In the industrial process of producing the strong phosphoric acid(SPA),clarification of the solution is essential to the ultimate product.However,the large viscosity of sediment and the induced interface interaction r...In the industrial process of producing the strong phosphoric acid(SPA),clarification of the solution is essential to the ultimate product.However,the large viscosity of sediment and the induced interface interaction result in difficulties when the SPA is clarified.CFD numerical methodology was applied to simulate internal flow field and performance of the low speed scraper based on Mixture solidliquid two-phase flow model.Sediment deposition was generated by loading solid particles at the bottom of clarifying vessel.The moving mesh and RNG k-εmodel were used to simulate the rotational turbulent flow in clarifying tank.Variables studied,amongst others,were the scraper rotation speed and the mounting height,which could affect the solid suspension height.Features of flow field and solid volume fraction distribution in computational domain were presented and analyzed.The numerical reports of the scraper torque and velocities of inlet and outlet filed were obtained.It seems the torque value of rotatio-nal axis and particle suspending height augment with an increasing rotating speed.Meanwhile,a high revolving speed is good for the deposition discharge.The particle fraction distribution in meridional surface and horizontal surface at fixed rotation speed were analyzed to determine the corresponding optimal installation height.The simulating results reflect the flow field is marginally stirred by the scraper and proper working parameters are obtained,in which case the comprehensive properties of the scraper and the clarifying tank are superior.展开更多
The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimenta...The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles with different concentrations. The algorithm and program have been developed for an interactive, rapid and convenient processing of the data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles and allow obtaining with accuracy of precise and expressive graphs which characterize the behaviour of aqueous suspensions to sedimentation in stationary column. Sedimentation study of different aqueous suspensions of solids particles in stationary column is of great importance for experimentally determining the important parameters required to design and exploitation clarifiers and sludge thickeners from waste water treatment plants.展开更多
This article presents views on the future development of data science,with a particular focus on its importance to artificial intel-ligence(AI).After discussing the challenges of data science,it elu-cidates a possible...This article presents views on the future development of data science,with a particular focus on its importance to artificial intel-ligence(AI).After discussing the challenges of data science,it elu-cidates a possible approach to tackle these challenges by clarifying the logic and principles of data related to the multi-level complex-ity of the world.Finally,urgently required actions are briefly outlined.展开更多
Component-based Chinese Medicine(CCM)stands as a pivotal endeavor in modernizing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).By integrating classical TCM theories with modern scientific methodologies,CCM aims to achieve herbal ...Component-based Chinese Medicine(CCM)stands as a pivotal endeavor in modernizing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).By integrating classical TCM theories with modern scientific methodologies,CCM aims to achieve herbal formulas with“defined components,clarified mechanisms,and controllable quality.”This approach not only transitions TCM development from empirical tradition to evidence-based science but also positions it for global recognition.Drawing on recent advancements in CCM,this editorial explores key insights and challenges shaping its trajectory.展开更多
The nature of the slurry from the stone-crushing and sand-making processes is analyzed to develop a novel separation process.The process comprises hydro-cyclone separation followed by screening of the fines,clarificat...The nature of the slurry from the stone-crushing and sand-making processes is analyzed to develop a novel separation process.The process comprises hydro-cyclone separation followed by screening of the fines,clarification,and filtration.Recovering fine sand and clean wastewater for recycle is demonstrated.The +0.045 mm fine sand fraction and à0.045 mm ultra-fine clay in the slurry are separated and recovered.Fine sand that was previously lost and wasted is now recoverable.The cleaned and reused water is as much as 94% of the total.展开更多
Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival,growth,and development of deciduous perennial plants.The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit p...Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival,growth,and development of deciduous perennial plants.The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees.A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements.Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy,but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study.In this review,we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction,maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees.We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees.We discuss phytohormones,epigenetic regulation,and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy,centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and Dormancy-associated MADS-box(DAM)genes during endodormancy maintenance and release.Combining previous studies and our observations,we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.展开更多
In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(...In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.展开更多
