Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a very rare cystic lesion of the liver that is histologically similar to bronchogenic cyst. We report one case of CHFC that was hard to distinguish from solid-cystic neoplasm in...Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a very rare cystic lesion of the liver that is histologically similar to bronchogenic cyst. We report one case of CHFC that was hard to distinguish from solid-cystic neoplasm in imaging features. Magnetic resonance imaging was helpful in differentiating these cysts from other lesions.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Ciliated foregut cysts of the liver are rare, with only 96 cases diagnosed since the first description in 1857.They are being increasingly diagnosed recently;the majority of the cases have been reported in ...BACKGROUND:Ciliated foregut cysts of the liver are rare, with only 96 cases diagnosed since the first description in 1857.They are being increasingly diagnosed recently;the majority of the cases have been reported in the last 15 years. Although they bear a close resemblance to the simple cyst of the liver which has essentially a benign course,ciliated hepatic foregut cysts(CHFCs)can progress to malignancy with devastating consequences.It is imperative that this group of conditions be diagnosed and treated adequately. DATA SOURCES:This review includes discussion of the data from all the 96 reported cases from English and non-English literature.Analysis of the incidence rates, embryogenesis,growth,clinical features,risk of malignancy and the prognosis are highlighted systematically.The roles of various diagnostic modalities including ultrasound, CT,MRI,fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC), immunohistochemistry and surgery are further discussed. RESULTS:The mean age of patients with CHFC was 48± 12 years.The male/female ratio was 1.1∶1.The majority of patients with CHFC(62%)were asymptomatic,and the common mode of presentation was right upper abdominal pain.The cysts occurred in the left lobe in 51 patients, with sole location in segmentⅣin 44,and in the right lobe in 26.The average size of the cysts was 3.6±2.12 cm. The majority of the cysts were unilocular,and only 7 cases were multilocular.Cyst contents were described as viscous or mucinous in 73 patients,whereas bilious fluid was noted in 3.Large cysts having squamous carcinoma were cited in 3 patients,and 2 had extensive squamous metaplasia without malignancy.Others had benign histopathology. CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians have become increasingly aware of CHFC.Imaging alone is not diagnostic per se, but when considered in the context of the global picture does provide important clues to the diagnosis.FNAC is diagnostic by the presence of the ciliated columnar aspirate but lacks sensitivity.Infantile presentation is usually accompanied by biliary communication and mandates a different surgical approach.The demonstration of malignant transformation in 3 cases and its fatal course emphasizes the need for surgical resection in all cases once the diagnosis is made.展开更多
A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presenta...A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presentation, evaluation, and surgical management of a symptomatic 45-year-old male found to have a 6.2 cm CHFC. Contrast tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration demonstrated columnar, ciliated epithelium consistent with the histologic diagnosis of CHFC. The intracystic levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were extremely high (978118 U/mL and 973 μg/L, respectively). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined with a ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, underlying smooth muscle, an outer fibrous layer and no atypia. Immunohistochemistry for CA19-9 and CEA was positive. This is the first case report of a CHFC in which levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were measured. Our findings suggest that a large sized multilocular cyst and elevated cyst CA19-9 and CEA levels do not exclude a CHFC from consideration in the diagnosis. CHFCs should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis of a CHFC is necessary given its potential for malignant transformation, and surgical excision is recommended.展开更多
Gastric duplication cyst (GDC) lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (PCCE) is an uncommon lesion stemming from a foregut developmental malformation.Its clinical and radiological presentation is usual...Gastric duplication cyst (GDC) lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (PCCE) is an uncommon lesion stemming from a foregut developmental malformation.Its clinical and radiological presentation is usually nonspecific.In this study,we reported a 76-year-old man who presented with an incidentally found perigastric mass.An exploratory laparotomy revealed a non-communicating cyst below the gastroesophageal junction,measuring 4 cm×4 cm in size.Microscopically,the gastric cyst was lined merely by PCCE.Although rare,GDC lined by PCCE should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastric wall masses.Surgical intervention is warranted in patients who have clinical symptoms,or who are aged more than 50 years.展开更多
Objective: To report the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and review of literature to introduce the characteristics of this disease for doctors to recognize this disease.Method: Report the clinica...Objective: To report the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and review of literature to introduce the characteristics of this disease for doctors to recognize this disease.Method: Report the clinical procedure of diagnosis and treatment for the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and to review the embryologic genesis, incidence,clinical manifestation, radiologic features and therapeutic principle of this disease. Results: We performed the resection for ciliated hepatic foregut cyst under laparoscopy; the patient recovered well after the procedure. Conclusion: Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst is quite rare clinically, belongs to non-parasitic,solitary and unilocular cystic lesion, is always less than 4cm in diameter, mostly seen in the left lobe, and has the tendency of malignant change. It should be removed as soon as diagnosed.展开更多
Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFC) are rare, typically benign, lesions whose incidence has been increasing recently. Despite this increase in incidence, they remain rare and several key characteristics remain poorl...Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFC) are rare, typically benign, lesions whose incidence has been increasing recently. Despite this increase in incidence, they remain rare and several key characteristics remain poorly understood, including the range of presentation and the risk of malignant conversion. To better understand CHFC, an extensive review of the international literature was performed. Characteristics including size, location, contents, presenting symptoms, and risk of malignancy were analyzed. In addition, an illustrative case is presented to highlight a potential pitfall in diagnosis: Although the presentation is thought to be typically painless or vaguely painful, these lesions may also present with hemorrhage and sudden severe abdominal pain. Importantly, although malignant degeneration is uncommon, analysis revealed that malignancy is significantly associated with size, which was significantly larger (median 10 cm) in malignant CHFC compared with the typical benign CHFC (3 cm) (P < 0.01). Large or symptomatic cysts, or small asymptomatic cysts that are atypical, should be resected.展开更多
Cilia-induced flow of viscoelastic mucus through an idealized two-dimensional model of the human trachea is presented.The cilia motion is simulated by a metachronal wave pattern which enables the mobilization of highl...Cilia-induced flow of viscoelastic mucus through an idealized two-dimensional model of the human trachea is presented.The cilia motion is simulated by a metachronal wave pattern which enables the mobilization of highly viscous mucus even at nonzero Reynolds numbers.The viscoelastic mucus is analyzed with the upper convected Maxwell viscoelastic formulation which features a relaxation time and accurately captures normal stress generation in shear flows.The governing equations are transformed from fixed to wave(laboratory)frame with appropriate variables and resulting differential equations are perturbed about wave number.The trachea is treated as an axisymmetric ciliated tube.Radial and axial distributions in axial velocity are calculated via the regular perturbation method and pressure rise is computed with numerical integration using symbolic software MATHEMATICA^(‘TM’).The influence of selected parameters which is cilia length,and Maxwell viscoelastic material parameter i.e.relaxation time for prescribed values of wave number are visualized graphically.Pressure rise is observed to increase considerably with elevation in both cilia length and relaxation time whereas the axial velocity is markedly decelerated.The simulations provide some insight into viscous-dominated cilia propulsion of rheological mucus and also serve as a benchmark for more advanced modeling.展开更多
The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in...The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in order to determine the lethal concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed that the 2h-LC50 value for ammonia was 95.94 mg/L and for nitrite 27.35 mg/L using probit scale method (with 95% confidence intervals). There was a linear correlation between the mortality probit scale and logarithmic concentration of ammonia which fit by a regression equation y=7.32x–9.51 (R2=0.98; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of ammonia), by which 2 h–LC50 value for ammonia was found to be 95.50 mg/L. A linear correla- tion between mortality probit scales and logarithmic concentration of nitrite is also followed the regression equa- tion y=2.86x+0.89 (R2=0.95; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of nitrite). The regression analysis of toxicity curves showed that the linear correlation between exposed time of ammonia-N LC50 value and ammonia-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y=2 862.85e-0.08x (R2=0.95; y, duration of exposure to LC50 value; x, LC50 value), and that between exposed time of nitrite-N LC50 value and nitrite-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y = 127.15e-0.13x (R2=0.91; y, exposed time of LC50 value; x, LC50 value). The results demonstrate that the tolerance to ammonia in P. bursaria is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, e.g. cultured prawns and oysters. In addition, ciliates, as bacterial predators, are likely to play a positive role in maintaining and improving water quality in aquatic environments with high-level ammonium, such as sewage treatment systems.展开更多
The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate po...The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.展开更多
From April 1996 to October 1997, regular samplings were carried out monthly at 8 stations in a macrophytic basin of Baoan Lake. From the water samples, 47 genera, 96 species of ciliata were identified. Stations covere...From April 1996 to October 1997, regular samplings were carried out monthly at 8 stations in a macrophytic basin of Baoan Lake. From the water samples, 47 genera, 96 species of ciliata were identified. Stations covered with macrophytes had greater number of ciliate species and higher percentage of sessile species. The mixotroph Strombidium viride bearing algal endosymbionts dominated numerically the whole ciliate communities; most of the other dominants were bactivores. Total ciliate density in Lake Baoan was 6170-34310 ind./L. The seasonal density fluctuations of the dominant species populations were also investigated. Maximum abundances were observed in spring and winter during the decay of macrophytes and minimum densities were observed during the summer months of luxuriant macrophytes growth.展开更多
