Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductiv...Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.展开更多
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.T...Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.展开更多
A variety of spherical and structured activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 composites with an average particle size of ~100 nm have been synthesized by a self-assembly method using the difference of reduction potenti...A variety of spherical and structured activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 composites with an average particle size of ~100 nm have been synthesized by a self-assembly method using the difference of reduction potential between Pt （Ⅳ） and Fe （Ⅱ） precursors as driving force. The formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles （NPs） effectively prevent the aggregation of Pt nanocrystallites and promote the dispersion of Pt NPs on the surface of catalyst, which will be favorable for the exposure of Pt active sites for high-efficient adsorption and contact of substrate and hydrogen donor. The electron-enrichment state of Pt NPs donated by Fe304 nanocrystallites is corroborated by XPS measurement, which is responsible for promoting and activating the terminal C=O bond of adsorbed substrate via a vertical configuration. The experimental results show that the activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits 94.8% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol by the transfer hydrogenation of einnamaldehyde with Pt loading of 2.46% under the optimum conditions of 120 ℃ for 6 h, and 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that a high-efficient and recyclable catalyst can be rapidly separated from the mixture due to its natural magnetism upon the application of magnetic field.展开更多
The effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) on the hydrogenation ofcinnamaldehyde over Pt/ZrO_2 catalysts was studied in ethanol at 343K under 2.0MPa H_2 pressure.PtCo/ZrO_2 and PtFe/ZrO_2 catalysts exhibi...The effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) on the hydrogenation ofcinnamaldehyde over Pt/ZrO_2 catalysts was studied in ethanol at 343K under 2.0MPa H_2 pressure.PtCo/ZrO_2 and PtFe/ZrO_2 catalysts exhibit high selectivity and activity of hydrogenation for C=O(93.8% at 87.3% conversion and 83.6% at 88.6% conversion, respectively), and PtNi/ZrO_2 exhibitshigh selectivity of hydrogenation for C=C (64.3% at 70.6% conversion). In the presence of traceH_2O and NaOH, over the PtNi/ZrO_2 (0.4wt%Ni) catalyst the selectivity to hydrocinnamaldehydereaches 90.6% and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde is 90.5%.展开更多
The Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is one of the common cognitive disorders in the elderly. AD shares some similar pathological characters with diabetes mellitus （DM）, suggesting potential application of anti-diabetic ...The Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is one of the common cognitive disorders in the elderly. AD shares some similar pathological characters with diabetes mellitus （DM）, suggesting potential application of anti-diabetic agents, such as vanadyl complexes, in therapeutic treatment of AD. In the present work, we studied the effects of vanadyl acetylacetonate （VO（acac）2） and cinnamaldehyde （CA） on an AD model based on SH-SY5Y neural cells. The experimental results showed that VO（acac）2 at sub-micromolar concentrations could improve the viability of neural cells with or without increased β-amyloid （Aβ） burden; and the combination of VO（acac）2 and CA showed an additive cell protection effects. Further investigation revealed that for SH-SY5Y neural cells, VO（acac）2 could activate PPART-AMPK signal transduction and inhibit GSK 3β, one of the major kinases for Tau hyperphosphorylation. Meanwhile, CA could correct the abnormal mitochondrial morphology due to Aβ-induced excessive mitochondrial fission, thus restoring/enhancing the mitochondrial function. In addition, both VO（acac）2 and CA decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level and inhibited formation of toxic Aβ oligomers. Overall, VO（acac）2 might work with CA in improving the neural cell viability under the Aβ burden, suggesting application of vanadium metallodrugs in AD treatment.展开更多
A novel Co-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of CoCl2 with aqueous NaBH4, which exhibited excellent activity and selectivity during the hydrogenation of c...A novel Co-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of CoCl2 with aqueous NaBH4, which exhibited excellent activity and selectivity during the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in liquid phase. The optimum yield of cinnamyl alcohol was 87.6%, much better than the yield of using Raney Ni, Raney Co and other Co-based catalysts.展开更多
