The green odorous frog(Odorrana margaretae)has an interesting ring-shaped divergence pattern around the Sichuan Basin and documenting its morphological variations is essential in understanding its evolutionary history...The green odorous frog(Odorrana margaretae)has an interesting ring-shaped divergence pattern around the Sichuan Basin and documenting its morphological variations is essential in understanding its evolutionary history.Using curvilinear models,we detected significant geographical clinal variations in morphological traits,particularly sizes,of female O.margaretae.Males had significantly smaller sizes than females,and also had smaller variation ranges than females.One major trend of morphological variations was clinal:populations from the west tended to have a larger size with wider head and longer posterior limbs than populations from the east.Species history,with an early extended isolation and two subsequent secondary contacts,may explain most of the geographical clinal variations of O.margaretae.Bioclimatic factors may also contribute in explaining the variance of morphology.展开更多
Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed ...Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.展开更多
The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology.However,studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent,due to the difficulty of obtai...The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology.However,studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent,due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmen-tal gradients.In this article,we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis along the coastal inlet of the Ria de Vigo(NW Spain).L.saxatilis from this area shows a clear color cline with 3 distinct areas from the innermost to the more wave-exposed localities of the Ria:the inner,protected localities show an abundance of fawn-like individuals;the intermediate localities show a high diversity of colors;and the outer,wave-exposed localities show populations with a high frequency of a black and lineated morph.We compare data from the 1970s and 2022 in the same localities,showing that the cline has kept relatively stable for at least over half a century,except for some directional change and local variability in the frequency of certain morphs.Multiple regression analyses and biodiversity measures are presented to provide clues into the selective pressures that might be involved in the maintenance of this color cline.Future research avenues to properly test the explanatory power of these selective agents as well as the possible origins of the cline are discussed.展开更多
目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行...目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行康复治疗,联合康复组在常规康复组干预措施基础上采用反重力跑台训练;均每周治疗5次,每次20 min,共治疗4周。记录并比较治疗前和治疗结束后2组患者N端骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原N端前肽(N-terminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen,PINP)、β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)血清含量及美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分和骨痂生长评分。结果:(1)N端骨钙素血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者N端骨钙素血清含量均高于治疗前[(10.07±2.12)ng·mL^(-1),(13.10±1.23)ng·mL^(-1),t=-6.660,P=0.000;(9.69±2.11)ng·mL^(-1),(11.93±1.89)ng·mL^(-1),t=-4.267,P=0.000],联合康复组患者N端骨钙素血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-2.798,P=0.007)。(2)PINP血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者PINP血清含量均高于治疗前[(43.79±7.79)ng·mL^(-1),(72.52±5.03)ng·mL^(-1),t=-16.673,P=0.000;(46.3±10.76)ng·mL^(-1),(65.76±9.37)ng·mL^(-1),t=-7.339,P=0.000],联合康复组患者PINP血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-3.421,P=0.001)。(3)β-CTX血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者β-CTX血清含量均低于治疗前[(772.93±18.29)pg·mL^(-1),(727.76±16.19)pg·mL^(-1),t=9.930,P=0.000;(765.38±25.76)pg·mL^(-1),(744.07±25.29)pg·mL^(-1),t=3.179,P=0.002],联合康复组患者β-CTX血清含量低于常规康复组(t=2.925,P=0.005)。(4)HSS膝关节评分。治疗结束后,2组患者HSS膝关节评分均高于治疗前[(63.04±6.75)分,(85.20±7.72)分,t=-8.781,P=0.000;(66.86±8.12)分,(80.14±6.24)分,t=-10.015,P=0.000],联合康复组患者HSS膝关节评分高于常规康复组(t=-2.748,P=0.008)。(5)骨痂生长评分。治疗结束后,2组患者骨痂生长评分均高于治疗前[(0.72±0.45)分,(2.03±0.68)分,t=-0.821,P=0.000;(0.76±0.58)分,(1.55±0.51)分,t=-5.567,P=0.000],联合康复组患者骨痂生长评分高于常规康复组(t=-3.065,P=0.003)。结论:在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中应用反重力跑台训练,可促进骨折愈合,有利于改善膝关节功能。展开更多