Ecotoxic effects of antibiotics or ammonium have been confirmed independently in aquatic animals,but few studies have investigated their combined effects.In aquaculture ecosystems,these pollutants frequently coexist,a...Ecotoxic effects of antibiotics or ammonium have been confirmed independently in aquatic animals,but few studies have investigated their combined effects.In aquaculture ecosystems,these pollutants frequently coexist,and often in high concentrations.In this study,the combined effects of antibiotic nitrofurazone and NH4 Cl on the population dynamics and growth rates of two species of ciliated protists,Euplotes vannus and Pseudokeronopsis rubra,were investigated.Profiles of the dose-responses were visualized,and interactions between the two pollutants were quantified by the response surface method(RSM).Results showed that 1)the dynamics of the population growth differed significantly between the testd ciliates and varied with the concentrations of the pollutants;2)the relative growth rate(RGR)of both ciliates decreased significantly with increased pollutant concentrations,while the difference in RGR between the two ciliates was not significant;3)RSM analysis demonstrated an additive effect of nitrofurazone and NH4 Cl on the RGR in both ciliates.In brief,ecotoxic effects can be caused by nitrofurazone and ammonium independently on the two test ciliates,and such effects can be strengthened when they present at the same time.These findings offer a valuable reference for evaluating combined ecotoxic effects caused by multiple pollutants in aquaculture ecosystems.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Lophomonas blattarum(L.blattarum)is a multiflagellated protozoan,which parasitizes in the intestinal tracts of termites and cockroaches,belonging to the Lophomonas suborder,Hypermastigida order.More than ...INTRODUCTION Lophomonas blattarum(L.blattarum)is a multiflagellated protozoan,which parasitizes in the intestinal tracts of termites and cockroaches,belonging to the Lophomonas suborder,Hypermastigida order.More than 100 cases of bronchopulmonary L.blattarum infection have been reported since 1993.However,we identified the movable cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of six patients with pulmonary diseases under an electron microscope,and eventually lbund that these cells were actually bronchial ciliated epithelial cells,which were basically identical with reported L.blattarum in morphology under light microscope in the literature,Through careful literature review,we found that all of the reported L.blattarum infections were just diagnosed by morphology under light microscope rather than electron microscope,isolation and culture,or molecular procedures;images exhibited in these literatures were all compatible with the microscopic characteristics of bronchial ciliated epithelial cells.展开更多
Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements(PGR)play important roles in generating genomic diversity.However,genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in ...Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements(PGR)play important roles in generating genomic diversity.However,genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in size which prevents our understanding of the origin and evolution of PGR.To expand our knowledge of genomic diversity and the evolutionary origin of complex genome rearrangements,we focus on ciliated protists(ciliates).Ciliates are single-celled eukaryotes with highly fragmented somatic chromosomes and massively scrambled germline genomes.PGR in ciliates occurs extensively by removing massive amounts of repetitive and selfish DNA elements found in the silent germline genome dur-ing development of the somatic genome.We report the partial germline genomes of two spirotrich ciliate species,namely Strombidium cf.sulcatum and Halteria grandinella,along with the most compact and highly fragmented somatic genome for S.cf.sulcatum.We provide the first insights into the genome rearrangements of these two species and compare these features with those of other ciliates.Our analyses reveal:(1)DNA sequence loss through evolution and during PGR in S.cf.sulcatum has combined to produce the most compact and efficient nanochromosomes observed to date;(2)the compact,transcriptome-like somatic genome in both species results from extensive removal of a relatively large number of shorter germline-specific DNA sequences;(3)long chromosome breakage site motifs are duplicated and retained in the somatic genome,revealing a complex model of chromosome fragmentation in spirotrichs;(4)gene scrambling and alternative pro-cessing are found throughout the core spirotrichs,offering unique opportunities to increase genetic diversity and regulation in this group.展开更多
Ciliated microeukaryotes(ciliates)are distinguished by their cilia,which are rich in tubulin.We developed a method for tubulin staining in ciliate cells that involves using live-cell tubulin-staining dyes instead of a...Ciliated microeukaryotes(ciliates)are distinguished by their cilia,which are rich in tubulin.We developed a method for tubulin staining in ciliate cells that involves using live-cell tubulin-staining dyes instead of antibodies thereby streamlining the staining process,which is effective across diverse ciliate lineages.Moreover,our method allows integration with immunofluorescence staining using antibodies when needed.The potential applications of this technique extend to cell biology and ciliate morphological and ecological studies.展开更多
ln order to discuss the optimum seedling density of Toona ciliate, different seedling densities were studied. The results showed that seeding height and basal diameter decreased and quality of the seedlings declined w...ln order to discuss the optimum seedling density of Toona ciliate, different seedling densities were studied. The results showed that seeding height and basal diameter decreased and quality of the seedlings declined with the increase of seedling density. The reasonable density of seedlings is key to cultivate high-quality seedlings and achieve the best seedling efficiency. The optimum density was 30 plants/m2 for the first class seedlings of biennial seedlings, and the optimum density of l and ll seedlings for production afforestation was 40 plants/m2.展开更多
