The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked m...The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.展开更多
With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raisin...With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.展开更多
The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic...The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.展开更多
Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated signi...Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated significant interest as a potential biomarker for use in early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.We reviewed the literature surrounding PSMA and its current clinical applications in diagnosing and managing early prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate and local lymph nodes.A search on PubMed,Medline,and Web of Science was performed using the following keywords:“PSMA”,“Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen”,“Prostate cancer”,“Biomarker”,“Diagnosis”.We considered all available articles relevant to the topic of PSMA as a biomarker in early prostate cancer when developing this narrative review.Key articles assessing the biology of PSMA,as well as its use as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in early prostate cancer,were assessed.The role of PSMA PET as a potential diagnostic and risk stratification tool was assessed.The current use of antibody-drug conjugates and radioligand therapy targeting PSMA was assessed,along with any current evidence to support their use in early prostate cancer.PSMA is heavily expressed throughout the early stages of prostate cancer,and this has significant therapeutic implications.There is a growing body of evidence that shows PSMA PET can play a role in the diagnosis,risk stratification,and prognostication of localised prostate cancer.PSMA-targeted therapies such as Lu-177 currently do not have any proven benefit in treating early prostate cancer;however,this remains an area of ongoing research.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA excl...AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.展开更多
The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25...The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25-day storage period at 4℃.After 15 days of storage,S erratia proteamaculans and Pseudomonas fragi became the predominant bacteria.Furthermore,physicochemical properties changed significantly,as evidenced by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and b*(yellowness)value,and a decrease in hardness.A total of 65 VOCs were identified during storage.Correlation between bacterial succession and quality indicators(including VOCs and physicochemical properties)allowed the identification of 26 core dominant bacteria,including S.proteamaculans,Psychrobacter alimentarius,Pseudomonas putida,and Pseudomonas poae,which were positively related to spoilage VOCs(e.g.,1-octen-3-ol,1-pentanol,and 3-methyl-1-butanol)and could be defined as specific spoilage organisms(SSOs).The results of this study provide a systematic approach to predict SSOs in smoked chicken legs during storage,which can also provide a basis for product safety.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the new clinical diagnostic and classification criteria for Kashin-Beck disease （KBD） using six clinical markers： flexion of the distal part of finger...This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the new clinical diagnostic and classification criteria for Kashin-Beck disease （KBD） using six clinical markers： flexion of the distal part of fingers, deformed fingers, enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, squat down, and dwarfism. One-third of the total population in Linyou County was sampled by stratified random sampling.展开更多
To achieve online automatic classification of product is a great need of e-commerce de-velopment. By analyzing the characteristics of product images, we proposed a fast supervised image classifier which is based on cl...To achieve online automatic classification of product is a great need of e-commerce de-velopment. By analyzing the characteristics of product images, we proposed a fast supervised image classifier which is based on class-specific Pyramid Histogram Of Words (PHOW) descriptor and Im-age-to-Class distance (PHOW/I2C). In the training phase, the local features are densely sampled and represented as soft-voting PHOW descriptors, and then the class-specific descriptors are built with the means and variances of distribution of each visual word in each labelled class. For online testing, the normalized chi-square distance is calculated between the descriptor of query image and each class-specific descriptor. The class label corresponding to the least I2C distance is taken as the final winner. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and quickness of our method in the tasks of product clas-sification.展开更多
Dear Editor,The paper“Effects of a culture-specific behavior modification program on glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension:A randomized controlled trial”[1]shows that an ...Dear Editor,The paper“Effects of a culture-specific behavior modification program on glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension:A randomized controlled trial”[1]shows that an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills(IMB)-based,culturally tailored program combining dietary education,context-fit physical activity,and medication-adherence support via interactive classes and a mobile web app achieved significant 12-week reductions in HbA1c and blood pressure versus usual care.In practice,the cultural tailoring comprised Thai/Isan-specific diet guidance(the 6S-6O-1S limits on sugar[e.g.,“≤6 tsp sugar,≤6 tsp oil,≤1 tsp salt/day],oil/fat,and salt,alongside carbohydrate counting,glycemic index use,and label reading)and Soeng Isan dance to Mor Lam music for activity,while skills training covered correct medication use,individualized goal setting,and device-tracked self-monitoring reinforced by the app,nurses,and peers.展开更多
Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy ...Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.展开更多
Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely ...Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.展开更多