The catalytic activity of metal catalysts can be modulated by confinement within the channels of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Here,we show that the product distribution of cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation can be modified by con...The catalytic activity of metal catalysts can be modulated by confinement within the channels of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Here,we show that the product distribution of cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation can be modified by confinement of Ru nanoparticles in CNTs.A catalyst composed of Ru nanoparticles dispersed on the exterior walls of CNTs gave hydrocinnamaldehyde as product.In contrast,confinement of the Ru nanoparticles within CNT channels facilitated hydrogenation of C=O bonds and complete hydrogenation,and both cinnamyl alcohol and hydrocinnamyl alcohol formed in addition to hydrocinnamaldehyde.High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction,and hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption were used to investigate the characteristics of the catalysts.The results indicate that the different interactions between the confined Ru nanoparticles and the exterior and interior walls of the CNTs,as well as spatial restriction and enrichment within the narrow channels likely play important roles in modulation of the product distribution.展开更多
Supported Ir catalysts were prepared using layered double hydrotalcite‐like materials,such as Mg_(3)Al_(1-x)Fe_(x),containing Fe and Al species in varying amounts as supports.These Ir catalysts were applied for the s...Supported Ir catalysts were prepared using layered double hydrotalcite‐like materials,such as Mg_(3)Al_(1-x)Fe_(x),containing Fe and Al species in varying amounts as supports.These Ir catalysts were applied for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL).When x was changed from 0(Ir/Mg_(3)Al)to 1(Ir/Mg_(3)Fe),the rate of CAL hydrogenation reached a maximum at approximately x=0.25,while the selectivity to unsaturated alcohol,i.e.,cinnamyl alcohol,monotonously increased from 44.9%to 80.3%.Meanwhile,the size of the supported Ir particles did not change significantly with x,remaining at 1.7-0.2 nm,as determined by transmission electron microscopy.The chemical state of Ir and Fe species in the Ir/Mg3Al1-xFex catalysts was examined by temperature programmed reduction by H2 and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The surface of the supported Ir particles was also examined through the in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform of a probe molecule of CO.On the basis of these characterization results,the effects of Fe doping to Mg_(3)Al on the structural and catalytic properties of Ir particles in selective CAL hydrogenation were discussed.The significant factors are the electron transfer from Fe2+in the Mg_(3)Al_(1–x)Fex support to the dispersed Ir particles and the surface geometry.展开更多
In the present work, a series of Pt-based catalysts, alloyed with a second metal, i.e., Re, Sn, Er, La, and Y, and supported on activated carbon, ordered mesoporous carbon, N-doped mesoporous carbon or reduced graphen...In the present work, a series of Pt-based catalysts, alloyed with a second metal, i.e., Re, Sn, Er, La, and Y, and supported on activated carbon, ordered mesoporous carbon, N-doped mesoporous carbon or reduced graphene oxide(rGO), have been developed for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylalcohol. Re and rGO were proved to be the most favorable metal dopant and catalyst support, respectively. Pt_(50) Re_(50)/rGO showed the highest cinnamylalcohol selectivity of 89% with 94% conversion of cinnamaldehyde at the reaction conditions of 120 °C, 2.0 MPaH_2 and 4 h.展开更多
Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes remains a grand challenge in controlling chemoselectivity up to now.We synthesized a series of PtFex/CeO_(2)catalysts,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)...Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes remains a grand challenge in controlling chemoselectivity up to now.We synthesized a series of PtFex/CeO_(2)catalysts,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)as well as temperature-programmed-reduction by hydrogen(H2-TPR).The catalytic performance of PtFex/CeO_(2),including cinnamaldehyde(CAL)conversion and selectivity toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL),is improved remarkably by introduction of Fe species in the Pt particles in the selective CAL hydrogenation under mild conditions.XPS results indicate that the electron transfer from Fe to Pt promotes CAL adsorption,resulting in the enhanced CAL conversion.And the COL selectivity is improved by CAL adsorption via an interaction of C=O group with surface oxygen defect sites because of interaction between PtFe and CeO_(2)support.In all,this study may provide some hints to design efficient nano Pt particles for the selective hydrogenation.展开更多
A nanocomposite catalyst with a nonstoichiometric titanium oxide loaded on a special nanotubular alumina(γ‐Al2O3‐nt)was developed and used to reduce cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with sacrificial isopropanol,i...A nanocomposite catalyst with a nonstoichiometric titanium oxide loaded on a special nanotubular alumina(γ‐Al2O3‐nt)was developed and used to reduce cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with sacrificial isopropanol,i.e.,a Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley type reaction.The deposition process produced a highly disperse layer of titanium oxide on the surface of aγ‐Al2O3‐nt support.After a reduction treatment,the as‐prepared TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt was a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrogen transfer reaction between isopropanol and cinnamaldehyde.Selectivity for cinnamic alcohol was higher than99%and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde was higher than95%.The regular morphology of theγ‐Al2O3‐nt support with homogeneous surface sites and the uniformly dispersed titanium oxide featured a high concentration surface Ti(III)species.These factors contributed to the high performance of the TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt catalyst.展开更多