In this study, a screening experiment was carried out among MS, WPM, DCR, MT, B5 and N6. The results showed that for proliferation culture of Toona ciliate, the optimum basic medium was WPM, and the optimum medium was...In this study, a screening experiment was carried out among MS, WPM, DCR, MT, B5 and N6. The results showed that for proliferation culture of Toona ciliate, the optimum basic medium was WPM, and the optimum medium was WPM ＋ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.05 mg/L. The proliferation coefficient reached 4.29. The optimum rooting culture medium was 1/2 MS ＋ IBA 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L with rooting rate of 100%. In the optimum rooting ＇culture medium, the roots of T. ciliate developed neatly, and the seedlings grew well.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bronchiolar adenoma(BA)and ciliated muconodular papillary tumor are rare tumors that have bilayered cell proliferation and continuous expression of p40 and CK5/6 in the basal cell layer.Diagnosis is difficu...BACKGROUND Bronchiolar adenoma(BA)and ciliated muconodular papillary tumor are rare tumors that have bilayered cell proliferation and continuous expression of p40 and CK5/6 in the basal cell layer.Diagnosis is difficult because of the limited knowledge of these tumors and their morphological similarities to malignant tumors,including invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma,especially based on the histopathology of intraoperative frozen sections.These tumors are now considered to be benign neoplasms,with malignant transformation reported in only a few cases.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman presented with a 17.0 mm×7.0 mm nodule in the lower lobe of the left lung.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of a surgical specimen were performed.The tumor consisted of a BA area and a mucinous adenocarcinoma(MA)area.In the BA area,the tumor had a bilayered structure of luminal cells and basal cells.The basal cells were positive for CK5/6 and p40,but the MA area was negative for these biomarkers.The Ki-67 proliferation index was low(1%-2%).The patient was diagnosed with BA accompanied by MA,and had a favorable outcome.CONCLUSION The present study indicated that BA may be carcinogenic,and suggests that clinicians should be aware of its potential for malignant transformation.展开更多
The impact of diflubenzuron (DFB) on Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protiste was studied. The treatment with DFB at concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL could appreciably reduce the growth of the protiste. The surve...The impact of diflubenzuron (DFB) on Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protiste was studied. The treatment with DFB at concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL could appreciably reduce the growth of the protiste. The surveillance of protozoa′s respiratory metabolism with polarography technique showed a sensitive inhibition of its oxygen consumption, and at 20 μg/mL concentration the oxygen consumption was increased. For any malformation of morphology and perturbation in swimming trajectory, the neutral red coloration was done. This technique (neutral red) showed that there was a toxic effect of DFB on T. pyriformis, especially at the highest concentration; this toxicity was translated by rotatory swimming in same place and the increasing of coloration quantity in digestive vacuoles. Fig 5, Ref展开更多
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,and genetic mutation profile of two unusual cases of distal bronchiolar adenoma are retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature ...BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,and genetic mutation profile of two unusual cases of distal bronchiolar adenoma are retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature is reviewed.CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 63-year-old female patient who had a mixed ground-glass nodule,with mild cells in morphology,visible cilia,and bilayer structures in focal areas.Immunohistochemical staining for P63 and cytokeratin(CK)5/6 revealed the lack of a continuous bilayer structure in most areas,and no mutations were found in epidermal growth factor receptor,anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ROS1,Kirsten rat sarcoma,PIK3CA,BRAF,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),RET,and neuroblastoma RAS genes.Case 2 was a 58-year-old female patient who presented with a solid nodule,in which most cells were observed to be medium sized,the nuclear chromatin was pale and homogeneous,local cells had atypia,and cilia were found locally.Immunohistochemical staining for P63 and CK5/6 showed no expression of these proteins in mild cell morphology whereas the heteromorphic cells showed a bilayer structure.The same nine genes as above were analyzed,and HER2 gene mutation was identified.CONCLUSION Some unresolved questions remain to be answered to determine whether the lesion is a benign adenoma or a part of the process of malignant transformation from benign adenoma of the bronchial epithelium.Furthermore,whether lesions with atypical bilayer structures are similar to atypical hyperplastic lesions of the breast remains to be elucidated.Moreover,clarity on whether these lesions can be called atypical bronchiolar adenoma and whether they are invasive precursor lesions is needed.Future studies should examine the diagnostic significance of HER2 gene mutation as a prognostic indicator.展开更多
文摘Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a very rare cystic lesion of the liver that is histologically similar to bronchogenic cyst. We report one case of CHFC that was hard to distinguish from solid-cystic neoplasm in imaging features. Magnetic resonance imaging was helpful in differentiating these cysts from other lesions.