Nematic liquid crystal system of interacting biaxial particles via dispersion forces is studied.The molecular orienting potential form in a magnetic field is given for the first time.Weakly ordered isotropic phase is ...Nematic liquid crystal system of interacting biaxial particles via dispersion forces is studied.The molecular orienting potential form in a magnetic field is given for the first time.Weakly ordered isotropic phase is treated in the two-particle cluster approximation.Taking account of the molecular biaxiality,it is found that the ratio of the lowest supercooling temperature T^(*)to the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature TC approaches the observed value,and the validity of the mean field theory is clarified.展开更多
Pyrolysis of Shenmu coal was performed in fixed-bed reactors indirectly heated by reducing operating pressure and mounting internals in the reactor to explore their synergetic effects on coal pyrolysis. Mounting inter...Pyrolysis of Shenmu coal was performed in fixed-bed reactors indirectly heated by reducing operating pressure and mounting internals in the reactor to explore their synergetic effects on coal pyrolysis. Mounting internals particularly designed greatly improved the heat transfer inside coal bed and raised the yield of tar production.Reducing pressure further facilitated the production of tar through its suppression of secondary reactions occurring in the reactor. The absolute increase in tar yield reached 3.33 wt% in comparison with the pyrolysis in the reactor without internals under atmospheric pressure. The obtained tar yield in the reactor with internals under reduced pressure was even higher than the yield of Gray–King assay. Through experiments in a laboratory fixed bed reactor, it was also clarified that the effect of reducing pressure is related to volatile release rate in pyrolysis. It did not obviously vary tar yield at pyrolysis temperatures below 600 ℃, while the effect was evident at 650 and 700 ℃ but became limited again above 800 ℃. Under reduced pressure the produced tar contained more aliphatics and phenols but less aromatics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vul...OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), and to analyze the relationship between MK expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. METHODS: Thirty VSCC, 15 VIN and 10 VCA patients were studied by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. MK expression was compared with clinicopathologic features of vulvar tumors. RESULTS: MK was expressed in 26 of 30 VSCC (87%), 3 of 5 VIN III and all VCA samples, whereas no MK expression was detected in the VIN I-II samples or in normal epithelium. The difference of MK expression between VIN III and VSCC was statistically significant (P展开更多
Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells(DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity,studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effe...Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells(DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity,studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces,their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns(BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins(HSPs) and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.展开更多
The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specifi...The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specific electrical signals that run through our neural networks induces a number of plastic changes at both functional and structural levels.展开更多
AIM:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG), a major compound of tea polyphenols, exhibited antitumor activity in previous studies. In these studies, EGCG usually inhibits EGFR, and impairs the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in ...AIM:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG), a major compound of tea polyphenols, exhibited antitumor activity in previous studies. In these studies, EGCG usually inhibits EGFR, and impairs the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in tumor cells. The aim was to clarify the mechanism of ERK1/2 activation induced by EGCG. METHODS: Jurkat and 293 T cells were treated with EGCG in different culture conditions. Western Blotting(WB) was employed to analyze ERK1/2 and MEK phosphorylation. Cetuximab and FR180204 were used to inhibit cell signaling. The stability of EGCG was assessed by HPLC. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide generated by the auto-oxidation of EGCG was determined by photocolorimetric analysis. RESULTS: Activation of ERK1/2 was observed to be both time- and dose-dependent. Stimulation of cell signaling was dependent on MEK activity, but independent of EGFR activity. Unexpectedly, EGCG was depleted within one hour of incubation under traditional culture conditions. Auto-oxidation of EGCG generated a high level of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. Addition of catalase and SOD to the acidic medium inhibited the oxidation of EGCG. However, this particular condition also prevented the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The generation of ROS by hydrogen peroxide may also induce ERK1/2 activation in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION: ERK1/2 phosphorylation was caused by auto-oxidation of EGCG. Traditional culture conditions were determined to be inappropriate for EGCG research.展开更多
The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined an...The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined and yet abstract concept.Multiple authors have elaborated from diverse educational and psychometric perspectives on the development of the construct,the measurement model,and the assessment of the construct.In this attempt,many issues associated with the conception of PL were clarified and insightful information and arguments were brought forward.In this regard,the special issue has moved our understanding of the concept one step further.More importantly,it points to a possibility to actualize the teaching of the concept in physical education (PE).展开更多