Cinnamon and its major active component, cinnamaldehyde, have been shown to be neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. To further investigate the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, we investigated the effe...Cinnamon and its major active component, cinnamaldehyde, have been shown to be neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. To further investigate the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, we investigated the effects of cinnamaldehyde focusing on mitochondrial function in SH-SYSY neural cells. The results demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde could enhance neural cell viability with or without increased Aβ levels. Cinnamaldehyde facilitated the maintenance of normal mitochondrial morphology, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential （ATm）, and reduced production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Cinnamaldehyde also decreased the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 （Drpl）, a protein critically involved in mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, cinnamaldehyde inhibited Aβ oligomerization, but it had no effects on Tau phosphorylation. In overall, cinnamaldehyde promoted mitochondrial function and inhibited Aβ toxicity, and these two properties may both contribute to the neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde could be a potential nutriceutical in the prevention and even therapeutic treatment of AD as well as other aging-related metabolic syndromes.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde(CA),an active and major compound in cinnamon,on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.METHODS:Sixteen male C57BLKS db/db mice were ran...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde(CA),an active and major compound in cinnamon,on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.METHODS:Sixteen male C57BLKS db/db mice were randomly divided into control and CA treatment groups.CA was given(20 mg.kg-1.day-1,p.o.) for 4 weeks.Pure water was given to control and db/+ mice.Subsequently,the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin,triglyeride,cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),and free fatty acids(FFA),as well as the mRNA content of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in adipose tissue,glucose transporter type 4(GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle,and protein expressions of Akt,phospho-Akt(Thr308),AMPKα,phospho-AMPKα(Thr172) in skeletal muscle were measured.RESULTS:1) CA decreased serum levels of FBG and insulin as well as body weight in db/db mice;2) CA increased serum HDL-C levels;3) CA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue and upregulated mRNA expression of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle;4) protein expression of p-Akt was increased in CA-treated mice,but Akt,AMPKα and p-AMPKα showed no change.CONCLUSION:CA has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic actions in db/db mice and could be useful in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.展开更多
A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin...A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin （abbreviated as β-CD）. Different factors influencing cinnamaldehyde oxidation e.g. reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and oxidant, have been investigated. The yield of benzaldehyde reaches 76% under the optimum conditions （333 K, 4 h, molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to β-CD is 1：1）. Furthermore, a feasible reaction mecha-nism including the formation of benzaldehyde and the two main byproducts （phenylacetaldehyde and epoxide of cinnamaldehyde） has been proposed.展开更多
Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehyde to unsaturated alcohol has attracted growing interests in recent years due to its widespread applications in fine chemicals.However,the hydrogenation of the C=O bon...Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehyde to unsaturated alcohol has attracted growing interests in recent years due to its widespread applications in fine chemicals.However,the hydrogenation of the C=O bond was thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable over the hydrogenation of the C=C bond.Thus,to obtain the unsaturated alcohol from the unsaturated aldehyde is very difficult in most of the catalytic systems.In this work,ZnAl-hydrotalcite-supported cysteine-capped Au25 nanoclusters were used as the precatalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol.The catalyst showed stable high selectivity(~95%)at prolonged reaction time and complete conversion of the substrate.According to the results of the control experiments,the in-situ DRIFTS of the substrate under high pressure of hydrogen and the 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy,we proposed that the difference of the preferential adsorption of the C=O bond to that of the C=C bond was derived from the nature of the support of the gold catalysts.展开更多
Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL)is an extremely important and challenging reaction.Herein,a series of Pt_(x)Fe_(y)-Al_(2)O_(3) bimetallic catalysts with varied Pt to Fe ratios...Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL)is an extremely important and challenging reaction.Herein,a series of Pt_(x)Fe_(y)-Al_(2)O_(3) bimetallic catalysts with varied Pt to Fe ratios were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method.The introduction of Fe significantly modifies the electronic and surface properties of Pt,which clearly enhances the C=O hydrogenation selectivity.Among all the catalysts,Pt_(3)Fe-Al_(2)O_(3) displays the best catalytic performance and the conversion of CAL is 96.6%with 77.2%selectivity of COL within 1 h.In addition,Pt_(3)Fe-Al_(2)O_(3) had excellent reusability with 76%COL selectivity after five runs of the recycle process.Further characterization of the fresh,used and cycled catalysts revealed that the structure and electronic state of the synthesized Pt_(x)Fe_(y)-Al_(2)O_(3) are unchanged after hydrogenation reaction.The identical-location transmission electron microscopy(ILTEM)results revealed that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the supports was strong and the catalyst was relatively stable.展开更多
A direct metal-free C-H amination reaction of cinnamaldehydes and amidines to realize the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidines was developed in the presence of base. This greener synthetic methodology provides a s...A direct metal-free C-H amination reaction of cinnamaldehydes and amidines to realize the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidines was developed in the presence of base. This greener synthetic methodology provides a straightforward approach to the synthesis of a variety of pyrimidine derivatives under mild reaction condition using oxygen as sole oxidants.展开更多
Bimetallic Au_xCu_y/CeO_2（x/y = 3/1,1/1,and 1 /3） catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange（DAE）,following impregnation（IMP） methods,and used for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.The effects of p...Bimetallic Au_xCu_y/CeO_2（x/y = 3/1,1/1,and 1 /3） catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange（DAE）,following impregnation（IMP） methods,and used for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.The effects of pretreatments,such as calcination or reduction on the catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated.XRD and HRTEM showed that for the reduced catalysts,there is the formation of an Au-Cu alloy.HAADF-STEM displayed that reduction pretreatment leads to a very homogenous distribution of Au and Cu on the external catalyst surface.Reaction parameters,such as CAL concentration,the stirring speed,nature of the solvent influence the catalytic activities.Pretreatments lead to a major effect on CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity.Catalysts Au_xCu_y/CeO_2 pretreated under reduction display higher CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity than that of under calcination mainly due to the synergistic effect resulting in a formation of Au-Cu alloy.展开更多
The liquid phase selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde has been investigated over the catalysts Co-C-T(T=400-700℃),which were derived from the carbonization of the MOF precursor Co-BTC at different temperatures i...The liquid phase selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde has been investigated over the catalysts Co-C-T(T=400-700℃),which were derived from the carbonization of the MOF precursor Co-BTC at different temperatures in inert atmosphere.Co-C-500 exhibited a higher conversion(85.3%)than those carbonized at other temperatures,with 51.5%selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol,under a mild condition(90℃,4 h,2 MPa H_(2),solvent:9 ml ethanol and 1 ml water).The high catalytic activity of Co-C-500 can be ascribed to the large specific surface area of the catalyst,the uniformly dispersed metallic cobalt nanoparticles,and the more defect sites on the carbon support.Moreover,Co-C-500 showed excellent reusability in 5 successive cycles,mainly related to the uniformly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedded in carbon support.展开更多
Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of nob...Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of noble metals.This study demonstrates a catalyst preparation method to modulate a weak encapsulation of Pt metal nanoparticles(NPs)with the supported TiO_(2),achieving the moderate suppression of SMSI effects.The introduction of silica inhibits this encapsulation,as reflected in the characterization results such as XPS and HRTEM,while the Ti^(4+) to Ti^(3+) conversion due to SMSI can still be found on the support surface.Furthermore,the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)as a probe reaction revealed that once this encapsulation behavior was suppressed,the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for small molecules like H_(2) and CO was enhanced,which thereby improved the catalytic activity and facilitated the hydrogenation of CAL.Meanwhile,the introduction of SiO_(2) also changed the surface structure of the catalyst,which inhibited the occurrence of the acetal reaction and improved the conversion efficiency of C=O and C=C hydrogenation.Systematic manipulation of SMSI formation and its consequence on the performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the project of the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1300802)。
文摘Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.