文摘BACKGROUND:Ciliated foregut cysts of the liver are rare, with only 96 cases diagnosed since the first description in 1857.They are being increasingly diagnosed recently;the majority of the cases have been reported in the last 15 years. Although they bear a close resemblance to the simple cyst of the liver which has essentially a benign course,ciliated hepatic foregut cysts(CHFCs)can progress to malignancy with devastating consequences.It is imperative that this group of conditions be diagnosed and treated adequately. DATA SOURCES:This review includes discussion of the data from all the 96 reported cases from English and non-English literature.Analysis of the incidence rates, embryogenesis,growth,clinical features,risk of malignancy and the prognosis are highlighted systematically.The roles of various diagnostic modalities including ultrasound, CT,MRI,fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC), immunohistochemistry and surgery are further discussed. RESULTS:The mean age of patients with CHFC was 48± 12 years.The male/female ratio was 1.1∶1.The majority of patients with CHFC(62%)were asymptomatic,and the common mode of presentation was right upper abdominal pain.The cysts occurred in the left lobe in 51 patients, with sole location in segmentⅣin 44,and in the right lobe in 26.The average size of the cysts was 3.6±2.12 cm. The majority of the cysts were unilocular,and only 7 cases were multilocular.Cyst contents were described as viscous or mucinous in 73 patients,whereas bilious fluid was noted in 3.Large cysts having squamous carcinoma were cited in 3 patients,and 2 had extensive squamous metaplasia without malignancy.Others had benign histopathology. CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians have become increasingly aware of CHFC.Imaging alone is not diagnostic per se, but when considered in the context of the global picture does provide important clues to the diagnosis.FNAC is diagnostic by the presence of the ciliated columnar aspirate but lacks sensitivity.Infantile presentation is usually accompanied by biliary communication and mandates a different surgical approach.The demonstration of malignant transformation in 3 cases and its fatal course emphasizes the need for surgical resection in all cases once the diagnosis is made.
文摘A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presentation, evaluation, and surgical management of a symptomatic 45-year-old male found to have a 6.2 cm CHFC. Contrast tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration demonstrated columnar, ciliated epithelium consistent with the histologic diagnosis of CHFC. The intracystic levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were extremely high (978118 U/mL and 973 μg/L, respectively). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined with a ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, underlying smooth muscle, an outer fibrous layer and no atypia. Immunohistochemistry for CA19-9 and CEA was positive. This is the first case report of a CHFC in which levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were measured. Our findings suggest that a large sized multilocular cyst and elevated cyst CA19-9 and CEA levels do not exclude a CHFC from consideration in the diagnosis. CHFCs should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis of a CHFC is necessary given its potential for malignant transformation, and surgical excision is recommended.
文摘Gastric duplication cyst (GDC) lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (PCCE) is an uncommon lesion stemming from a foregut developmental malformation.Its clinical and radiological presentation is usually nonspecific.In this study,we reported a 76-year-old man who presented with an incidentally found perigastric mass.An exploratory laparotomy revealed a non-communicating cyst below the gastroesophageal junction,measuring 4 cm×4 cm in size.Microscopically,the gastric cyst was lined merely by PCCE.Although rare,GDC lined by PCCE should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastric wall masses.Surgical intervention is warranted in patients who have clinical symptoms,or who are aged more than 50 years.