Evodiamine and its derivatives have an asymmetric center at the C13 b position.Herein,isomers of evodiamine derivatives 2 and 3 were obtained by straightforward asymmetric total synthesis.Their inhibitory activities t...Evodiamine and its derivatives have an asymmetric center at the C13 b position.Herein,isomers of evodiamine derivatives 2 and 3 were obtained by straightforward asymmetric total synthesis.Their inhibitory activities toward topoisomerases Ⅰ and Ⅱ and their cytotoxicities in cancer cell lines were evaluated.All the four isomers exhibited good to excellent antitumor potency and the（S）-isomers were generally more active than the（R）-isomers.The binding modes of（S）-2 with topoisomerases Ⅰ and Ⅱ were also clarified by molecular docking.展开更多
Plants typically exhibit the purple phenomenon as a result of an increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins.A new tea germplasm'P113'was recently selected from Camellia tachangensis,which is purple in tender shoo...Plants typically exhibit the purple phenomenon as a result of an increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins.A new tea germplasm'P113'was recently selected from Camellia tachangensis,which is purple in tender shoots.In the present study,integrated transcriptome and metabolome were used to analyze the flavonoid metabolite components and the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in'P113'.A total of 86 flavonoid metabolites were identified,including 70 significantly differential metabolites(p<0.05)and they were enriched to the three metabolic pathways of ko00941,ko00942 and ko00944 through KEGG pathway analysis.A total of 136 flavonoid involved genes were obtained from transcriptomic study,of which 53 were significantly differentially expressed in developmental shoots.The correlation between metabolite profiling and transcriptome,transcriptome and protein interactions suggested that transcription factor MYB12 and glycosyltransferase UGT78D2 had a good facilitation on purple tender shoots.The metabolic pathways and potential genes that underlie the coloration of the shoots in'P113'are clarified in this study.It also lays the groundwork for identifying potential genes involved in color variation and offers a theoretical framework for the creation and use of distinctive genetic resources and the breeding of new cultivars.展开更多
This paper deals with two concepts of polynomial dichotomy for linear difference equations which are defined in a Banach space and whose norms can increase not faster than exponentially.Some illustrating examples clar...This paper deals with two concepts of polynomial dichotomy for linear difference equations which are defined in a Banach space and whose norms can increase not faster than exponentially.Some illustrating examples clarify the relations between these concepts.Our approach is based on the extension of techniques for exponential dichotomy to the case of polynomial dichotomy.The obtained results are generalizations of well-known theorems about the exponential stability and exponential dichotomy.展开更多
Osteocytes in vivo are embedded in the mineralized extracellular bone matrix,where their cell bodies reside in the lacunae and are interconnected to neighboring osteocytes through numerous intercellular processes.The ...Osteocytes in vivo are embedded in the mineralized extracellular bone matrix,where their cell bodies reside in the lacunae and are interconnected to neighboring osteocytes through numerous intercellular processes.The 3-dimensional（3D）osteocyte network positioning and ability to communicate with other bone cells make osteocytes ideal mechanosensors of bone.Thus the role of osteocyte network and intercellular communication between osteocytes in response to mechanical stimulation may clarify the mechanisms behind normal bone adaptation to mechanical loading.We have been using intracellular calcium([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>)as a ubiquitous real-time signaling indicator for studying mechanotransduction in osteocytic network展开更多
Background:For long dietary guidelines,it is recommended to avoid foods rich in saturated fatlike Ghrita,also named clarified butter or ghee,which is considered as the culprit of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,strok...Background:For long dietary guidelines,it is recommended to avoid foods rich in saturated fatlike Ghrita,also named clarified butter or ghee,which is considered as the culprit of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,stroke,etc.Contradictory to the modern medical science,Ayurveda advocated for numerous benefits of the usage of Ghrita in the judicious manner.This paper systematically reviews and analyses the scientific researches that carried out on the benefits and harms associated with the usage of Ghrita.Methods and Findings:A search over the various search engines like Pubmed,Google was made.The relevant articles and chapters from books retrieved in English language were saved to a folder and analysed for their utility relevant to the topic and the matter was presented in a systematic manner.Results:Ghrita consisted various fats(saturated,monosaturated and polyunsaturated),fatty acids,minerals,vitamins etc.And the composition of Ghrita varies along with the method of preparation.Scientific researches carried out on Ghrita plain as well as medicated have reported about the depressant effects of medicated Ghrita in gross behavioural tests,potentiated phentobarbitone sleeping time,analgesic effect and stimulatory effect on cognition.Further,studies conducted to evaluate the effect of Ghrita on the serum lipid levels showed a dose dependant decrease in the total cholesterol,low density lipoproteins,and very low density lipoproteins.Ghrita was also reported to have wound healing activity.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest the beneficial effects of plain as well as medicated Ghrita on the various components of health and break the myth associated to the exclusion of Ghrita in diet.These researches also substantiate the claims made by the classical texts of Ayurveda.展开更多