基金supported by the National Research Centre,Dokki,Cairo,Egypt project#13050302.
文摘Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.51372248, No.51432009 and No.51502297）, Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No.yz201421）, the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
文摘A variety of spherical and structured activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 composites with an average particle size of ~100 nm have been synthesized by a self-assembly method using the difference of reduction potential between Pt （Ⅳ） and Fe （Ⅱ） precursors as driving force. The formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles （NPs） effectively prevent the aggregation of Pt nanocrystallites and promote the dispersion of Pt NPs on the surface of catalyst, which will be favorable for the exposure of Pt active sites for high-efficient adsorption and contact of substrate and hydrogen donor. The electron-enrichment state of Pt NPs donated by Fe304 nanocrystallites is corroborated by XPS measurement, which is responsible for promoting and activating the terminal C=O bond of adsorbed substrate via a vertical configuration. The experimental results show that the activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits 94.8% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol by the transfer hydrogenation of einnamaldehyde with Pt loading of 2.46% under the optimum conditions of 120 ℃ for 6 h, and 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that a high-efficient and recyclable catalyst can be rapidly separated from the mixture due to its natural magnetism upon the application of magnetic field.
文摘The effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) on the hydrogenation ofcinnamaldehyde over Pt/ZrO_2 catalysts was studied in ethanol at 343K under 2.0MPa H_2 pressure.PtCo/ZrO_2 and PtFe/ZrO_2 catalysts exhibit high selectivity and activity of hydrogenation for C=O(93.8% at 87.3% conversion and 83.6% at 88.6% conversion, respectively), and PtNi/ZrO_2 exhibitshigh selectivity of hydrogenation for C=C (64.3% at 70.6% conversion). In the presence of traceH_2O and NaOH, over the PtNi/ZrO_2 (0.4wt%Ni) catalyst the selectivity to hydrocinnamaldehydereaches 90.6% and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde is 90.5%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21571006 and 21271012)
文摘The Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is one of the common cognitive disorders in the elderly. AD shares some similar pathological characters with diabetes mellitus （DM）, suggesting potential application of anti-diabetic agents, such as vanadyl complexes, in therapeutic treatment of AD. In the present work, we studied the effects of vanadyl acetylacetonate （VO（acac）2） and cinnamaldehyde （CA） on an AD model based on SH-SY5Y neural cells. The experimental results showed that VO（acac）2 at sub-micromolar concentrations could improve the viability of neural cells with or without increased β-amyloid （Aβ） burden; and the combination of VO（acac）2 and CA showed an additive cell protection effects. Further investigation revealed that for SH-SY5Y neural cells, VO（acac）2 could activate PPART-AMPK signal transduction and inhibit GSK 3β, one of the major kinases for Tau hyperphosphorylation. Meanwhile, CA could correct the abnormal mitochondrial morphology due to Aβ-induced excessive mitochondrial fission, thus restoring/enhancing the mitochondrial function. In addition, both VO（acac）2 and CA decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level and inhibited formation of toxic Aβ oligomers. Overall, VO（acac）2 might work with CA in improving the neural cell viability under the Aβ burden, suggesting application of vanadium metallodrugs in AD treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29973025) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (98QMA11402).
