Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.vir...Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.viridulum base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of L.brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that the climatic conditions in Longhui were generally suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.The southern hilly area was the most suitable climate area,the northern mountainous area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountainous area was the more suitable climate area.It can provide favorable meteorological protection for farmers,reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production by making full use of Longhui climatic conditions and doing a good job in the meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum.展开更多
Based on the environmental conditions for the growth and development of potatoes,the impact of climatic conditions on potato cultivation in Shangdu County was analyzed.Due to significant fluctuations in temperature du...Based on the environmental conditions for the growth and development of potatoes,the impact of climatic conditions on potato cultivation in Shangdu County was analyzed.Due to significant fluctuations in temperature during the seedling stage of potatoes,less precipitation,and uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation,the yield of potatoes is unstable.Therefore,scientific planting suggestions and meteorological service countermeasures were proposed.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data dur...[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data during crop growth period in 3 automatic weather stations along Huluhe Basin were carried out regression analysis, and the climate condition of west celery industrial belt was conducted hierarchical clustering analysis by SPSS. [Result] West celery industrial belt along Huluhe Basin could be divided into 2 growing regions： partially southern warm, rainy and early mature region, partially northern cold, rainless and late mature region. Years of practice proved that the small climate differences within 2 planting regions were more obvious, so these 2 planting regions could be further divided into 4 subre- glens： Xinglong warm, rainy and early mature subregion, Xiaohe thermal, rainy and partially early mature region, Jiqiang cool, rainless and middle mature subregion and Xinying cold, rainless and late mature subregion. [Conclusion] The study has refer- ence value for determination of different sowing time, different fertilizer and irrigation scheme, pests and diseased control and marketing time of west celery under mulch- sanded bunch plantation in market economic condition.展开更多
Climate warming has made the planting area of Hami melon expand northward to Barry Bakai Town,Altay City,near 47° N. Climate events often induce the occurrence of pests and diseases in crops,affecting the steady ...Climate warming has made the planting area of Hami melon expand northward to Barry Bakai Town,Altay City,near 47° N. Climate events often induce the occurrence of pests and diseases in crops,affecting the steady production of Hami melon. In 2013,pests and diseases occurred seriously,resulting in low yield and poor quality of Hami melon. Based on the production survey data of Hami melon in recent20 years,the interaction of various meteorological factors in different time and different intervals of various factors was analyzed in this paper to explore the characteristics of the meteorological factors that cause diseases and influence the quality of Hami melon.展开更多
To realize carbon neutrality,there is an urgent need to develop sustainable,green energy systems(especially solar energy systems)owing to the environmental friendliness of solar energy,given the substantial greenhouse...To realize carbon neutrality,there is an urgent need to develop sustainable,green energy systems(especially solar energy systems)owing to the environmental friendliness of solar energy,given the substantial greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based power sources.When it comes to the evolution of intelligent green energy systems,Internet of Things(IoT)-based green-smart photovoltaic(PV)systems have been brought into the spotlight owing to their cutting-edge sensing and data-processing technologies.This review is focused on three critical segments of IoT-based green-smart PV systems.First,the climatic parameters and sensing technologies for IoT-based PV systems under extreme weather conditions are presented.Second,the methods for processing data from smart sensors are discussed,in order to realize health monitoring of PV systems under extreme environmental conditions.Third,the smart materials applied to sensors and the insulation materials used in PV backsheets are susceptible to aging,and these materials and their aging phenomena are highlighted in this review.This review also offers new perspectives for optimizing the current international standards for green energy systems using big data from IoT-based smart sensors.展开更多
Based on temperature,precipitation and sunshine data at Longhui National Station during 1981-2021,temperature at 22 regional stations during 2011-2021,and lily planting information of Longya Lily Base,the feasibility ...Based on temperature,precipitation and sunshine data at Longhui National Station during 1981-2021,temperature at 22 regional stations during 2011-2021,and lily planting information of Longya Lily Base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of Lilium brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that in general,the climatic conditions in Longhui were suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.Among them,the south hilly area was the most suitable climate area,and the north mountain area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountain area was the more suitable climate area.It should sufficiently use the climatic conditions of Longhui,do a good job in meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum,and provide favorable meteorological guarantee for farmers,to reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production.展开更多