In boreal forests,autumn frost tolerance in seedlings is a critical fitness component because it determines survival rates during regeneration.To understand the forces that drive local adaptation in this trait,we cond...In boreal forests,autumn frost tolerance in seedlings is a critical fitness component because it determines survival rates during regeneration.To understand the forces that drive local adaptation in this trait,we conducted freezing tests in a common garden setting for 54 Pinus sylvestris(Scots pine)populations(>5000 seedlings)collected across Scandinavia into western Russia,and genotyped 24 of these populations(>900 seedlings)at>10000 SNPs.Variation in cold hardiness among populations,as measured by QST,was above 80%and followed a distinct cline along latitude and longitude,demonstrating significant adaptation to climate at origin.In contrast,the genetic differentiation was very weak(mean FST 0.37%).Despite even allele frequency distribution in the vast majority of SNPs among all populations,a few rare alleles appeared at very high or at fixation in marginal populations restricted to northwestern Fennoscandia.Genotype–environment associations showed that climate variables explained 2.9%of the genetic differentiation,while genotype–phenotype associations revealed a high marker-estimated heritability of frost hardiness of 0.56,but identified no major loci.Very extensive gene flow,strong local adaptation,and signals of complex demographic history across markers are interesting topics of forthcoming studies on this species to better clarify signatures of selection and demography.展开更多
文摘The green odorous frog(Odorrana margaretae)has an interesting ring-shaped divergence pattern around the Sichuan Basin and documenting its morphological variations is essential in understanding its evolutionary history.Using curvilinear models,we detected significant geographical clinal variations in morphological traits,particularly sizes,of female O.margaretae.Males had significantly smaller sizes than females,and also had smaller variation ranges than females.One major trend of morphological variations was clinal:populations from the west tended to have a larger size with wider head and longer posterior limbs than populations from the east.Species history,with an early extended isolation and two subsequent secondary contacts,may explain most of the geographical clinal variations of O.margaretae.Bioclimatic factors may also contribute in explaining the variance of morphology.
基金supported by the Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute as part of the Tree Improvement Programme for the species
文摘Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.
基金support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion(PID2021-124930NB-I00)Xunta de Galicia(GRC,ED431C 2020-05)+2 种基金Centro singular de Investigacion de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022,and the European Union(European Regional Development Fund-ERDF)Juan Galindo was funded by a JIN project(Jovenes Investigadores,Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovacion y Universidades,RTI2018-101274-J-100)Juan Gefaell was funded by a Xunta de Galicia Predoctoral Research Contract(ED481A-2021/274).
文摘The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology.However,studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent,due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmen-tal gradients.In this article,we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis along the coastal inlet of the Ria de Vigo(NW Spain).L.saxatilis from this area shows a clear color cline with 3 distinct areas from the innermost to the more wave-exposed localities of the Ria:the inner,protected localities show an abundance of fawn-like individuals;the intermediate localities show a high diversity of colors;and the outer,wave-exposed localities show populations with a high frequency of a black and lineated morph.We compare data from the 1970s and 2022 in the same localities,showing that the cline has kept relatively stable for at least over half a century,except for some directional change and local variability in the frequency of certain morphs.Multiple regression analyses and biodiversity measures are presented to provide clues into the selective pressures that might be involved in the maintenance of this color cline.Future research avenues to properly test the explanatory power of these selective agents as well as the possible origins of the cline are discussed.