The calculations of the clusters,T_(27) and T_(27)B_(7)(T=Fe,Co and Ni),modelling metallic glasses have been performed using the quantum chemical linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-X_(α) method.The argument ...The calculations of the clusters,T_(27) and T_(27)B_(7)(T=Fe,Co and Ni),modelling metallic glasses have been performed using the quantum chemical linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-X_(α) method.The argument about the relation between magnetic moment and charge transfer has been clarified based on the calculated results.展开更多
基金Graduate Research and Innovation Program in Jiangsu Province(KYZZ16_0286)
文摘In the industrial process of producing the strong phosphoric acid(SPA),clarification of the solution is essential to the ultimate product.However,the large viscosity of sediment and the induced interface interaction result in difficulties when the SPA is clarified.CFD numerical methodology was applied to simulate internal flow field and performance of the low speed scraper based on Mixture solidliquid two-phase flow model.Sediment deposition was generated by loading solid particles at the bottom of clarifying vessel.The moving mesh and RNG k-εmodel were used to simulate the rotational turbulent flow in clarifying tank.Variables studied,amongst others,were the scraper rotation speed and the mounting height,which could affect the solid suspension height.Features of flow field and solid volume fraction distribution in computational domain were presented and analyzed.The numerical reports of the scraper torque and velocities of inlet and outlet filed were obtained.It seems the torque value of rotatio-nal axis and particle suspending height augment with an increasing rotating speed.Meanwhile,a high revolving speed is good for the deposition discharge.The particle fraction distribution in meridional surface and horizontal surface at fixed rotation speed were analyzed to determine the corresponding optimal installation height.The simulating results reflect the flow field is marginally stirred by the scraper and proper working parameters are obtained,in which case the comprehensive properties of the scraper and the clarifying tank are superior.
文摘The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles with different concentrations. The algorithm and program have been developed for an interactive, rapid and convenient processing of the data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles and allow obtaining with accuracy of precise and expressive graphs which characterize the behaviour of aqueous suspensions to sedimentation in stationary column. Sedimentation study of different aqueous suspensions of solids particles in stationary column is of great importance for experimentally determining the important parameters required to design and exploitation clarifiers and sludge thickeners from waste water treatment plants.
文摘This article presents views on the future development of data science,with a particular focus on its importance to artificial intel-ligence(AI).After discussing the challenges of data science,it elu-cidates a possible approach to tackle these challenges by clarifying the logic and principles of data related to the multi-level complex-ity of the world.Finally,urgently required actions are briefly outlined.
文摘Component-based Chinese Medicine(CCM)stands as a pivotal endeavor in modernizing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).By integrating classical TCM theories with modern scientific methodologies,CCM aims to achieve herbal formulas with“defined components,clarified mechanisms,and controllable quality.”This approach not only transitions TCM development from empirical tradition to evidence-based science but also positions it for global recognition.Drawing on recent advancements in CCM,this editorial explores key insights and challenges shaping its trajectory.
基金financially supported by Xinkaiyuan Crushed Stones Co. Ltd
文摘The nature of the slurry from the stone-crushing and sand-making processes is analyzed to develop a novel separation process.The process comprises hydro-cyclone separation followed by screening of the fines,clarification,and filtration.Recovering fine sand and clean wastewater for recycle is demonstrated.The +0.045 mm fine sand fraction and à0.045 mm ultra-fine clay in the slurry are separated and recovered.Fine sand that was previously lost and wasted is now recoverable.The cleaned and reused water is as much as 94% of the total.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000104)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival,growth,and development of deciduous perennial plants.The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees.A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements.Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy,but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study.In this review,we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction,maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees.We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees.We discuss phytohormones,epigenetic regulation,and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy,centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and Dormancy-associated MADS-box(DAM)genes during endodormancy maintenance and release.Combining previous studies and our observations,we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.
基金Supported by the College of Scientific Innovation Significant Cultivation Fund Financing Projects(No.708047)the Key Special Program for Pollution Control(No.2012ZX07101-003)
文摘In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.
基金Supported by the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.198002.
