Based on particle flow theory, the influences of the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress on failure mechanism of hard rock with a pre-existing circular opening were studied by carrying out tru...Based on particle flow theory, the influences of the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress on failure mechanism of hard rock with a pre-existing circular opening were studied by carrying out true triaxial tests on siltstone specimen. It is shown that peak strength of siltstone specimen increases firstly and subsequently decreases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress. And its turning point is related to the minimum principal stress and the direction of the intermediate principal stress. Failure characteristic(brittleness or ductility) of siltstone is determined by the minimum principal stress and the difference between the intermediate and minimum principal stress. The intermediate principal stress has a significant effect on the types and distributions of microcracks. The failure modes of the specimen are determined by the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress, and related to weakening effect of the opening and inhibition effect of confining pressure in essence: when weakening effect of the opening is greater than inhibition effect of confining pressure, the failure surface is parallel to the x axis(such as σ2=σ3=0 MPa); conversely, the failure surface is parallel to the z axis(such as σ2=20 MPa, σ3=0 MPa).展开更多
The tet C gene has been found to be one of the most widely distributed tetracycline resistance( tet) genes in various environmental niches, but the detailed dissemination mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the p...The tet C gene has been found to be one of the most widely distributed tetracycline resistance( tet) genes in various environmental niches, but the detailed dissemination mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, 11 tet C-containing Aeromonas media strains were isolated from an aerobic biofilm reactor under oxytetracycline stresses, and the genome of one strain was sequenced using the Pac Bio RSII sequencing approach to reveal the genetic environment of tet C. The tet C gene was carried by an IS 26 composite transposon, named Tn 6434. The tet C-carrying Tn 6434 structure was detected in all of the A. media strains either in a novel plasmid p Aeme2( n = 9) or other DNA molecules( n = 2) by PCR screening. The NCBI database searching result shows that this structure was also present in the plasmids or chromosomes of other 13 genera, indicating the transferability of Tn 6434. Inverse PCR and sequencing confirmed that Tn 6434 can form a circular intermediate and is able to incorporate into a preexisting IS 26 element, suggesting that Tn 6434 might be responsible for the dissemination of tet C between different DNA molecules. This study will be helpful in uncovering the spread mechanism of tet genes in water environments.展开更多
基金Project(51021004)supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on particle flow theory, the influences of the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress on failure mechanism of hard rock with a pre-existing circular opening were studied by carrying out true triaxial tests on siltstone specimen. It is shown that peak strength of siltstone specimen increases firstly and subsequently decreases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress. And its turning point is related to the minimum principal stress and the direction of the intermediate principal stress. Failure characteristic(brittleness or ductility) of siltstone is determined by the minimum principal stress and the difference between the intermediate and minimum principal stress. The intermediate principal stress has a significant effect on the types and distributions of microcracks. The failure modes of the specimen are determined by the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress, and related to weakening effect of the opening and inhibition effect of confining pressure in essence: when weakening effect of the opening is greater than inhibition effect of confining pressure, the failure surface is parallel to the x axis(such as σ2=σ3=0 MPa); conversely, the failure surface is parallel to the z axis(such as σ2=20 MPa, σ3=0 MPa).
基金supported by the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(No.31861143049)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.51978645,21437005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661756).
文摘The tet C gene has been found to be one of the most widely distributed tetracycline resistance( tet) genes in various environmental niches, but the detailed dissemination mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, 11 tet C-containing Aeromonas media strains were isolated from an aerobic biofilm reactor under oxytetracycline stresses, and the genome of one strain was sequenced using the Pac Bio RSII sequencing approach to reveal the genetic environment of tet C. The tet C gene was carried by an IS 26 composite transposon, named Tn 6434. The tet C-carrying Tn 6434 structure was detected in all of the A. media strains either in a novel plasmid p Aeme2( n = 9) or other DNA molecules( n = 2) by PCR screening. The NCBI database searching result shows that this structure was also present in the plasmids or chromosomes of other 13 genera, indicating the transferability of Tn 6434. Inverse PCR and sequencing confirmed that Tn 6434 can form a circular intermediate and is able to incorporate into a preexisting IS 26 element, suggesting that Tn 6434 might be responsible for the dissemination of tet C between different DNA molecules. This study will be helpful in uncovering the spread mechanism of tet genes in water environments.