This paper presents a framework that can be used to formalize the specification-based single-class test generation process. Object-Z is used to describe both software requirements and the proposed framework. Using thi...This paper presents a framework that can be used to formalize the specification-based single-class test generation process. Object-Z is used to describe both software requirements and the proposed framework. Using this framework, test engineers can automatically get the testing process model during the test generation process. With this model, properties of test cases （ such as relationship between test cases and methods can easily be captured. Furthermore, with the framework, the test process model can be updated automatically with the test generation process. The properties of test cases can then be updated correspondingly. It will greatly facilitate the regression testing. The main contribution of this paper is that it provides an approach to formalizing testing process by extending existing framework to class testing, and a way to represent test cases as multi-part, multi-step, multi-level artifacts.展开更多
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiom...Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.展开更多
Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents...Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents a challenge.By exploiting the catalytic selectivity derived from the valence-band hybridization of noble metal nanoalloys,we introduce an alloying strategy to modulate the reaction specificity of metallic nanozymes.Ag Pd nanoalloy exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity and eliminated oxidase-like activity by adjusting the Ag content.The introduction of Ag changes the hybrid d band energy of the alloyed metal and inhibits the O_(2)adsorption and decomposition on Pd,while improving the peroxidase mimicry by allowing for the H_(2)O_(2)activation.By exemplifying the construction of a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric glucose detection platform with its practicality validated in serum samples,this strategy pioneers a multi-noble metal nanozyme with tailored peroxidase activity based on the chemical structure engineering and would advance the development of single-catalytic function nanozymes for building exclusively specific biosensors through reducing substrate competition.展开更多
Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance. Producing efficient and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing. Specification based testing presents a method to derive test dat...Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance. Producing efficient and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing. Specification based testing presents a method to derive test data from software specification. Because of the precision and concision of specification, the test data derived from specification can test the software efficiently and entirely. This paper demonstrates a test class framework(TCF) on a file reading case study, specified using Z notation. This test class framework defines test case sets, providing structure to the testing process. Flexibility is preserved so that many testing strategies can be used.展开更多
Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and ...Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.展开更多
HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use o...HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use of single-bead antigen assays,more was learned about donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)against these antigens.Interest in these antigens and antibodies grew when cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection(AMR),mixed rejections,chronic AMR,and reduced graft survival were reported with DSAs against these antigens.Although the deleterious effects of these DSAs are more pronounced in retransplants,harmful effects have also been observed in first-time recipients.DSAs against each of these antigens can trigger rejection alone.Their combination with DSAs against HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR can cause more damage.It has been shown that strategies that reduce mismatches for these antigen lead to fewer rejections and better graft survival.There is a need for greater consensus on the universal typing of these antigens prior to transplantation for better patient and graft outcomes.This review focuses on the interaction of these antigens with lymphocytes and killer immunoglobulin receptors,arguments for not typing them,detailed analyses of the literature about their harmful effects,potential strategies moving forward,and recommendations for the future.展开更多
AlGaN-based LEDs with peak wavelength below 240 nm(far-UVC)pose no significant harm to human health,thus highlighting their broader application potential.While,there is a significant Schottky barrier between the n-ele...AlGaN-based LEDs with peak wavelength below 240 nm(far-UVC)pose no significant harm to human health,thus highlighting their broader application potential.While,there is a significant Schottky barrier between the n-electrode and Alrich n-AlGaN,adversely impeding electron injection and resulting in considerable heat generation.Here,we fabricate V-based electrodes of V/Al/Ti/Au on n-AlGaN with Al content over 80%and investigate the relationship between the metal diffusion and contact properties during the high-temperature annealing process.Experiments reveal that decreasing V thickness in the electrode promotes the diffusion of Al towards the surface of n-AlGaN,which facilitates the formation of VN and thus the increase of local electron concentration,resulting in lower specific contact resistivity.Then,increasing the Al thickness inhibits the diffusion of Au to the n-AlGaN surface,suppressing the rise of Schottky barrier.Experimentally,an optimized n-electrode of V(10 nm)/Al(240 nm)/Ti(40 nm)/Au(50 nm)on n-Al_(0.81)Ga_(0.19)N is obtained,realizing an optimal specific contact resistivity of 7.30×10^(−4)Ω·cm^(2).Based on the optimal n-electrode preparation scheme for Al-rich n-AlGaN,the work voltage of a far-UVC LED with peak wavelength of 233.5 nm is effectively reduced.展开更多
基金funded by Sichuan Science and Technology Program,grant numbers 2021YFYZ0010,2023YFH0006,2025YFHZ0295The Basic Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Research Institutes,grant numbers 2024JDKY0001 and 2023JDKY0001.