文摘Nematic liquid crystal system of interacting biaxial particles via dispersion forces is studied.The molecular orienting potential form in a magnetic field is given for the first time.Weakly ordered isotropic phase is treated in the two-particle cluster approximation.Taking account of the molecular biaxiality,it is found that the ratio of the lowest supercooling temperature T^(*)to the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature TC approaches the observed value,and the validity of the mean field theory is clarified.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21376250)National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB744303)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA07010100)
文摘Pyrolysis of Shenmu coal was performed in fixed-bed reactors indirectly heated by reducing operating pressure and mounting internals in the reactor to explore their synergetic effects on coal pyrolysis. Mounting internals particularly designed greatly improved the heat transfer inside coal bed and raised the yield of tar production.Reducing pressure further facilitated the production of tar through its suppression of secondary reactions occurring in the reactor. The absolute increase in tar yield reached 3.33 wt% in comparison with the pyrolysis in the reactor without internals under atmospheric pressure. The obtained tar yield in the reactor with internals under reduced pressure was even higher than the yield of Gray–King assay. Through experiments in a laboratory fixed bed reactor, it was also clarified that the effect of reducing pressure is related to volatile release rate in pyrolysis. It did not obviously vary tar yield at pyrolysis temperatures below 600 ℃, while the effect was evident at 650 and 700 ℃ but became limited again above 800 ℃. Under reduced pressure the produced tar contained more aliphatics and phenols but less aromatics.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), and to analyze the relationship between MK expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. METHODS: Thirty VSCC, 15 VIN and 10 VCA patients were studied by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. MK expression was compared with clinicopathologic features of vulvar tumors. RESULTS: MK was expressed in 26 of 30 VSCC (87%), 3 of 5 VIN III and all VCA samples, whereas no MK expression was detected in the VIN I-II samples or in normal epithelium. The difference of MK expression between VIN III and VSCC was statistically significant (P
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2019C03081)。
文摘Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells(DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity,studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces,their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns(BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins(HSPs) and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.
文摘The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specific electrical signals that run through our neural networks induces a number of plastic changes at both functional and structural levels.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2012FB151)
文摘AIM:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG), a major compound of tea polyphenols, exhibited antitumor activity in previous studies. In these studies, EGCG usually inhibits EGFR, and impairs the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in tumor cells. The aim was to clarify the mechanism of ERK1/2 activation induced by EGCG. METHODS: Jurkat and 293 T cells were treated with EGCG in different culture conditions. Western Blotting(WB) was employed to analyze ERK1/2 and MEK phosphorylation. Cetuximab and FR180204 were used to inhibit cell signaling. The stability of EGCG was assessed by HPLC. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide generated by the auto-oxidation of EGCG was determined by photocolorimetric analysis. RESULTS: Activation of ERK1/2 was observed to be both time- and dose-dependent. Stimulation of cell signaling was dependent on MEK activity, but independent of EGFR activity. Unexpectedly, EGCG was depleted within one hour of incubation under traditional culture conditions. Auto-oxidation of EGCG generated a high level of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. Addition of catalase and SOD to the acidic medium inhibited the oxidation of EGCG. However, this particular condition also prevented the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The generation of ROS by hydrogen peroxide may also induce ERK1/2 activation in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION: ERK1/2 phosphorylation was caused by auto-oxidation of EGCG. Traditional culture conditions were determined to be inappropriate for EGCG research.
文摘The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined and yet abstract concept.Multiple authors have elaborated from diverse educational and psychometric perspectives on the development of the construct,the measurement model,and the assessment of the construct.In this attempt,many issues associated with the conception of PL were clarified and insightful information and arguments were brought forward.In this regard,the special issue has moved our understanding of the concept one step further.More importantly,it points to a possibility to actualize the teaching of the concept in physical education (PE).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81222044,81373278)Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Nos.11431920402,14YF1405400)
文摘Evodiamine and its derivatives have an asymmetric center at the C13 b position.Herein,isomers of evodiamine derivatives 2 and 3 were obtained by straightforward asymmetric total synthesis.Their inhibitory activities toward topoisomerases Ⅰ and Ⅱ and their cytotoxicities in cancer cell lines were evaluated.All the four isomers exhibited good to excellent antitumor potency and the（S）-isomers were generally more active than the（R）-isomers.The binding modes of（S）-2 with topoisomerases Ⅰ and Ⅱ were also clarified by molecular docking.