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of climatic conditions on mango cultivation in Jingdong County,according to the requirements for meteorological conditions from the biological characteristics of m...In order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of climatic conditions on mango cultivation in Jingdong County,according to the requirements for meteorological conditions from the biological characteristics of mango trees,the climatic conditions of Jingdong station and the main mango production areas in Yunnan Province were compared,and the climatic characteristics in the high-and low-yield year were analyzed.The results show that in the middle and low altitude areas of Jingdong County,winter was dry and relatively warm,and summer was not extremely hot(the average temperature in the hottest month 23.8℃);the dry and wet seasons were distinct,and rainy and hot weather occurred in the same season(from June to September);there was sufficient sunshine in the winter half year.The main climatic advantages for mango cultivation in Jingdong County are manifested as follows:the overwintering temperature and light conditions were relatively favorable(the average temperature in the coldest month was 11.3℃,and average sunshine duration in the three months of winter was 6.3 h/d);the annual total heat was moderate,and≥10℃accumulated temperature was 6600℃·d;the temperature effectiveness during the main growing season of mangoes was relatively higher;the sunshine duration and climate humidity during the flower bud differentiation period were moderate(sunshine duration was 6.4 h/d,and monthly precipitation was 19.2 mm);the rainfall was abundant during the maturation period of fruits.The insufficient light and heat intensity during the maturation period of fruits(average sunshine duration was 4.4 h/d,and average temperature was 23.2℃from June to September),the susceptibility to the influence of spring drought during the young fruit stage of mangoes(precipitation was 141 mm from March to May),and relatively lower temperature during the flowering and pollination period in some years jointly constituted the main climatic constraints on local mango yield.展开更多
Chinese solar greenhouses enable the extension of the crop growing season in the cold climate in Northern China with little or no additional heating.The temporal variations of the air temperatures inside solar greenho...Chinese solar greenhouses enable the extension of the crop growing season in the cold climate in Northern China with little or no additional heating.The temporal variations of the air temperatures inside solar greenhouses located at three cities in North,Northeast and Northwest China were predicted by CFD simulations of the greenhouse systems using typical meteorological data.The predicted temperatures based on the meteorological data in Shenyang are quite similar to the measured temperatures.The results also show that the external air temperatures and solar radiation fluxes play more important roles for the inside temperatures as indicated by the highest inner temperature in the morning on Feb.18 and from 10:00 to 14:00 on Feb.19 in Beijing and by the predicted temperatures inside the greenhouse being higher in Lanzhou than those in Shenyang and Beijing during most of the day.The average daily temperature inside the greenhouse in Lanzhou was nearly 3.5℃higher than that in Shenyang.Predicted air temperatures for various wall designs show that for single walls,the daily average interior temperatures in the aerated concrete wall greenhouse were higher than those in the brick wall and reinforced concrete wall greenhouses.However,the air temperature fluctuations were lower in the reinforced concrete wall greenhouse due to greater thermal storage capacity.The results also show that the temperatures in the layered wall greenhouses are quite similar,which coincides with the experimental results。展开更多
This work focuses on the performance comparison of monocrystalline and polycrystalline Si solar photovoltaic(SPV)modules under tropical wet and dry climatic conditions in east-central India(21.16°N 81.65°E,R...This work focuses on the performance comparison of monocrystalline and polycrystalline Si solar photovoltaic(SPV)modules under tropical wet and dry climatic conditions in east-central India(21.16°N 81.65°E,Raipur,Chhattisgarh).This study would help to select the SPV module for system installation in the east-central part of the country.For comparative analysis,we used performance ratio(PR)and efficiency as figures of merit.The plane-of-array(POA)irradiance was used to determine the efficiency of the modules.The decomposition and transposition models calculated the POA values from the measured global horizontal irradiance.The data were analysed systematically for 6 months in the non-rainy season,from October 2020 to March 2021.Special attention was given to solar irradiance,ambient temperature and module temperature-the parameters that affect the performance of PV modules.The month of October showed the highest variation in irradiance and temperature.The highest average module temperatures(51-52℃)were observed in October-November,while the lowest average module temperatures(34℃ for mono-Si and 36℃ for poly-Si)were observed in December.The highest value of average monthly POA irradiance(568 W/m^(2))was observed in February and the lowest(483 W/m^(2))in December.The results showed that the monocrystalline SPV module performed better than the polycrystalline module under all weather conditions.The maximum observed values of mono-Si and poly-Si panel PRs were 0.89 and 0.86,respectively,in December.展开更多
This paper is describing a detailed study of morphological structures and characteristics newborns thymus in different climatic and geographical conditions of Kara-Balta, Cholpon-Ata, and Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. Anatom...This paper is describing a detailed study of morphological structures and characteristics newborns thymus in different climatic and geographical conditions of Kara-Balta, Cholpon-Ata, and Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. Anatomical structure research done on 26 thymuses of newborn corpses. Research results showed that a significant amount of thymuses consisted of lobes with very thin connective tissues between them. It is observed that the Hassall cells were usually located in the medulla part of the thymus after using the coloring by Van-Gieson’s stain visible clear elastic and collagen fibers. In addition, cell population dynamics in a unit of conditional area of cortical substance thymus lobes in newborns determined.展开更多
Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, live...Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, livestock rearing, tea garden practices, etc. The economic development, on the other hand, could not take place partly due to lack of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system and also unwillingness of the people towards using it. Furthermore, due to its harsh climatic conditions, rigorous terrain and distinct identity, as a part of Uttar Pradesh state, the development could not take place and today the state is believed to be one of the poorer states. Infrastructurally, this region is lagged behind due to its inaccessibility. The ideal geographical and agrarian conditions might be used evenly for the developmental processes. Ecologically, the whole region is socio-economic activities, fragile. The diverse harsh traditional beliefs and hard working potentials further change the entire scenario of the state. Only the need of the hours is to frame and implementation of the rational policies and planning for sustainable development of the state. What had appeared during the past, pertaining to the economic development, needs radical changes in policies, planning and beliefs. This paper aims to evaluate the present conditions of resources as a form of natural vegetation, agricultural crops, horticultural farming, herbs, tea garden practices, livestock rearing, hydropower projects and economic development of the Uttaranchal Himalaya.展开更多
