Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is...Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).展开更多
The 1 195 bp 5′ flanking region of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cytosolic fructose_1, 6_bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) can direct tissue, cell specific expression in transgenic rice. In order to identify sequence elements ...The 1 195 bp 5′ flanking region of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cytosolic fructose_1, 6_bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) can direct tissue, cell specific expression in transgenic rice. In order to identify sequence elements responsible for the regulation of mesophyll_specific expression, the 5′ flanking regions of -1 195 bp, -1 102 bp, -768 bp, and -644 bp upstream of the translation initiation ATG codon were fused to the reporter gene encoding β_glucuronidase (GUS) and transferred to rice via particle bombardment. Analysis of the 5′ promoter deletions identified that a 93 bp fragment between -1 195 bp and -1 102 bp is essential for directing mesophyll specific expression. High constitutive expression of GUS reporter gene was found in the -768 deletion lines and another two deletion series. These results indicate the great potential utility of the promoter in rice biotechnology.展开更多
Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormone...Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.展开更多
The literature reviewed places P. glaucum as a cereal characterized by its nutritional quality and high tolerance to drought stress. However, very little is known about the fine mechanism it uses in response to water ...The literature reviewed places P. glaucum as a cereal characterized by its nutritional quality and high tolerance to drought stress. However, very little is known about the fine mechanism it uses in response to water stress. To try to clarify this point, we carried out an analysis of the modulation of the expression of regulatory genes of the FT bZIP family. A full genome screening of P. glaucum identified 52 putative FT bZIPs, identifying 9 FT PgbZIP differentially expressed under water stress conditions filtered from RNA-seq data from a Transcriptome deposited at the NCBI. The promoter regions of these genes presented multiple elements or cis ABREs and DRE motifs, thus suggesting their double modulated participation in the slow or adaptive response and in the rapid response of this cereal to water stress. The findings of this study provide complementary data for the understanding of the mechanism behind the adaptation of P. glaucum under water stress, and may be relevant for molecular applications of potential crops.展开更多
The coupling iteration (CI) of the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the magnetic and mechanical characteristics for a GMM actuator. The convergent ability under different prestress and different load typ...The coupling iteration (CI) of the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the magnetic and mechanical characteristics for a GMM actuator. The convergent ability under different prestress and different load types is investigated. Then the calculated deformations are compared with the experimental values. The results convince that the CI of FEM is suitable for the simulation of energy coupling and transformation mechanism of the GMM. At last, the output deformation properties are studied under different input currents, showing that there is a good compromise between good linearity and large strain under the prestress 6 MPa.展开更多
Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulator...Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.展开更多
With the development of high-throughput biology techniques and artificial intelligence,it has become increasingly feasible to design and construct artificial biological parts,modules,circuits,and even whole systems.To...With the development of high-throughput biology techniques and artificial intelligence,it has become increasingly feasible to design and construct artificial biological parts,modules,circuits,and even whole systems.To overcome the limitations of native promoters in controlling gene expression,artificial promoter design aims to synthesize short,inducible,and conditionally controlled promoters to coordinate the expression of multiple genes in diverse plant metabolic and signaling pathways.Synthetic promoters are versatile and can drive gene expression accurately with smart responses;they show potential for enhancing desirable traits in crops,thereby improving crop yield,nutritional quality,and food security.This review first illustrates the importance of synthetic promoters,then introduces promoter architecture and thoroughly summarizes advances in synthetic promoter construction.Restrictions to the development of synthetic promoters and future applications of such promoters in synthetic plant biology and crop improvement are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070656)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).
文摘The 1 195 bp 5′ flanking region of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cytosolic fructose_1, 6_bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) can direct tissue, cell specific expression in transgenic rice. In order to identify sequence elements responsible for the regulation of mesophyll_specific expression, the 5′ flanking regions of -1 195 bp, -1 102 bp, -768 bp, and -644 bp upstream of the translation initiation ATG codon were fused to the reporter gene encoding β_glucuronidase (GUS) and transferred to rice via particle bombardment. Analysis of the 5′ promoter deletions identified that a 93 bp fragment between -1 195 bp and -1 102 bp is essential for directing mesophyll specific expression. High constitutive expression of GUS reporter gene was found in the -768 deletion lines and another two deletion series. These results indicate the great potential utility of the promoter in rice biotechnology.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.31690093)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(China Association for Science and Technology)
文摘Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.
文摘The literature reviewed places P. glaucum as a cereal characterized by its nutritional quality and high tolerance to drought stress. However, very little is known about the fine mechanism it uses in response to water stress. To try to clarify this point, we carried out an analysis of the modulation of the expression of regulatory genes of the FT bZIP family. A full genome screening of P. glaucum identified 52 putative FT bZIPs, identifying 9 FT PgbZIP differentially expressed under water stress conditions filtered from RNA-seq data from a Transcriptome deposited at the NCBI. The promoter regions of these genes presented multiple elements or cis ABREs and DRE motifs, thus suggesting their double modulated participation in the slow or adaptive response and in the rapid response of this cereal to water stress. The findings of this study provide complementary data for the understanding of the mechanism behind the adaptation of P. glaucum under water stress, and may be relevant for molecular applications of potential crops.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50077019).
文摘The coupling iteration (CI) of the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the magnetic and mechanical characteristics for a GMM actuator. The convergent ability under different prestress and different load types is investigated. Then the calculated deformations are compared with the experimental values. The results convince that the CI of FEM is suitable for the simulation of energy coupling and transformation mechanism of the GMM. At last, the output deformation properties are studied under different input currents, showing that there is a good compromise between good linearity and large strain under the prestress 6 MPa.
基金funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants fromthe Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(2022R1C1C1002941 and RS-2024-00407469 to C.-T.K.,2020R1A2C1101915 to S.J.P.,2020R1A2C1004273 to RS-2023-00217064 to W.-J.H.).
文摘Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.
基金funded by Key Research and Development Projects(nos.2018YFA0901000 and 2018YFA0901003)the BIO-Agri.project of SJTU.
文摘With the development of high-throughput biology techniques and artificial intelligence,it has become increasingly feasible to design and construct artificial biological parts,modules,circuits,and even whole systems.To overcome the limitations of native promoters in controlling gene expression,artificial promoter design aims to synthesize short,inducible,and conditionally controlled promoters to coordinate the expression of multiple genes in diverse plant metabolic and signaling pathways.Synthetic promoters are versatile and can drive gene expression accurately with smart responses;they show potential for enhancing desirable traits in crops,thereby improving crop yield,nutritional quality,and food security.This review first illustrates the importance of synthetic promoters,then introduces promoter architecture and thoroughly summarizes advances in synthetic promoter construction.Restrictions to the development of synthetic promoters and future applications of such promoters in synthetic plant biology and crop improvement are also discussed.