基金supported by the Project of the National key R&D plan(2021YFD1200203-1)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou province,in RP China([2019]1404)+2 种基金Project of the National Science Foundation,in RP China(32060700),Project of the key field project of Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Department of education(KY[2021]042)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou province,in RP China([2021]General Project 126)Project of the National key R&D plan(2021YFD1100307)。
文摘Plants typically exhibit the purple phenomenon as a result of an increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins.A new tea germplasm'P113'was recently selected from Camellia tachangensis,which is purple in tender shoots.In the present study,integrated transcriptome and metabolome were used to analyze the flavonoid metabolite components and the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in'P113'.A total of 86 flavonoid metabolites were identified,including 70 significantly differential metabolites(p<0.05)and they were enriched to the three metabolic pathways of ko00941,ko00942 and ko00944 through KEGG pathway analysis.A total of 136 flavonoid involved genes were obtained from transcriptomic study,of which 53 were significantly differentially expressed in developmental shoots.The correlation between metabolite profiling and transcriptome,transcriptome and protein interactions suggested that transcription factor MYB12 and glycosyltransferase UGT78D2 had a good facilitation on purple tender shoots.The metabolic pathways and potential genes that underlie the coloration of the shoots in'P113'are clarified in this study.It also lays the groundwork for identifying potential genes involved in color variation and offers a theoretical framework for the creation and use of distinctive genetic resources and the breeding of new cultivars.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2012LWB53)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2014CFB629)
文摘This paper deals with two concepts of polynomial dichotomy for linear difference equations which are defined in a Banach space and whose norms can increase not faster than exponentially.Some illustrating examples clarify the relations between these concepts.Our approach is based on the extension of techniques for exponential dichotomy to the case of polynomial dichotomy.The obtained results are generalizations of well-known theorems about the exponential stability and exponential dichotomy.
基金supported by the US National Institutes of Health grants R21 AR052417,R01 AR052461,RC1 AR058453(XEG),and R01 AR054385(LW)
文摘Osteocytes in vivo are embedded in the mineralized extracellular bone matrix,where their cell bodies reside in the lacunae and are interconnected to neighboring osteocytes through numerous intercellular processes.The 3-dimensional（3D）osteocyte network positioning and ability to communicate with other bone cells make osteocytes ideal mechanosensors of bone.Thus the role of osteocyte network and intercellular communication between osteocytes in response to mechanical stimulation may clarify the mechanisms behind normal bone adaptation to mechanical loading.We have been using intracellular calcium([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>)as a ubiquitous real-time signaling indicator for studying mechanotransduction in osteocytic network
文摘Background:For long dietary guidelines,it is recommended to avoid foods rich in saturated fatlike Ghrita,also named clarified butter or ghee,which is considered as the culprit of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,stroke,etc.Contradictory to the modern medical science,Ayurveda advocated for numerous benefits of the usage of Ghrita in the judicious manner.This paper systematically reviews and analyses the scientific researches that carried out on the benefits and harms associated with the usage of Ghrita.Methods and Findings:A search over the various search engines like Pubmed,Google was made.The relevant articles and chapters from books retrieved in English language were saved to a folder and analysed for their utility relevant to the topic and the matter was presented in a systematic manner.Results:Ghrita consisted various fats(saturated,monosaturated and polyunsaturated),fatty acids,minerals,vitamins etc.And the composition of Ghrita varies along with the method of preparation.Scientific researches carried out on Ghrita plain as well as medicated have reported about the depressant effects of medicated Ghrita in gross behavioural tests,potentiated phentobarbitone sleeping time,analgesic effect and stimulatory effect on cognition.Further,studies conducted to evaluate the effect of Ghrita on the serum lipid levels showed a dose dependant decrease in the total cholesterol,low density lipoproteins,and very low density lipoproteins.Ghrita was also reported to have wound healing activity.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest the beneficial effects of plain as well as medicated Ghrita on the various components of health and break the myth associated to the exclusion of Ghrita in diet.These researches also substantiate the claims made by the classical texts of Ayurveda.
文摘The calculations of the clusters,T_(27) and T_(27)B_(7)(T=Fe,Co and Ni),modelling metallic glasses have been performed using the quantum chemical linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-X_(α) method.The argument about the relation between magnetic moment and charge transfer has been clarified based on the calculated results.