文摘The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education of China(KLCS20240211)。
文摘With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82473887 and 21927808)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shanghai (No.23DZ2202500)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2021-1-I2M-026)。
文摘The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.
文摘Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated significant interest as a potential biomarker for use in early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.We reviewed the literature surrounding PSMA and its current clinical applications in diagnosing and managing early prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate and local lymph nodes.A search on PubMed,Medline,and Web of Science was performed using the following keywords:“PSMA”,“Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen”,“Prostate cancer”,“Biomarker”,“Diagnosis”.We considered all available articles relevant to the topic of PSMA as a biomarker in early prostate cancer when developing this narrative review.Key articles assessing the biology of PSMA,as well as its use as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in early prostate cancer,were assessed.The role of PSMA PET as a potential diagnostic and risk stratification tool was assessed.The current use of antibody-drug conjugates and radioligand therapy targeting PSMA was assessed,along with any current evidence to support their use in early prostate cancer.PSMA is heavily expressed throughout the early stages of prostate cancer,and this has significant therapeutic implications.There is a growing body of evidence that shows PSMA PET can play a role in the diagnosis,risk stratification,and prognostication of localised prostate cancer.PSMA-targeted therapies such as Lu-177 currently do not have any proven benefit in treating early prostate cancer;however,this remains an area of ongoing research.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
文摘AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20547)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Heilongjiang Province(2021ZX12B05 and 2020ZX07B02)。
文摘The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25-day storage period at 4℃.After 15 days of storage,S erratia proteamaculans and Pseudomonas fragi became the predominant bacteria.Furthermore,physicochemical properties changed significantly,as evidenced by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and b*(yellowness)value,and a decrease in hardness.A total of 65 VOCs were identified during storage.Correlation between bacterial succession and quality indicators(including VOCs and physicochemical properties)allowed the identification of 26 core dominant bacteria,including S.proteamaculans,Psychrobacter alimentarius,Pseudomonas putida,and Pseudomonas poae,which were positively related to spoilage VOCs(e.g.,1-octen-3-ol,1-pentanol,and 3-methyl-1-butanol)and could be defined as specific spoilage organisms(SSOs).The results of this study provide a systematic approach to predict SSOs in smoked chicken legs during storage,which can also provide a basis for product safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(81472924,81620108026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2015
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the new clinical diagnostic and classification criteria for Kashin-Beck disease （KBD） using six clinical markers： flexion of the distal part of fingers, deformed fingers, enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, squat down, and dwarfism. One-third of the total population in Linyou County was sampled by stratified random sampling.
基金Supported by the Major Funded Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70890083)
文摘To achieve online automatic classification of product is a great need of e-commerce de-velopment. By analyzing the characteristics of product images, we proposed a fast supervised image classifier which is based on class-specific Pyramid Histogram Of Words (PHOW) descriptor and Im-age-to-Class distance (PHOW/I2C). In the training phase, the local features are densely sampled and represented as soft-voting PHOW descriptors, and then the class-specific descriptors are built with the means and variances of distribution of each visual word in each labelled class. For online testing, the normalized chi-square distance is calculated between the descriptor of query image and each class-specific descriptor. The class label corresponding to the least I2C distance is taken as the final winner. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and quickness of our method in the tasks of product clas-sification.
文摘Dear Editor,The paper“Effects of a culture-specific behavior modification program on glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension:A randomized controlled trial”[1]shows that an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills(IMB)-based,culturally tailored program combining dietary education,context-fit physical activity,and medication-adherence support via interactive classes and a mobile web app achieved significant 12-week reductions in HbA1c and blood pressure versus usual care.In practice,the cultural tailoring comprised Thai/Isan-specific diet guidance(the 6S-6O-1S limits on sugar[e.g.,“≤6 tsp sugar,≤6 tsp oil,≤1 tsp salt/day],oil/fat,and salt,alongside carbohydrate counting,glycemic index use,and label reading)and Soeng Isan dance to Mor Lam music for activity,while skills training covered correct medication use,individualized goal setting,and device-tracked self-monitoring reinforced by the app,nurses,and peers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFB3205500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275190,12105201)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB723)the Shenzhen Research Funding Program(JCYJ20230807154402004)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the 111 Project,the Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices,and the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials and Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research.
文摘Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
文摘Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.