文摘Objective: To report the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and review of literature to introduce the characteristics of this disease for doctors to recognize this disease.Method: Report the clinical procedure of diagnosis and treatment for the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and to review the embryologic genesis, incidence,clinical manifestation, radiologic features and therapeutic principle of this disease. Results: We performed the resection for ciliated hepatic foregut cyst under laparoscopy; the patient recovered well after the procedure. Conclusion: Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst is quite rare clinically, belongs to non-parasitic,solitary and unilocular cystic lesion, is always less than 4cm in diameter, mostly seen in the left lobe, and has the tendency of malignant change. It should be removed as soon as diagnosed.
文摘Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFC) are rare, typically benign, lesions whose incidence has been increasing recently. Despite this increase in incidence, they remain rare and several key characteristics remain poorly understood, including the range of presentation and the risk of malignant conversion. To better understand CHFC, an extensive review of the international literature was performed. Characteristics including size, location, contents, presenting symptoms, and risk of malignancy were analyzed. In addition, an illustrative case is presented to highlight a potential pitfall in diagnosis: Although the presentation is thought to be typically painless or vaguely painful, these lesions may also present with hemorrhage and sudden severe abdominal pain. Importantly, although malignant degeneration is uncommon, analysis revealed that malignancy is significantly associated with size, which was significantly larger (median 10 cm) in malignant CHFC compared with the typical benign CHFC (3 cm) (P < 0.01). Large or symptomatic cysts, or small asymptomatic cysts that are atypical, should be resected.
文摘Cilia-induced flow of viscoelastic mucus through an idealized two-dimensional model of the human trachea is presented.The cilia motion is simulated by a metachronal wave pattern which enables the mobilization of highly viscous mucus even at nonzero Reynolds numbers.The viscoelastic mucus is analyzed with the upper convected Maxwell viscoelastic formulation which features a relaxation time and accurately captures normal stress generation in shear flows.The governing equations are transformed from fixed to wave(laboratory)frame with appropriate variables and resulting differential equations are perturbed about wave number.The trachea is treated as an axisymmetric ciliated tube.Radial and axial distributions in axial velocity are calculated via the regular perturbation method and pressure rise is computed with numerical integration using symbolic software MATHEMATICA^(‘TM’).The influence of selected parameters which is cilia length,and Maxwell viscoelastic material parameter i.e.relaxation time for prescribed values of wave number are visualized graphically.Pressure rise is observed to increase considerably with elevation in both cilia length and relaxation time whereas the axial velocity is markedly decelerated.The simulations provide some insight into viscous-dominated cilia propulsion of rheological mucus and also serve as a benchmark for more advanced modeling.
文摘The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in order to determine the lethal concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed that the 2h-LC50 value for ammonia was 95.94 mg/L and for nitrite 27.35 mg/L using probit scale method (with 95% confidence intervals). There was a linear correlation between the mortality probit scale and logarithmic concentration of ammonia which fit by a regression equation y=7.32x–9.51 (R2=0.98; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of ammonia), by which 2 h–LC50 value for ammonia was found to be 95.50 mg/L. A linear correla- tion between mortality probit scales and logarithmic concentration of nitrite is also followed the regression equa- tion y=2.86x+0.89 (R2=0.95; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of nitrite). The regression analysis of toxicity curves showed that the linear correlation between exposed time of ammonia-N LC50 value and ammonia-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y=2 862.85e-0.08x (R2=0.95; y, duration of exposure to LC50 value; x, LC50 value), and that between exposed time of nitrite-N LC50 value and nitrite-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y = 127.15e-0.13x (R2=0.91; y, exposed time of LC50 value; x, LC50 value). The results demonstrate that the tolerance to ammonia in P. bursaria is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, e.g. cultured prawns and oysters. In addition, ciliates, as bacterial predators, are likely to play a positive role in maintaining and improving water quality in aquatic environments with high-level ammonium, such as sewage treatment systems.
基金国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)，the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.