This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the spe...This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the species Debut (26%). <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The lowest oil content was observed in the variety </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Samaryanka</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of St. Mary’s Thistle varieties were found in the variety Debut (131.1), and the lowest indication was observed in the species Samaryanka (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids existing in the seeds of the species of St. Mary’s Thistle, it was found in the Varieties Debut (126.3), and the lowest indication was observed in the variety Samaryanka (112). Based on the results of studies and the noted biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the St. Mary’s Thistle, the possibility and expediency of expanding the crops of this species in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are suggested. The research was conducted 2017-2019 y.</span>展开更多
The climate condition of a wind farm has a significant influence on the reliability of wind turbines. The climate condition varies with season in a year and hence the reliability changes in a complex way. The purpose ...The climate condition of a wind farm has a significant influence on the reliability of wind turbines. The climate condition varies with season in a year and hence the reliability changes in a complex way. The purpose of this paper is to model the effect of climate condition on field reliability of wind turbines. The reliability is measured by monthly-averaged mean time between failures(MTBF), and the climate conditions are described by variables of monthly-averaged temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Referring to the physicsof-failure models in accelerated life testing(ALT), we develop a quantitative relation between the MTBF and the climate variables. For a set of field data, the model parameters are estimated by regression, and the insignificant variables are gradually deleted based on the P-value of the regression coefficients. The resulting model is useful for maintenance workload forecasting and preventive maintenance planning, and has a potential to be used in online failure prediction.展开更多
[ Objective]The research aimed to study influences of the climate conditions on organic agriculture and defense countermeasures of the meteorological disasters in Boshan District of Shandong. [ Method ] From climate r...[ Objective]The research aimed to study influences of the climate conditions on organic agriculture and defense countermeasures of the meteorological disasters in Boshan District of Shandong. [ Method ] From climate resources, relationships between meteorological conditions （tem- perature, water and sunshine, etc. ） and growth of the organic crops in Boshan District of Shandong were analyzed. 5-year development plan was put forward. Influences of the main meteorological disasters in growth process of the organic crops were analyzed. Moreover, corresponding de- fense countermeasures were put forward. [ Result] Due to monsoon influence in Boshan, rain and heat were in same season. Sunshine, heat and water coordinated well, and effectivity of the agricultural climate resources was higher. Qualities of the soil and water were good. Vegetation was complete. These conditions were all favorable for developing organic agricultural region. But the precipitation variability was big, which limited effec- tive utilizations of the sunshine and heat resources at different degrees. Meanwhile, in organic crops growth season when sunshine, heat and water were sufficient, meteorological disasters happened frequently. [ Conclusion] We should accelerate construction of the small water conservancy facil- ities, making rainstorm and flood as resources, and realizing timely watering. In addition, we ought to accelerate construction of the industrialized organic a clriculture to improve agricultural benefit.展开更多
Biodiversity in Beijing Oriental Outlook Issue 11,2025 Unique geographical and climatic conditions have endowed Beijing with distinctive biodiversity.As one of the metropolises with the richest biodiversity in the wor...Biodiversity in Beijing Oriental Outlook Issue 11,2025 Unique geographical and climatic conditions have endowed Beijing with distinctive biodiversity.As one of the metropolises with the richest biodiversity in the world,it earned the title of Biodiversity Charming City at the COP16 in November 2024.Beijing is now aiming to establish itself as a world-class capital of biodiversity,to enrich its garden city image.展开更多
Weather,climatic conditions and assessment of meteorological disaster risks are all important factors that restrict and affect the smooth holding of major events.It is crucial to accurately and promptly grasp the weat...Weather,climatic conditions and assessment of meteorological disaster risks are all important factors that restrict and affect the smooth holding of major events.It is crucial to accurately and promptly grasp the weather forecast at key nodes such as the start,critical period and end of major events to deal with the adverse effects caused by sudden weather.The intelligent grid forecast system has been gradually applied in meteorological service guarantee work,and effectively improved the accuracy and refinement level of weather forecast.It is needed to provide full-process and refined meteorological service guarantee,promote the standardization and normalization of meteorological services for major events,and enhance the level and efficiency of meteorological services.展开更多