文摘A novel Co-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of CoCl2 with aqueous NaBH4, which exhibited excellent activity and selectivity during the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in liquid phase. The optimum yield of cinnamyl alcohol was 87.6%, much better than the yield of using Raney Ni, Raney Co and other Co-based catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21621063,21425312)~~
文摘The catalytic activity of metal catalysts can be modulated by confinement within the channels of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Here,we show that the product distribution of cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation can be modified by confinement of Ru nanoparticles in CNTs.A catalyst composed of Ru nanoparticles dispersed on the exterior walls of CNTs gave hydrocinnamaldehyde as product.In contrast,confinement of the Ru nanoparticles within CNT channels facilitated hydrogenation of C=O bonds and complete hydrogenation,and both cinnamyl alcohol and hydrocinnamyl alcohol formed in addition to hydrocinnamaldehyde.High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction,and hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption were used to investigate the characteristics of the catalysts.The results indicate that the different interactions between the confined Ru nanoparticles and the exterior and interior walls of the CNTs,as well as spatial restriction and enrichment within the narrow channels likely play important roles in modulation of the product distribution.
文摘Supported Ir catalysts were prepared using layered double hydrotalcite‐like materials,such as Mg_(3)Al_(1-x)Fe_(x),containing Fe and Al species in varying amounts as supports.These Ir catalysts were applied for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL).When x was changed from 0(Ir/Mg_(3)Al)to 1(Ir/Mg_(3)Fe),the rate of CAL hydrogenation reached a maximum at approximately x=0.25,while the selectivity to unsaturated alcohol,i.e.,cinnamyl alcohol,monotonously increased from 44.9%to 80.3%.Meanwhile,the size of the supported Ir particles did not change significantly with x,remaining at 1.7-0.2 nm,as determined by transmission electron microscopy.The chemical state of Ir and Fe species in the Ir/Mg3Al1-xFex catalysts was examined by temperature programmed reduction by H2 and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The surface of the supported Ir particles was also examined through the in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform of a probe molecule of CO.On the basis of these characterization results,the effects of Fe doping to Mg_(3)Al on the structural and catalytic properties of Ir particles in selective CAL hydrogenation were discussed.The significant factors are the electron transfer from Fe2+in the Mg_(3)Al_(1–x)Fex support to the dispersed Ir particles and the surface geometry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476211)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY16B060004 and LY18B060016)
文摘In the present work, a series of Pt-based catalysts, alloyed with a second metal, i.e., Re, Sn, Er, La, and Y, and supported on activated carbon, ordered mesoporous carbon, N-doped mesoporous carbon or reduced graphene oxide(rGO), have been developed for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylalcohol. Re and rGO were proved to be the most favorable metal dopant and catalyst support, respectively. Pt_(50) Re_(50)/rGO showed the highest cinnamylalcohol selectivity of 89% with 94% conversion of cinnamaldehyde at the reaction conditions of 120 °C, 2.0 MPaH_2 and 4 h.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020BS02016)the Program of Higher-level Talents of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(NDYB2018-23)the Program of Scientific Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZY19046)。
文摘Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes remains a grand challenge in controlling chemoselectivity up to now.We synthesized a series of PtFex/CeO_(2)catalysts,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)as well as temperature-programmed-reduction by hydrogen(H2-TPR).The catalytic performance of PtFex/CeO_(2),including cinnamaldehyde(CAL)conversion and selectivity toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL),is improved remarkably by introduction of Fe species in the Pt particles in the selective CAL hydrogenation under mild conditions.XPS results indicate that the electron transfer from Fe to Pt promotes CAL adsorption,resulting in the enhanced CAL conversion.And the COL selectivity is improved by CAL adsorption via an interaction of C=O group with surface oxygen defect sites because of interaction between PtFe and CeO_(2)support.In all,this study may provide some hints to design efficient nano Pt particles for the selective hydrogenation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91434101)the National Key R&D Plan (2017YFB0702800)~~
文摘A nanocomposite catalyst with a nonstoichiometric titanium oxide loaded on a special nanotubular alumina(γ‐Al2O3‐nt)was developed and used to reduce cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol with sacrificial isopropanol,i.e.,a Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley type reaction.The deposition process produced a highly disperse layer of titanium oxide on the surface of aγ‐Al2O3‐nt support.After a reduction treatment,the as‐prepared TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt was a highly efficient catalyst for the hydrogen transfer reaction between isopropanol and cinnamaldehyde.Selectivity for cinnamic alcohol was higher than99%and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde was higher than95%.The regular morphology of theγ‐Al2O3‐nt support with homogeneous surface sites and the uniformly dispersed titanium oxide featured a high concentration surface Ti(III)species.These factors contributed to the high performance of the TiOx/γ‐Al2O3‐nt catalyst.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21571006 and 21271012)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7164308)