文摘From April 1996 to October 1997, regular samplings were carried out monthly at 8 stations in a macrophytic basin of Baoan Lake. From the water samples, 47 genera, 96 species of ciliata were identified. Stations covered with macrophytes had greater number of ciliate species and higher percentage of sessile species. The mixotroph Strombidium viride bearing algal endosymbionts dominated numerically the whole ciliate communities; most of the other dominants were bactivores. Total ciliate density in Lake Baoan was 6170-34310 ind./L. The seasonal density fluctuations of the dominant species populations were also investigated. Maximum abundances were observed in spring and winter during the decay of macrophytes and minimum densities were observed during the summer months of luxuriant macrophytes growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971519,31430077,41476128)in part by a grant from the Dedicated Fund for Promoting High-Quality Economic Development in Guangdong Province(Marine Economic Development Project:GDOE(2019)A23)。
文摘Ecotoxic effects of antibiotics or ammonium have been confirmed independently in aquatic animals,but few studies have investigated their combined effects.In aquaculture ecosystems,these pollutants frequently coexist,and often in high concentrations.In this study,the combined effects of antibiotic nitrofurazone and NH4 Cl on the population dynamics and growth rates of two species of ciliated protists,Euplotes vannus and Pseudokeronopsis rubra,were investigated.Profiles of the dose-responses were visualized,and interactions between the two pollutants were quantified by the response surface method(RSM).Results showed that 1)the dynamics of the population growth differed significantly between the testd ciliates and varied with the concentrations of the pollutants;2)the relative growth rate(RGR)of both ciliates decreased significantly with increased pollutant concentrations,while the difference in RGR between the two ciliates was not significant;3)RSM analysis demonstrated an additive effect of nitrofurazone and NH4 Cl on the RGR in both ciliates.In brief,ecotoxic effects can be caused by nitrofurazone and ammonium independently on the two test ciliates,and such effects can be strengthened when they present at the same time.These findings offer a valuable reference for evaluating combined ecotoxic effects caused by multiple pollutants in aquaculture ecosystems.
文摘INTRODUCTION Lophomonas blattarum(L.blattarum)is a multiflagellated protozoan,which parasitizes in the intestinal tracts of termites and cockroaches,belonging to the Lophomonas suborder,Hypermastigida order.More than 100 cases of bronchopulmonary L.blattarum infection have been reported since 1993.However,we identified the movable cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of six patients with pulmonary diseases under an electron microscope,and eventually lbund that these cells were actually bronchial ciliated epithelial cells,which were basically identical with reported L.blattarum in morphology under light microscope in the literature,Through careful literature review,we found that all of the reported L.blattarum infections were just diagnosed by morphology under light microscope rather than electron microscope,isolation and culture,or molecular procedures;images exhibited in these literatures were all compatible with the microscopic characteristics of bronchial ciliated epithelial cells.
基金funded by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270539,31922013,31961123002)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020JQ13)Royal Society/NSFC International Exchanges Cost Share Project(IEC\NSFC\201024)National Institutes of Health(P40OD010964)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202141004).
文摘Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements(PGR)play important roles in generating genomic diversity.However,genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in size which prevents our understanding of the origin and evolution of PGR.To expand our knowledge of genomic diversity and the evolutionary origin of complex genome rearrangements,we focus on ciliated protists(ciliates).Ciliates are single-celled eukaryotes with highly fragmented somatic chromosomes and massively scrambled germline genomes.PGR in ciliates occurs extensively by removing massive amounts of repetitive and selfish DNA elements found in the silent germline genome dur-ing development of the somatic genome.We report the partial germline genomes of two spirotrich ciliate species,namely Strombidium cf.sulcatum and Halteria grandinella,along with the most compact and highly fragmented somatic genome for S.cf.sulcatum.We provide the first insights into the genome rearrangements of these two species and compare these features with those of other ciliates.Our analyses reveal:(1)DNA sequence loss through evolution and during PGR in S.cf.sulcatum has combined to produce the most compact and efficient nanochromosomes observed to date;(2)the compact,transcriptome-like somatic genome in both species results from extensive removal of a relatively large number of shorter germline-specific DNA sequences;(3)long chromosome breakage site motifs are duplicated and retained in the somatic genome,revealing a complex model of chromosome fragmentation in spirotrichs;(4)gene scrambling and alternative pro-cessing are found throughout the core spirotrichs,offering unique opportunities to increase genetic diversity and regulation in this group.
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2021xjkk0204,2021xjkk0604)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100400)+2 种基金Background Resources Survey in Shennongjia National Park(SNJNP2022008)Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Snub-nosed Monkeys(SNJGKL2022008)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation,Beibu Gulf University(2020KA05).
文摘Ciliated microeukaryotes(ciliates)are distinguished by their cilia,which are rich in tubulin.We developed a method for tubulin staining in ciliate cells that involves using live-cell tubulin-staining dyes instead of antibodies thereby streamlining the staining process,which is effective across diverse ciliate lineages.Moreover,our method allows integration with immunofluorescence staining using antibodies when needed.The potential applications of this technique extend to cell biology and ciliate morphological and ecological studies.