AIM:To study the normal aerobic conjunctival flora in lower to mid Himalayan region of Shimla Hills.METHODS:Samples from normal conjunctiva of 200 individuals above the age of 13 years who visited Indira Gandhi Medica...AIM:To study the normal aerobic conjunctival flora in lower to mid Himalayan region of Shimla Hills.METHODS:Samples from normal conjunctiva of 200 individuals above the age of 13 years who visited Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital Shimla for refraction or cataract surgery were taken by anaesthetising the conjunctival sac with sterile 4% Xylocaine solution.Samples were obtained by gently rubbing lower fornix with a sterile cotton wool swab moistened with normal saline and keeping the eye lids wide apart to avoid contamination from lid margins.It was immediately inoculated in Brain Heart infusion and subjected to standard aerobic culture and identification techniques.RESULTS:Totally,72 eyes(36%) conjunctival sacs were sterile.Predominant aerobes isolated were Staphylococcus spp.in 120(60%) followed by Haemophilus in 16(8%),diphtheroids in 10(5%),and Escherichia coli(E.coli) in 4(2%).A single aerobe was isolated from 98 eyes(49%) while 30 eyes(15%) yielded more than 1 aerobe.Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.epidermidis) was the most common bacterium,found alone in 58 eyes(29%) and in combination with another aerobe in 30 eyes(15%),followed by Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) in 18(9%) and 10 eyes(5%) respectively.CONCLUSION:S.epidermidis is the most common commensal organism followed by Haemophilus species.diphtheroids occupied the third position which otherwise are found more abundantly in literature.Pathogens like S.aureus,Staphylococcus citreus and E.coli were also found.Therefore,preoperative administration of topical broad spectrum antibiotics is extremely important in prophylaxis against ocular infection.The variation in microflora of normal conjunctiva in this part of world can be attributed to geographical,climatic and ethnic characteristics of the population under study.展开更多
The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the ...The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest （Picea schrenkiana） was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height （DBH） exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8℃ between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.4g℃ and 0.55℃ with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respec- tively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum CaCO3 con- centration, pH value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil （0-10 cm） and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers （〉10 cm）. The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the development and spatial distribution of the mid-mountain forest in the study area. The order of the importance of environmental factors to forest development in this study is as follows： soil nutrients〉precipitation〉elevation〉temperature.展开更多
To study the sensitivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice to climatic conditions, the spikelet fertilized rate （SFR） of four types of rice including indica-japonica hybrid, intermediate hybrid, indica and japonica w...To study the sensitivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice to climatic conditions, the spikelet fertilized rate （SFR） of four types of rice including indica-japonica hybrid, intermediate hybrid, indica and japonica were analyzed during 2000-2004. The inter-subspecific hybrids showed lower SFR, and much higher fluctuation under various climatic conditions than indica and japonica rice, showing the inter-subspecific hybrids were sensitive to ecological conditions. Among 12 climatic factors, the key factor affecting rice SFR was temperature, with the most significant factor being the average temperature of the seven days around panicle flowering （T7）. A regressive equation of SFR-temperature by T7, and a comprehensive synthetic model by four important temperature indices were put forward. The optimum temperature for inter-subspecific hybrids was estimated to be 26.1-26.6℃, and lower limit of safe temperature to be 22.5-23.3℃ for panicle flowering, showing higher by averagely 0.5℃ and 1.7℃, respectively, to be compared with indica and japonica rice. This suggested that inter-subspecific hybrids require proper climatic conditions. During panicle flowering, the suitable daily average temperature was 23.3-29.0℃, with the fittest one at 26.1-26.6℃. For an application example, optimum heading season for inter-subspecific hybrids in key rice growing areas in China was as same as common pure lines, while inferior limit for safe date of heading was about a ten-day period earlier than those of common pure lines.展开更多
Two-phase closed thermosyphons(TPCTs)are widely used in infrastructure constructions in permafrost regions.Due to different climatic conditions,the effectiveness of TPCT will also be different,especially in the extrem...Two-phase closed thermosyphons(TPCTs)are widely used in infrastructure constructions in permafrost regions.Due to different climatic conditions,the effectiveness of TPCT will also be different,especially in the extremely cold region of the Da Xing'anling Mountains.In this study,a series of three-dimensional finite element TPCT embankment models were established based on the ZhanglingMohe highway TPCT test section in Da Xing'anling Mountains,and the thermal characteristics and the cooling effect of the TPCTs were analyzed.The results indicated that the TPCTs installed in the northeastern high-latitude regions is effective in cooling and stabilizing the embankment.The working cycle of the TPCTs is nearly 7 months,and the cooling range of the TPCTs can reach 3 m in this region.However,due to the extremely low temperature,the TPCT generates a large radial gradient in the permafrost layer.Meanwhile,by changing the climate conditions,the same type of TPCT embankment located in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,the Xiao Xing'anling Mountains,and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost regions were simulated.Based on the comparison of the climate differences between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Northeast China,the differences in the effectiveness of TPCTs were studied.Finally,the limitations of using existing TPCTs in high-latitude permafrost regions of China were discussed and the potential improvements of the TPCT in cold regions were presented.展开更多
文摘Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.viridulum base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of L.brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that the climatic conditions in Longhui were generally suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.The southern hilly area was the most suitable climate area,the northern mountainous area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountainous area was the more suitable climate area.It can provide favorable meteorological protection for farmers,reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production by making full use of Longhui climatic conditions and doing a good job in the meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum.