文摘Cinnamon and its major active component, cinnamaldehyde, have been shown to be neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. To further investigate the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde, we investigated the effects of cinnamaldehyde focusing on mitochondrial function in SH-SYSY neural cells. The results demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde could enhance neural cell viability with or without increased Aβ levels. Cinnamaldehyde facilitated the maintenance of normal mitochondrial morphology, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential （ATm）, and reduced production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Cinnamaldehyde also decreased the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 （Drpl）, a protein critically involved in mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, cinnamaldehyde inhibited Aβ oligomerization, but it had no effects on Tau phosphorylation. In overall, cinnamaldehyde promoted mitochondrial function and inhibited Aβ toxicity, and these two properties may both contribute to the neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde could be a potential nutriceutical in the prevention and even therapeutic treatment of AD as well as other aging-related metabolic syndromes.
基金Supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(grant number 2009DFA31520)Innovation Team Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2011-CXTD-19)Beijing Municipal Education Commission(2011)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde(CA),an active and major compound in cinnamon,on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.METHODS:Sixteen male C57BLKS db/db mice were randomly divided into control and CA treatment groups.CA was given(20 mg.kg-1.day-1,p.o.) for 4 weeks.Pure water was given to control and db/+ mice.Subsequently,the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin,triglyeride,cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),and free fatty acids(FFA),as well as the mRNA content of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in adipose tissue,glucose transporter type 4(GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle,and protein expressions of Akt,phospho-Akt(Thr308),AMPKα,phospho-AMPKα(Thr172) in skeletal muscle were measured.RESULTS:1) CA decreased serum levels of FBG and insulin as well as body weight in db/db mice;2) CA increased serum HDL-C levels;3) CA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue and upregulated mRNA expression of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle;4) protein expression of p-Akt was increased in CA-treated mice,but Akt,AMPKα and p-AMPKα showed no change.CONCLUSION:CA has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic actions in db/db mice and could be useful in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
基金Supported by the National＇Natural Science Foundation of China （21036009, 21176268）, the Higher-level Talent Project tor Guangdong Provincial Universities and the Fundamental.Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin （abbreviated as β-CD）. Different factors influencing cinnamaldehyde oxidation e.g. reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and oxidant, have been investigated. The yield of benzaldehyde reaches 76% under the optimum conditions （333 K, 4 h, molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to β-CD is 1：1）. Furthermore, a feasible reaction mecha-nism including the formation of benzaldehyde and the two main byproducts （phenylacetaldehyde and epoxide of cinnamaldehyde） has been proposed.
文摘Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehyde to unsaturated alcohol has attracted growing interests in recent years due to its widespread applications in fine chemicals.However,the hydrogenation of the C=O bond was thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable over the hydrogenation of the C=C bond.Thus,to obtain the unsaturated alcohol from the unsaturated aldehyde is very difficult in most of the catalytic systems.In this work,ZnAl-hydrotalcite-supported cysteine-capped Au25 nanoclusters were used as the precatalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol.The catalyst showed stable high selectivity(~95%)at prolonged reaction time and complete conversion of the substrate.According to the results of the control experiments,the in-situ DRIFTS of the substrate under high pressure of hydrogen and the 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy,we proposed that the difference of the preferential adsorption of the C=O bond to that of the C=C bond was derived from the nature of the support of the gold catalysts.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773269,22072164,21761132025,51932005)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807175)。
文摘Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL)is an extremely important and challenging reaction.Herein,a series of Pt_(x)Fe_(y)-Al_(2)O_(3) bimetallic catalysts with varied Pt to Fe ratios were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method.The introduction of Fe significantly modifies the electronic and surface properties of Pt,which clearly enhances the C=O hydrogenation selectivity.Among all the catalysts,Pt_(3)Fe-Al_(2)O_(3) displays the best catalytic performance and the conversion of CAL is 96.6%with 77.2%selectivity of COL within 1 h.In addition,Pt_(3)Fe-Al_(2)O_(3) had excellent reusability with 76%COL selectivity after five runs of the recycle process.Further characterization of the fresh,used and cycled catalysts revealed that the structure and electronic state of the synthesized Pt_(x)Fe_(y)-Al_(2)O_(3) are unchanged after hydrogenation reaction.The identical-location transmission electron microscopy(ILTEM)results revealed that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the supports was strong and the catalyst was relatively stable.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No. 2014M562165)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 20133BCB24011, 20141BBG70070 and 20151BAB203011)the Science Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (No. Gjj4669) for support of this research
文摘A direct metal-free C-H amination reaction of cinnamaldehydes and amidines to realize the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidines was developed in the presence of base. This greener synthetic methodology provides a straightforward approach to the synthesis of a variety of pyrimidine derivatives under mild reaction condition using oxygen as sole oxidants.