文摘目的:探讨反重力跑台训练在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中的应用价值。方法:将58例行加压钢板螺钉内固定术后4周的股骨干骨折患者随机分为常规康复组和联合康复组,每组29例。常规康复组采用手法、运动疗法和物理疗法进行康复治疗,联合康复组在常规康复组干预措施基础上采用反重力跑台训练;均每周治疗5次,每次20 min,共治疗4周。记录并比较治疗前和治疗结束后2组患者N端骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原N端前肽(N-terminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen,PINP)、β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)血清含量及美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分和骨痂生长评分。结果:(1)N端骨钙素血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者N端骨钙素血清含量均高于治疗前[(10.07±2.12)ng·mL^(-1),(13.10±1.23)ng·mL^(-1),t=-6.660,P=0.000;(9.69±2.11)ng·mL^(-1),(11.93±1.89)ng·mL^(-1),t=-4.267,P=0.000],联合康复组患者N端骨钙素血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-2.798,P=0.007)。(2)PINP血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者PINP血清含量均高于治疗前[(43.79±7.79)ng·mL^(-1),(72.52±5.03)ng·mL^(-1),t=-16.673,P=0.000;(46.3±10.76)ng·mL^(-1),(65.76±9.37)ng·mL^(-1),t=-7.339,P=0.000],联合康复组患者PINP血清含量高于常规康复组(t=-3.421,P=0.001)。(3)β-CTX血清含量。治疗结束后,2组患者β-CTX血清含量均低于治疗前[(772.93±18.29)pg·mL^(-1),(727.76±16.19)pg·mL^(-1),t=9.930,P=0.000;(765.38±25.76)pg·mL^(-1),(744.07±25.29)pg·mL^(-1),t=3.179,P=0.002],联合康复组患者β-CTX血清含量低于常规康复组(t=2.925,P=0.005)。(4)HSS膝关节评分。治疗结束后,2组患者HSS膝关节评分均高于治疗前[(63.04±6.75)分,(85.20±7.72)分,t=-8.781,P=0.000;(66.86±8.12)分,(80.14±6.24)分,t=-10.015,P=0.000],联合康复组患者HSS膝关节评分高于常规康复组(t=-2.748,P=0.008)。(5)骨痂生长评分。治疗结束后,2组患者骨痂生长评分均高于治疗前[(0.72±0.45)分,(2.03±0.68)分,t=-0.821,P=0.000;(0.76±0.58)分,(1.55±0.51)分,t=-5.567,P=0.000],联合康复组患者骨痂生长评分高于常规康复组(t=-3.065,P=0.003)。结论:在股骨干骨折加压钢板螺钉内固定术后康复治疗中应用反重力跑台训练,可促进骨折愈合,有利于改善膝关节功能。
基金sponsored by NEFCO through the Programme for Environment and Climate Co-operationsupported by grants from Formas,TC4F,Carl Tryggers Stiftelse,and UmeåPlant Science Center,Sweden.
文摘In boreal forests,autumn frost tolerance in seedlings is a critical fitness component because it determines survival rates during regeneration.To understand the forces that drive local adaptation in this trait,we conducted freezing tests in a common garden setting for 54 Pinus sylvestris(Scots pine)populations(>5000 seedlings)collected across Scandinavia into western Russia,and genotyped 24 of these populations(>900 seedlings)at>10000 SNPs.Variation in cold hardiness among populations,as measured by QST,was above 80%and followed a distinct cline along latitude and longitude,demonstrating significant adaptation to climate at origin.In contrast,the genetic differentiation was very weak(mean FST 0.37%).Despite even allele frequency distribution in the vast majority of SNPs among all populations,a few rare alleles appeared at very high or at fixation in marginal populations restricted to northwestern Fennoscandia.Genotype–environment associations showed that climate variables explained 2.9%of the genetic differentiation,while genotype–phenotype associations revealed a high marker-estimated heritability of frost hardiness of 0.56,but identified no major loci.Very extensive gene flow,strong local adaptation,and signals of complex demographic history across markers are interesting topics of forthcoming studies on this species to better clarify signatures of selection and demography.