文摘Based on the environmental conditions for the growth and development of potatoes,the impact of climatic conditions on potato cultivation in Shangdu County was analyzed.Due to significant fluctuations in temperature during the seedling stage of potatoes,less precipitation,and uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation,the yield of potatoes is unstable.Therefore,scientific planting suggestions and meteorological service countermeasures were proposed.
基金Supported by Meteorological Science and Technology Project of Ningxia Meteorological Bureau in 2011 "West Celery Experiment of Sowing by Stages"~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data during crop growth period in 3 automatic weather stations along Huluhe Basin were carried out regression analysis, and the climate condition of west celery industrial belt was conducted hierarchical clustering analysis by SPSS. [Result] West celery industrial belt along Huluhe Basin could be divided into 2 growing regions： partially southern warm, rainy and early mature region, partially northern cold, rainless and late mature region. Years of practice proved that the small climate differences within 2 planting regions were more obvious, so these 2 planting regions could be further divided into 4 subre- glens： Xinglong warm, rainy and early mature subregion, Xiaohe thermal, rainy and partially early mature region, Jiqiang cool, rainless and middle mature subregion and Xinying cold, rainless and late mature subregion. [Conclusion] The study has refer- ence value for determination of different sowing time, different fertilizer and irrigation scheme, pests and diseased control and marketing time of west celery under mulch- sanded bunch plantation in market economic condition.
文摘Climate warming has made the planting area of Hami melon expand northward to Barry Bakai Town,Altay City,near 47° N. Climate events often induce the occurrence of pests and diseases in crops,affecting the steady production of Hami melon. In 2013,pests and diseases occurred seriously,resulting in low yield and poor quality of Hami melon. Based on the production survey data of Hami melon in recent20 years,the interaction of various meteorological factors in different time and different intervals of various factors was analyzed in this paper to explore the characteristics of the meteorological factors that cause diseases and influence the quality of Hami melon.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0114600)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-(Grant No.52477029)+1 种基金Joint Laboratory of China-Morocco Green Energy and Advanced Materials,The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,The Xi’an City Science and Technology Project(No.23GXFW0070)Xi’an International Science and Technology Cooperation Base.
文摘To realize carbon neutrality,there is an urgent need to develop sustainable,green energy systems(especially solar energy systems)owing to the environmental friendliness of solar energy,given the substantial greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based power sources.When it comes to the evolution of intelligent green energy systems,Internet of Things(IoT)-based green-smart photovoltaic(PV)systems have been brought into the spotlight owing to their cutting-edge sensing and data-processing technologies.This review is focused on three critical segments of IoT-based green-smart PV systems.First,the climatic parameters and sensing technologies for IoT-based PV systems under extreme weather conditions are presented.Second,the methods for processing data from smart sensors are discussed,in order to realize health monitoring of PV systems under extreme environmental conditions.Third,the smart materials applied to sensors and the insulation materials used in PV backsheets are susceptible to aging,and these materials and their aging phenomena are highlighted in this review.This review also offers new perspectives for optimizing the current international standards for green energy systems using big data from IoT-based smart sensors.
文摘Based on temperature,precipitation and sunshine data at Longhui National Station during 1981-2021,temperature at 22 regional stations during 2011-2021,and lily planting information of Longya Lily Base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of Lilium brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that in general,the climatic conditions in Longhui were suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.Among them,the south hilly area was the most suitable climate area,and the north mountain area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountain area was the more suitable climate area.It should sufficiently use the climatic conditions of Longhui,do a good job in meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum,and provide favorable meteorological guarantee for farmers,to reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production.
