Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major probl...Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major problem after coronary artery bypass surgery. We examined histopathologic findings of the clipped internal thoracic artery (ITA) in patients undergoing CABG using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Methods: To investigate the histopathololojic ITA examination, 60 patients were randomly selected. The ITA was harvested in a standart fashion with the use of low voltage electrocotery and its distal end was cut prior to bifurcation and clipped. Just before the ITA anastomosis 1 mm lenght of ITA ring was cut and saved in 2.5% Glutaraldehide solution for fixation and examination of transmission electron microscope (TEM). One blinded anatomopatholog examined all specimens and described the endothelial integrity according to the score system proposed by Fischlein et al. Results: In ten cases (17.5%) different degree of histopathologic findings (endothelial cells, intercellular and intracellular organels and adventitia) were recorded The most important histopatholojic findings of ITA were as follows: endothelial vacuolisation, intimal thickening and/or intimal seperation, suben-dothelial edema, swallowing of cytoplasma and mito-condria. Conclusion: Our results showed that the endothelial pathology is high when the ITA clipped. Unfortunataly, because our study did not include the non-clipped ITA we have not concluded the comparison or statistical results. In our opinion, for absolute definition of the effects of the clipping the ITA it should be planned the comparative results between the clipped and non-clipped ITA histologic examinations.展开更多
多模态命名实体识别(multi-modal named entity recognition,MNER)旨在利用文本和图像等多种模态信息识别文本中预定义类型的实体。尽管现有方法取得了一定的进展,但仍然面临一些挑战:(1)难以建立统一的表示来弥合不同模态之间的鸿沟。...多模态命名实体识别(multi-modal named entity recognition,MNER)旨在利用文本和图像等多种模态信息识别文本中预定义类型的实体。尽管现有方法取得了一定的进展,但仍然面临一些挑战:(1)难以建立统一的表示来弥合不同模态之间的鸿沟。(2)难以实现不同模态之间的高效语义交互。因此,提出了一种融合外部知识增强多模态命名实体识别模型。在模态表示阶段,该模型引入CLIP(contrastive language-image pre-training)模型,利用模型中蕴含的文本和图像先验跨模态知识信息,增强文本和图像的语义表示,弥补模态鸿沟。在模态融合阶段,设计了跨模态交叉注意力机制和跨模态门控机制实现模态信息融合,有效排除图像中的噪声信息,进一步增强语义交互;采用条件随机场(CRF)实现命名实体的识别。所提出的方法在公开数据集Twitter2015和Twitter2017上的F1值分别达到了75.35%和86.18%,证明了该方法的有效性。展开更多
文摘Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major problem after coronary artery bypass surgery. We examined histopathologic findings of the clipped internal thoracic artery (ITA) in patients undergoing CABG using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Methods: To investigate the histopathololojic ITA examination, 60 patients were randomly selected. The ITA was harvested in a standart fashion with the use of low voltage electrocotery and its distal end was cut prior to bifurcation and clipped. Just before the ITA anastomosis 1 mm lenght of ITA ring was cut and saved in 2.5% Glutaraldehide solution for fixation and examination of transmission electron microscope (TEM). One blinded anatomopatholog examined all specimens and described the endothelial integrity according to the score system proposed by Fischlein et al. Results: In ten cases (17.5%) different degree of histopathologic findings (endothelial cells, intercellular and intracellular organels and adventitia) were recorded The most important histopatholojic findings of ITA were as follows: endothelial vacuolisation, intimal thickening and/or intimal seperation, suben-dothelial edema, swallowing of cytoplasma and mito-condria. Conclusion: Our results showed that the endothelial pathology is high when the ITA clipped. Unfortunataly, because our study did not include the non-clipped ITA we have not concluded the comparison or statistical results. In our opinion, for absolute definition of the effects of the clipping the ITA it should be planned the comparative results between the clipped and non-clipped ITA histologic examinations.