基金the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC), French Eiffel Scholarship for financial supports of Xuemei Liaothe financial supported by the Open Research Subject of key laboratory (Research Base) of Grain and Oil Engineering and food safety (No. szjj2015-006)Agricultural and Forestry Talents in Food quality and safety, Key Research Fund of Xihua University (No. Z1520527)
文摘Bimetallic Au_xCu_y/CeO_2（x/y = 3/1,1/1,and 1 /3） catalysts were prepared by direct anion exchange（DAE）,following impregnation（IMP） methods,and used for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.The effects of pretreatments,such as calcination or reduction on the catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated.XRD and HRTEM showed that for the reduced catalysts,there is the formation of an Au-Cu alloy.HAADF-STEM displayed that reduction pretreatment leads to a very homogenous distribution of Au and Cu on the external catalyst surface.Reaction parameters,such as CAL concentration,the stirring speed,nature of the solvent influence the catalytic activities.Pretreatments lead to a major effect on CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity.Catalysts Au_xCu_y/CeO_2 pretreated under reduction display higher CAL conversion and HCAL selectivity than that of under calcination mainly due to the synergistic effect resulting in a formation of Au-Cu alloy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272016).
文摘The liquid phase selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde has been investigated over the catalysts Co-C-T(T=400-700℃),which were derived from the carbonization of the MOF precursor Co-BTC at different temperatures in inert atmosphere.Co-C-500 exhibited a higher conversion(85.3%)than those carbonized at other temperatures,with 51.5%selectivity to cinnamyl alcohol,under a mild condition(90℃,4 h,2 MPa H_(2),solvent:9 ml ethanol and 1 ml water).The high catalytic activity of Co-C-500 can be ascribed to the large specific surface area of the catalyst,the uniformly dispersed metallic cobalt nanoparticles,and the more defect sites on the carbon support.Moreover,Co-C-500 showed excellent reusability in 5 successive cycles,mainly related to the uniformly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedded in carbon support.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576291,22003076)National Natural Science Foundation of China-Outstanding Youth foundation(22322814)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX03007A,22CX06012A)are gratefully acknowledge。
文摘Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of noble metals.This study demonstrates a catalyst preparation method to modulate a weak encapsulation of Pt metal nanoparticles(NPs)with the supported TiO_(2),achieving the moderate suppression of SMSI effects.The introduction of silica inhibits this encapsulation,as reflected in the characterization results such as XPS and HRTEM,while the Ti^(4+) to Ti^(3+) conversion due to SMSI can still be found on the support surface.Furthermore,the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)as a probe reaction revealed that once this encapsulation behavior was suppressed,the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for small molecules like H_(2) and CO was enhanced,which thereby improved the catalytic activity and facilitated the hydrogenation of CAL.Meanwhile,the introduction of SiO_(2) also changed the surface structure of the catalyst,which inhibited the occurrence of the acetal reaction and improved the conversion efficiency of C=O and C=C hydrogenation.Systematic manipulation of SMSI formation and its consequence on the performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are discussed.