基金Supported by the Meteorological Science and Technology Innovation Project of Pu'er Meteorological Bureau(PZ202416).
文摘In order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of climatic conditions on mango cultivation in Jingdong County,according to the requirements for meteorological conditions from the biological characteristics of mango trees,the climatic conditions of Jingdong station and the main mango production areas in Yunnan Province were compared,and the climatic characteristics in the high-and low-yield year were analyzed.The results show that in the middle and low altitude areas of Jingdong County,winter was dry and relatively warm,and summer was not extremely hot(the average temperature in the hottest month 23.8℃);the dry and wet seasons were distinct,and rainy and hot weather occurred in the same season(from June to September);there was sufficient sunshine in the winter half year.The main climatic advantages for mango cultivation in Jingdong County are manifested as follows:the overwintering temperature and light conditions were relatively favorable(the average temperature in the coldest month was 11.3℃,and average sunshine duration in the three months of winter was 6.3 h/d);the annual total heat was moderate,and≥10℃accumulated temperature was 6600℃·d;the temperature effectiveness during the main growing season of mangoes was relatively higher;the sunshine duration and climate humidity during the flower bud differentiation period were moderate(sunshine duration was 6.4 h/d,and monthly precipitation was 19.2 mm);the rainfall was abundant during the maturation period of fruits.The insufficient light and heat intensity during the maturation period of fruits(average sunshine duration was 4.4 h/d,and average temperature was 23.2℃from June to September),the susceptibility to the influence of spring drought during the young fruit stage of mangoes(precipitation was 141 mm from March to May),and relatively lower temperature during the flowering and pollination period in some years jointly constituted the main climatic constraints on local mango yield.
基金the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.20061040).
文摘Chinese solar greenhouses enable the extension of the crop growing season in the cold climate in Northern China with little or no additional heating.The temporal variations of the air temperatures inside solar greenhouses located at three cities in North,Northeast and Northwest China were predicted by CFD simulations of the greenhouse systems using typical meteorological data.The predicted temperatures based on the meteorological data in Shenyang are quite similar to the measured temperatures.The results also show that the external air temperatures and solar radiation fluxes play more important roles for the inside temperatures as indicated by the highest inner temperature in the morning on Feb.18 and from 10:00 to 14:00 on Feb.19 in Beijing and by the predicted temperatures inside the greenhouse being higher in Lanzhou than those in Shenyang and Beijing during most of the day.The average daily temperature inside the greenhouse in Lanzhou was nearly 3.5℃higher than that in Shenyang.Predicted air temperatures for various wall designs show that for single walls,the daily average interior temperatures in the aerated concrete wall greenhouse were higher than those in the brick wall and reinforced concrete wall greenhouses.However,the air temperature fluctuations were lower in the reinforced concrete wall greenhouse due to greater thermal storage capacity.The results also show that the temperatures in the layered wall greenhouses are quite similar,which coincides with the experimental results。
文摘This work focuses on the performance comparison of monocrystalline and polycrystalline Si solar photovoltaic(SPV)modules under tropical wet and dry climatic conditions in east-central India(21.16°N 81.65°E,Raipur,Chhattisgarh).This study would help to select the SPV module for system installation in the east-central part of the country.For comparative analysis,we used performance ratio(PR)and efficiency as figures of merit.The plane-of-array(POA)irradiance was used to determine the efficiency of the modules.The decomposition and transposition models calculated the POA values from the measured global horizontal irradiance.The data were analysed systematically for 6 months in the non-rainy season,from October 2020 to March 2021.Special attention was given to solar irradiance,ambient temperature and module temperature-the parameters that affect the performance of PV modules.The month of October showed the highest variation in irradiance and temperature.The highest average module temperatures(51-52℃)were observed in October-November,while the lowest average module temperatures(34℃ for mono-Si and 36℃ for poly-Si)were observed in December.The highest value of average monthly POA irradiance(568 W/m^(2))was observed in February and the lowest(483 W/m^(2))in December.The results showed that the monocrystalline SPV module performed better than the polycrystalline module under all weather conditions.The maximum observed values of mono-Si and poly-Si panel PRs were 0.89 and 0.86,respectively,in December.
文摘This paper is describing a detailed study of morphological structures and characteristics newborns thymus in different climatic and geographical conditions of Kara-Balta, Cholpon-Ata, and Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. Anatomical structure research done on 26 thymuses of newborn corpses. Research results showed that a significant amount of thymuses consisted of lobes with very thin connective tissues between them. It is observed that the Hassall cells were usually located in the medulla part of the thymus after using the coloring by Van-Gieson’s stain visible clear elastic and collagen fibers. In addition, cell population dynamics in a unit of conditional area of cortical substance thymus lobes in newborns determined.