基金Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Planning Program(XLK201406)~~
文摘ln order to discuss the optimum seedling density of Toona ciliate, different seedling densities were studied. The results showed that seeding height and basal diameter decreased and quality of the seedlings declined with the increase of seedling density. The reasonable density of seedlings is key to cultivate high-quality seedlings and achieve the best seedling efficiency. The optimum density was 30 plants/m2 for the first class seedlings of biennial seedlings, and the optimum density of l and ll seedlings for production afforestation was 40 plants/m2.
文摘In this study, a screening experiment was carried out among MS, WPM, DCR, MT, B5 and N6. The results showed that for proliferation culture of Toona ciliate, the optimum basic medium was WPM, and the optimum medium was WPM ＋ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.05 mg/L. The proliferation coefficient reached 4.29. The optimum rooting culture medium was 1/2 MS ＋ IBA 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L with rooting rate of 100%. In the optimum rooting ＇culture medium, the roots of T. ciliate developed neatly, and the seedlings grew well.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou,China,No.Y20190117the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China,No.LQ21H090017。
文摘BACKGROUND Bronchiolar adenoma(BA)and ciliated muconodular papillary tumor are rare tumors that have bilayered cell proliferation and continuous expression of p40 and CK5/6 in the basal cell layer.Diagnosis is difficult because of the limited knowledge of these tumors and their morphological similarities to malignant tumors,including invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma,especially based on the histopathology of intraoperative frozen sections.These tumors are now considered to be benign neoplasms,with malignant transformation reported in only a few cases.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman presented with a 17.0 mm×7.0 mm nodule in the lower lobe of the left lung.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of a surgical specimen were performed.The tumor consisted of a BA area and a mucinous adenocarcinoma(MA)area.In the BA area,the tumor had a bilayered structure of luminal cells and basal cells.The basal cells were positive for CK5/6 and p40,but the MA area was negative for these biomarkers.The Ki-67 proliferation index was low(1%-2%).The patient was diagnosed with BA accompanied by MA,and had a favorable outcome.CONCLUSION The present study indicated that BA may be carcinogenic,and suggests that clinicians should be aware of its potential for malignant transformation.
文摘The impact of diflubenzuron (DFB) on Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protiste was studied. The treatment with DFB at concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL could appreciably reduce the growth of the protiste. The surveillance of protozoa′s respiratory metabolism with polarography technique showed a sensitive inhibition of its oxygen consumption, and at 20 μg/mL concentration the oxygen consumption was increased. For any malformation of morphology and perturbation in swimming trajectory, the neutral red coloration was done. This technique (neutral red) showed that there was a toxic effect of DFB on T. pyriformis, especially at the highest concentration; this toxicity was translated by rotatory swimming in same place and the increasing of coloration quantity in digestive vacuoles. Fig 5, Ref
文摘BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,and genetic mutation profile of two unusual cases of distal bronchiolar adenoma are retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature is reviewed.CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 63-year-old female patient who had a mixed ground-glass nodule,with mild cells in morphology,visible cilia,and bilayer structures in focal areas.Immunohistochemical staining for P63 and cytokeratin(CK)5/6 revealed the lack of a continuous bilayer structure in most areas,and no mutations were found in epidermal growth factor receptor,anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ROS1,Kirsten rat sarcoma,PIK3CA,BRAF,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),RET,and neuroblastoma RAS genes.Case 2 was a 58-year-old female patient who presented with a solid nodule,in which most cells were observed to be medium sized,the nuclear chromatin was pale and homogeneous,local cells had atypia,and cilia were found locally.Immunohistochemical staining for P63 and CK5/6 showed no expression of these proteins in mild cell morphology whereas the heteromorphic cells showed a bilayer structure.The same nine genes as above were analyzed,and HER2 gene mutation was identified.CONCLUSION Some unresolved questions remain to be answered to determine whether the lesion is a benign adenoma or a part of the process of malignant transformation from benign adenoma of the bronchial epithelium.Furthermore,whether lesions with atypical bilayer structures are similar to atypical hyperplastic lesions of the breast remains to be elucidated.Moreover,clarity on whether these lesions can be called atypical bronchiolar adenoma and whether they are invasive precursor lesions is needed.Future studies should examine the diagnostic significance of HER2 gene mutation as a prognostic indicator.
