Chlorantraniliprole was introduced into China from 2008 as a novel insecticide to control the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis （Walker）. Cotesia chilonis （Matsumura） is the major parasitoid of C. suppressalis. ...Chlorantraniliprole was introduced into China from 2008 as a novel insecticide to control the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis （Walker）. Cotesia chilonis （Matsumura） is the major parasitoid of C. suppressalis. We collected seven populations of C. suppressalis and two populations of C. chilonis in different locations in China in 2009 to investigate the lethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on them. The populations of C. suppressalis from different regions showed various LD50 values ranging from 2.00 to 18.70 ng per larva. Chlorantraniliprole has negligible acute contact toxicity （LC50500 mg L-1） to C. chilonis and its oral toxicity is also much lower than that of fipronil （2 800-fold difference in LC50）. The results indicated that chlorantraniliprole is a good alterative in rice integrated pest management （IPM） programs. The susceptibility data of C. suppressalis will be useful for monitoring resistance levels in future.展开更多
Five genes encoding heat shock proteins（HSPs）, Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90, were cloned and sequenced from Cotesia chilonis using RT-PCR and RACE. The c DNA sequences of Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70,...Five genes encoding heat shock proteins（HSPs）, Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90, were cloned and sequenced from Cotesia chilonis using RT-PCR and RACE. The c DNA sequences of Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90 were 1 265, 2 551, 2 094, 2 297 and 2 635 bp in length, respectively, with a molecular weight（MW） of 39.1, 60.6, 71.45, 70.19 and 82.92 k Da, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins showed high similarities with published HSPs of other insects in Hymenoptera. Analysis of genomic DNAs indicated that Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70 and Cchsp90 lacked introns, but Cchsc70 contained an intron. The results also suggested that CcH SP40 in C. chilonis was the Type II HSP40, Cc HSP60 was a member of the mitochondrial HSP60 family, and Cc HSP90 was a part of cytoplasmic HSP90 A family. Expression patterns varied in the five Cchsps in response to temperature. Expression of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60 was induced significantly by cold but not heat stress. Cchsp70 and Cchsc70 showed similar response to the thermal stress and could be induced by both cold and heat, but their expression levels were consistently lower than that of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60. Cchsp90 could be induced by heat stress and mild cold, but not cold stress. In addition, the results demonstrated Cchsc70 might be constitutive and inducible protein that was expressed during normal cell functioning and also up-regulated in response to stressful stimuli while Cchsp70 was solely inducible protein induced by temperature changes. Overall, results generated from this study could significantly advance the understanding of Cchsps in response to temperature and provide important biological information for C. chilonis insects that reared under different temperatures.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plan...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.展开更多
基金supports from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB109202)the Special Agricultural Research Projects for Public Welfare, China (200803004)
文摘Chlorantraniliprole was introduced into China from 2008 as a novel insecticide to control the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis （Walker）. Cotesia chilonis （Matsumura） is the major parasitoid of C. suppressalis. We collected seven populations of C. suppressalis and two populations of C. chilonis in different locations in China in 2009 to investigate the lethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on them. The populations of C. suppressalis from different regions showed various LD50 values ranging from 2.00 to 18.70 ng per larva. Chlorantraniliprole has negligible acute contact toxicity （LC50500 mg L-1） to C. chilonis and its oral toxicity is also much lower than that of fipronil （2 800-fold difference in LC50）. The results indicated that chlorantraniliprole is a good alterative in rice integrated pest management （IPM） programs. The susceptibility data of C. suppressalis will be useful for monitoring resistance levels in future.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0200400)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB127604)
文摘Five genes encoding heat shock proteins（HSPs）, Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90, were cloned and sequenced from Cotesia chilonis using RT-PCR and RACE. The c DNA sequences of Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90 were 1 265, 2 551, 2 094, 2 297 and 2 635 bp in length, respectively, with a molecular weight（MW） of 39.1, 60.6, 71.45, 70.19 and 82.92 k Da, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins showed high similarities with published HSPs of other insects in Hymenoptera. Analysis of genomic DNAs indicated that Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70 and Cchsp90 lacked introns, but Cchsc70 contained an intron. The results also suggested that CcH SP40 in C. chilonis was the Type II HSP40, Cc HSP60 was a member of the mitochondrial HSP60 family, and Cc HSP90 was a part of cytoplasmic HSP90 A family. Expression patterns varied in the five Cchsps in response to temperature. Expression of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60 was induced significantly by cold but not heat stress. Cchsp70 and Cchsc70 showed similar response to the thermal stress and could be induced by both cold and heat, but their expression levels were consistently lower than that of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60. Cchsp90 could be induced by heat stress and mild cold, but not cold stress. In addition, the results demonstrated Cchsc70 might be constitutive and inducible protein that was expressed during normal cell functioning and also up-regulated in response to stressful stimuli while Cchsp70 was solely inducible protein induced by temperature changes. Overall, results generated from this study could significantly advance the understanding of Cchsps in response to temperature and provide important biological information for C. chilonis insects that reared under different temperatures.
基金funded by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-"Agricultural Biological Breeding"Major Project(2023ZD04062)the Experimental Technology Research Program of Zhejiang University(SYB202126).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have started to play an important role in pest control,and novel miRNA-based transgenic insect-resistant plants are now emerging.However,an environmental risk assessment of these novel transgenic plants expressing insect miRNAs must be undertaken before promoting their application.Here,transgenic miR-14 rice,which has high resistance to the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis,was used as an example for evaluation in this study.Taking the tier 1 risk assessment method in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops as a reference,the effects of the direct exposure of a non-target parasitoid,Cotesia chilonis,to a high concentration of miRNA were evaluated.The results showed that direct feeding with miR-14 at high concentration had no significant effects on the biological parameters of Co.chilonis,whereas when miR-14 was injected into Ch.suppressalis-parasitized larvae,the development duration of Co.chilonis was significantly affected.In combination with the real conditions of the rice paddy field,it could be inferred that transgenic miR-14 rice has no significant negative effects on the important non-target parasitoid,Co.chilonis.These results will provide a foundation for the establishment of a new safety evaluation system for novel RNAi-based transgenic plants.