文摘Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, livestock rearing, tea garden practices, etc. The economic development, on the other hand, could not take place partly due to lack of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system and also unwillingness of the people towards using it. Furthermore, due to its harsh climatic conditions, rigorous terrain and distinct identity, as a part of Uttar Pradesh state, the development could not take place and today the state is believed to be one of the poorer states. Infrastructurally, this region is lagged behind due to its inaccessibility. The ideal geographical and agrarian conditions might be used evenly for the developmental processes. Ecologically, the whole region is socio-economic activities, fragile. The diverse harsh traditional beliefs and hard working potentials further change the entire scenario of the state. Only the need of the hours is to frame and implementation of the rational policies and planning for sustainable development of the state. What had appeared during the past, pertaining to the economic development, needs radical changes in policies, planning and beliefs. This paper aims to evaluate the present conditions of resources as a form of natural vegetation, agricultural crops, horticultural farming, herbs, tea garden practices, livestock rearing, hydropower projects and economic development of the Uttaranchal Himalaya.
文摘This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the species Debut (26%). <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The lowest oil content was observed in the variety </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Samaryanka</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of St. Mary’s Thistle varieties were found in the variety Debut (131.1), and the lowest indication was observed in the species Samaryanka (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids existing in the seeds of the species of St. Mary’s Thistle, it was found in the Varieties Debut (126.3), and the lowest indication was observed in the variety Samaryanka (112). Based on the results of studies and the noted biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the St. Mary’s Thistle, the possibility and expediency of expanding the crops of this species in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are suggested. The research was conducted 2017-2019 y.</span>
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71371035)
文摘The climate condition of a wind farm has a significant influence on the reliability of wind turbines. The climate condition varies with season in a year and hence the reliability changes in a complex way. The purpose of this paper is to model the effect of climate condition on field reliability of wind turbines. The reliability is measured by monthly-averaged mean time between failures(MTBF), and the climate conditions are described by variables of monthly-averaged temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Referring to the physicsof-failure models in accelerated life testing(ALT), we develop a quantitative relation between the MTBF and the climate variables. For a set of field data, the model parameters are estimated by regression, and the insignificant variables are gradually deleted based on the P-value of the regression coefficients. The resulting model is useful for maintenance workload forecasting and preventive maintenance planning, and has a potential to be used in online failure prediction.
基金Supported by Policy Guidance Item of Science and Technology Development Plan in Shandong Province(2010YD17006)
文摘[ Objective]The research aimed to study influences of the climate conditions on organic agriculture and defense countermeasures of the meteorological disasters in Boshan District of Shandong. [ Method ] From climate resources, relationships between meteorological conditions （tem- perature, water and sunshine, etc. ） and growth of the organic crops in Boshan District of Shandong were analyzed. 5-year development plan was put forward. Influences of the main meteorological disasters in growth process of the organic crops were analyzed. Moreover, corresponding de- fense countermeasures were put forward. [ Result] Due to monsoon influence in Boshan, rain and heat were in same season. Sunshine, heat and water coordinated well, and effectivity of the agricultural climate resources was higher. Qualities of the soil and water were good. Vegetation was complete. These conditions were all favorable for developing organic agricultural region. But the precipitation variability was big, which limited effec- tive utilizations of the sunshine and heat resources at different degrees. Meanwhile, in organic crops growth season when sunshine, heat and water were sufficient, meteorological disasters happened frequently. [ Conclusion] We should accelerate construction of the small water conservancy facil- ities, making rainstorm and flood as resources, and realizing timely watering. In addition, we ought to accelerate construction of the industrialized organic a clriculture to improve agricultural benefit.
文摘Biodiversity in Beijing Oriental Outlook Issue 11,2025 Unique geographical and climatic conditions have endowed Beijing with distinctive biodiversity.As one of the metropolises with the richest biodiversity in the world,it earned the title of Biodiversity Charming City at the COP16 in November 2024.Beijing is now aiming to establish itself as a world-class capital of biodiversity,to enrich its garden city image.
文摘Weather,climatic conditions and assessment of meteorological disaster risks are all important factors that restrict and affect the smooth holding of major events.It is crucial to accurately and promptly grasp the weather forecast at key nodes such as the start,critical period and end of major events to deal with the adverse effects caused by sudden weather.The intelligent grid forecast system has been gradually applied in meteorological service guarantee work,and effectively improved the accuracy and refinement level of weather forecast.It is needed to provide full-process and refined meteorological service guarantee,promote the standardization and normalization of meteorological services for major events,and enhance the level and efficiency of meteorological services.