文摘This paper presents a framework that can be used to formalize the specification-based single-class test generation process. Object-Z is used to describe both software requirements and the proposed framework. Using this framework, test engineers can automatically get the testing process model during the test generation process. With this model, properties of test cases （ such as relationship between test cases and methods can easily be captured. Furthermore, with the framework, the test process model can be updated automatically with the test generation process. The properties of test cases can then be updated correspondingly. It will greatly facilitate the regression testing. The main contribution of this paper is that it provides an approach to formalizing testing process by extending existing framework to class testing, and a way to represent test cases as multi-part, multi-step, multi-level artifacts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277104,22325703,22074084)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.202203021212184)+3 种基金Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Free Exploration)(No.202203021221009)2022 Lvliang City science and technology plan project(Nos.2022SHFZ51,2022GXYF15)Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University(No.201512)。
文摘Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22074038)the Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Natural Science General Project(No.21010905)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Domestic Visiting Scholar Program of Shandong University of Science and Technology。
文摘Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents a challenge.By exploiting the catalytic selectivity derived from the valence-band hybridization of noble metal nanoalloys,we introduce an alloying strategy to modulate the reaction specificity of metallic nanozymes.Ag Pd nanoalloy exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity and eliminated oxidase-like activity by adjusting the Ag content.The introduction of Ag changes the hybrid d band energy of the alloyed metal and inhibits the O_(2)adsorption and decomposition on Pd,while improving the peroxidase mimicry by allowing for the H_(2)O_(2)activation.By exemplifying the construction of a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric glucose detection platform with its practicality validated in serum samples,this strategy pioneers a multi-noble metal nanozyme with tailored peroxidase activity based on the chemical structure engineering and would advance the development of single-catalytic function nanozymes for building exclusively specific biosensors through reducing substrate competition.
文摘Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance. Producing efficient and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing. Specification based testing presents a method to derive test data from software specification. Because of the precision and concision of specification, the test data derived from specification can test the software efficiently and entirely. This paper demonstrates a test class framework(TCF) on a file reading case study, specified using Z notation. This test class framework defines test case sets, providing structure to the testing process. Flexibility is preserved so that many testing strategies can be used.
基金Projects(52372284,52275187,62004143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022BAA084)supported by the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(232300421135)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China。
文摘Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.
文摘HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use of single-bead antigen assays,more was learned about donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)against these antigens.Interest in these antigens and antibodies grew when cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection(AMR),mixed rejections,chronic AMR,and reduced graft survival were reported with DSAs against these antigens.Although the deleterious effects of these DSAs are more pronounced in retransplants,harmful effects have also been observed in first-time recipients.DSAs against each of these antigens can trigger rejection alone.Their combination with DSAs against HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR can cause more damage.It has been shown that strategies that reduce mismatches for these antigen lead to fewer rejections and better graft survival.There is a need for greater consensus on the universal typing of these antigens prior to transplantation for better patient and graft outcomes.This review focuses on the interaction of these antigens with lymphocytes and killer immunoglobulin receptors,arguments for not typing them,detailed analyses of the literature about their harmful effects,potential strategies moving forward,and recommendations for the future.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3605103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62425408,62121005,U22A2084,12234018)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023223)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20230101345JC,20230101360JC,SKL202302026)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200182).
文摘AlGaN-based LEDs with peak wavelength below 240 nm(far-UVC)pose no significant harm to human health,thus highlighting their broader application potential.While,there is a significant Schottky barrier between the n-electrode and Alrich n-AlGaN,adversely impeding electron injection and resulting in considerable heat generation.Here,we fabricate V-based electrodes of V/Al/Ti/Au on n-AlGaN with Al content over 80%and investigate the relationship between the metal diffusion and contact properties during the high-temperature annealing process.Experiments reveal that decreasing V thickness in the electrode promotes the diffusion of Al towards the surface of n-AlGaN,which facilitates the formation of VN and thus the increase of local electron concentration,resulting in lower specific contact resistivity.Then,increasing the Al thickness inhibits the diffusion of Au to the n-AlGaN surface,suppressing the rise of Schottky barrier.Experimentally,an optimized n-electrode of V(10 nm)/Al(240 nm)/Ti(40 nm)/Au(50 nm)on n-Al_(0.81)Ga_(0.19)N is obtained,realizing an optimal specific contact resistivity of 7.30×10^(−4)Ω·cm^(2).Based on the optimal n-electrode preparation scheme for Al-rich n-AlGaN,the work voltage of a far-UVC LED with peak wavelength of 233.5 nm is effectively reduced.
