Project,China(2004C32016).
文摘Using intersubspecific hybrid rice Xieyou 9308 and Liangyou Peijiu as the tested materials, the effects of differentirrigation patterns on transportation and allocation of carbohydrate during grain filling stage was observed by the designwith three level of soil water content in irrigated field. The results showed that in the conventional flooding and thealternate dry-watering cultivations, the exported rate of stored carbohydrate from stem and photophate from the leaves were60 and 90 % respectively. The exported rate of carbohydrate was decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the non-floodingcultivation. There was no significant difference between the conventional flooding and dry-wet alternation treatments interm of the exported rate of carbohydrate. The filling grains were the major sinks for carbohydrate storage during grainfilling stage. Grains received nearly 50% of stored carbohydrate from leaf sheath and 80% of photophate from leaves. Atthe nonflooding condition the absorbing rates of grains were significantly decreased by 10 % from leaf sheath and 20 %from leaves photophate. Water stress leaded much decrease in absorbing ability for inferior grains, which might be one ofthe main causes for low seed-settling rate in non-flooding cultivation.
基金supported by the Opening Foundation of China National Logging Corporation(CNLC20229C06)the China Petroleum Technical Service Corporation's science project'Development and application of 475 rotary steering system'(2024T-001001)。
文摘Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the pushing force acting on the wellbore in different sizes and directions within a circular range,ultimately allowing the wellbore trajectory to be drilled in a predetermined direction.By analyzing its mathematical principles and the actual characteristics of the instrument,a vector force closed-loop control method,including steering and holding modes,was designed.The adjustment criteria for the three hydraulic modules are determined to achieve rapid adjustment of the vector force.The theoretical feasibility of the developed method was verified by comparing its results with the on-site application data of an imported rotary guidance system.
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latosolic red soil of Guangxi. [Methods]A field test was conducted. [Results] The agronomic traits and comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane under the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes were superior to those under the traditional fertilization mode. Among them,the comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane with special granular fertilizer as the base fertilizer and water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation as topdressing were the highest,increased by 15 813 kg/ha,an increase of 15. 8%. Considering the cost input,the comprehensive economic benefit increased by 5 676 yuan/ha. [Conclusions]Taking the production cost,economic benefit and input-output ratio into account,it is recommended to promote the application of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation mode in bases with water and fertilizer equipment conditions.