文摘AIM:To study the normal aerobic conjunctival flora in lower to mid Himalayan region of Shimla Hills.METHODS:Samples from normal conjunctiva of 200 individuals above the age of 13 years who visited Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital Shimla for refraction or cataract surgery were taken by anaesthetising the conjunctival sac with sterile 4% Xylocaine solution.Samples were obtained by gently rubbing lower fornix with a sterile cotton wool swab moistened with normal saline and keeping the eye lids wide apart to avoid contamination from lid margins.It was immediately inoculated in Brain Heart infusion and subjected to standard aerobic culture and identification techniques.RESULTS:Totally,72 eyes(36%) conjunctival sacs were sterile.Predominant aerobes isolated were Staphylococcus spp.in 120(60%) followed by Haemophilus in 16(8%),diphtheroids in 10(5%),and Escherichia coli(E.coli) in 4(2%).A single aerobe was isolated from 98 eyes(49%) while 30 eyes(15%) yielded more than 1 aerobe.Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.epidermidis) was the most common bacterium,found alone in 58 eyes(29%) and in combination with another aerobe in 30 eyes(15%),followed by Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) in 18(9%) and 10 eyes(5%) respectively.CONCLUSION:S.epidermidis is the most common commensal organism followed by Haemophilus species.diphtheroids occupied the third position which otherwise are found more abundantly in literature.Pathogens like S.aureus,Staphylococcus citreus and E.coli were also found.Therefore,preoperative administration of topical broad spectrum antibiotics is extremely important in prophylaxis against ocular infection.The variation in microflora of normal conjunctiva in this part of world can be attributed to geographical,climatic and ethnic characteristics of the population under study.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271126)the Ph.D. Research Foundation of Guizhou Normal Universitythe Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (J[2014]2126)
文摘The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest （Picea schrenkiana） was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height （DBH） exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8℃ between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.4g℃ and 0.55℃ with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respec- tively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum CaCO3 con- centration, pH value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil （0-10 cm） and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers （〉10 cm）. The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the development and spatial distribution of the mid-mountain forest in the study area. The order of the importance of environmental factors to forest development in this study is as follows： soil nutrients〉precipitation〉elevation〉temperature.
文摘To study the sensitivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice to climatic conditions, the spikelet fertilized rate （SFR） of four types of rice including indica-japonica hybrid, intermediate hybrid, indica and japonica were analyzed during 2000-2004. The inter-subspecific hybrids showed lower SFR, and much higher fluctuation under various climatic conditions than indica and japonica rice, showing the inter-subspecific hybrids were sensitive to ecological conditions. Among 12 climatic factors, the key factor affecting rice SFR was temperature, with the most significant factor being the average temperature of the seven days around panicle flowering （T7）. A regressive equation of SFR-temperature by T7, and a comprehensive synthetic model by four important temperature indices were put forward. The optimum temperature for inter-subspecific hybrids was estimated to be 26.1-26.6℃, and lower limit of safe temperature to be 22.5-23.3℃ for panicle flowering, showing higher by averagely 0.5℃ and 1.7℃, respectively, to be compared with indica and japonica rice. This suggested that inter-subspecific hybrids require proper climatic conditions. During panicle flowering, the suitable daily average temperature was 23.3-29.0℃, with the fittest one at 26.1-26.6℃. For an application example, optimum heading season for inter-subspecific hybrids in key rice growing areas in China was as same as common pure lines, while inferior limit for safe date of heading was about a ten-day period earlier than those of common pure lines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971076No.42171128)the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(GA21A501)。
文摘Two-phase closed thermosyphons(TPCTs)are widely used in infrastructure constructions in permafrost regions.Due to different climatic conditions,the effectiveness of TPCT will also be different,especially in the extremely cold region of the Da Xing'anling Mountains.In this study,a series of three-dimensional finite element TPCT embankment models were established based on the ZhanglingMohe highway TPCT test section in Da Xing'anling Mountains,and the thermal characteristics and the cooling effect of the TPCTs were analyzed.The results indicated that the TPCTs installed in the northeastern high-latitude regions is effective in cooling and stabilizing the embankment.The working cycle of the TPCTs is nearly 7 months,and the cooling range of the TPCTs can reach 3 m in this region.However,due to the extremely low temperature,the TPCT generates a large radial gradient in the permafrost layer.Meanwhile,by changing the climate conditions,the same type of TPCT embankment located in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,the Xiao Xing'anling Mountains,and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost regions were simulated.Based on the comparison of the climate differences between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Northeast China,the differences in the effectiveness of TPCTs were studied.Finally,the limitations of using existing TPCTs in high-latitude permafrost regions of China were discussed and the potential improvements of the TPCT in cold regions were presented.
