Objective:To identify the risk factors for acquiring scrub typhus infection among all age group.Methods:A case-control study was carried out from June to December 2019 in collaboration with the Department of Health Se...Objective:To identify the risk factors for acquiring scrub typhus infection among all age group.Methods:A case-control study was carried out from June to December 2019 in collaboration with the Department of Health Services,Kerala.136 Of serologically confirmed scrub typhus reported during 2018 were included and 270 age and sex-matched healthy controls were selected randomly from different locations in the same area where the cases were reported.The risk factors identified were compared between cases and controls,using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for scrub typhus infection.Results:Some key factors like house type with individuals residing in houses with concrete roofs are associated with a higher risk of scrub typhus infection compared to tiled roofs(aOR 0.14,95%CI 0.36-0.56,P=0.005).Housewives exhibit a significantly higher risk(aOR 3.97,95%CI 2.15-8.94,P=0.038)of scrub typhus infection.Environmental factors,including the presence of rats(aOR 3.48,95%CI 1.19-6.53,P=0.023),the presence of domestic animals(aOR 2.98,95%CI 1.67-5.19,P<0.001),wet agricultural fields around the house(aOR 3.64,95%CI 1.50-6.54,P<0.001),and hygiene practices like not changing clothes after work(aOR 2.64,95%CI 1.37-4.68,P=0.024),and disposing of the wastes in their own yard(aOR 4.79,95%CI 3.78-9.55,P=0.043)are identified as significant high-risk factors for scrub typhus infection.Conclusions:These findings will be very useful to create awareness among the public and to undertake a detailed control strategy for scrub typhus.展开更多
Objective:To identify the presence of acarine ectoparasites and determine whether there is any potential public health risk in Panti Forest Reserve,Johore,Malaysia.Methods:Trapping of animals and avifauna was conducte...Objective:To identify the presence of acarine ectoparasites and determine whether there is any potential public health risk in Panti Forest Reserve,Johore,Malaysia.Methods:Trapping of animals and avifauna was conducted simultaneously along 5 expedition trails using 150 wire traps,10 harp traps and 30 mist nets for 6 consecutive nights.A total of 140 animals consisting of 7 species of birds,19 species of bats,6 species of rodents and 1 species of tree-shrew as well as 8 myriapods were examined.Results:Infestation rates of ticks,mesostigmatid mites and chiggers on animals examined were 24.3%,28.6%and 27.9%,respectively.Infestation on bats was low(1.5%) and none occurred on birds.Majority of ticks extracted were at immature stages(78.9%). Genera of ticks on animals were Amblyomma,Dermacentor,Haemaphysalis and Ixodes.Ixodes granulatus was the only species of licks identified from the animals.Examination of ticks under vegetation revealed 54%adults leading to identification of 3 species of ticks.A total of 7 species of mesostigmatid mites were found.6 species were on rodent,Maxomys mrifer and another one species,Laelaps nuttalli was found only on Leopoldamys sabanus.Laelaps sanguisugus was the only mesostigmatid found infesting tree-shrews.Seven genera of chiggers were identified.From this,5 genera were on rodents,4 genera on tree-shrews and 1 genus on a bat.Conclusions:A total of 16 genera,2 sub-genus and 14 species of acarine ectoparasites were found in this area. Findings of the survey demonstrate the presence of three spesies of acarine ectoparasites which have potential health risk i.e.Ixodes granulalus,Laelaps nuttalli and Leptotrombidium deliense.展开更多
Introduction:Scrub typhus,also known as jungle typhus,is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chiggers carrying Orientia tsutsugamushi.In recent years,it has reemerged as a signifi...Introduction:Scrub typhus,also known as jungle typhus,is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chiggers carrying Orientia tsutsugamushi.In recent years,it has reemerged as a significant public health concern in China,with cases being identified in an increasing number of previously unaffected regions.Methods:Data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP).We employed Joinpoint 5.1.0 for trend analysis and RStudio 4.4.1 for statistical analyses,including Mann-Whitney U tests(nonparametric),Cochran-Armitage tests,and binary logistic regression.SaTScan 9.1.1 and ArcGIS 10.7 were utilized to identify high-risk spatial clusters.Results:Scrub typhus incidence in China increased dramatically from 0.095/100,000 to 2.357/100,000 between 2006 and 2023.The epidemic trend was categorized into 3 distinct phases:a rapid increase period[APC2006-2013=37.1%,95%confidence interval(CI):31.4%,43.0%],a slow increase period(APC2014-2018=13.4%,95%CI:4.6%,23.0%),and a peak-plateau period(APC2019–2023=−0.2%,95%CI:3.2%,3.0%),with annual cases ranging from 24,870 to 33,229.The proportion of individuals aged≥45 years demonstrated an increasing trend(AAPC=2.0%).We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns across China:summer,autumn,and summerautumn patterns.This study revealed distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of scrub typhus in China,with the primary cluster concentrated in Yunnan Province and geographic expansion from southwestern,southern,and eastern regions toward central and northern China.Conclusions:Scrub typhus incidence in China has increased substantially and has reached a peak plateau phase.The disease exhibits distinct spatiotemporal distribution patterns,necessitating targeted control measures in affected regions.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae.The disease prevalence...What is already known about this topic?Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae.The disease prevalence is closely associated with environments characterized by high moisture levels and abundant vegetation.What is added by this report?This study documents the first confirmed case of scrub typhus in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.The patient presented with characteristic clinical manifestations,including abnormal biochemical indicators and positive serum-specific IgM antibodies against scrub typhus.Epidemiological evidence suggests local acquisition of the disease.What are the implications for public health practice?Enhanced surveillance and preventive measures for scrub typhus are essential in this region,particularly for individuals residing in or visiting areas where the disease may be endemic.展开更多
文摘Objective:To identify the risk factors for acquiring scrub typhus infection among all age group.Methods:A case-control study was carried out from June to December 2019 in collaboration with the Department of Health Services,Kerala.136 Of serologically confirmed scrub typhus reported during 2018 were included and 270 age and sex-matched healthy controls were selected randomly from different locations in the same area where the cases were reported.The risk factors identified were compared between cases and controls,using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for scrub typhus infection.Results:Some key factors like house type with individuals residing in houses with concrete roofs are associated with a higher risk of scrub typhus infection compared to tiled roofs(aOR 0.14,95%CI 0.36-0.56,P=0.005).Housewives exhibit a significantly higher risk(aOR 3.97,95%CI 2.15-8.94,P=0.038)of scrub typhus infection.Environmental factors,including the presence of rats(aOR 3.48,95%CI 1.19-6.53,P=0.023),the presence of domestic animals(aOR 2.98,95%CI 1.67-5.19,P<0.001),wet agricultural fields around the house(aOR 3.64,95%CI 1.50-6.54,P<0.001),and hygiene practices like not changing clothes after work(aOR 2.64,95%CI 1.37-4.68,P=0.024),and disposing of the wastes in their own yard(aOR 4.79,95%CI 3.78-9.55,P=0.043)are identified as significant high-risk factors for scrub typhus infection.Conclusions:These findings will be very useful to create awareness among the public and to undertake a detailed control strategy for scrub typhus.
文摘Objective:To identify the presence of acarine ectoparasites and determine whether there is any potential public health risk in Panti Forest Reserve,Johore,Malaysia.Methods:Trapping of animals and avifauna was conducted simultaneously along 5 expedition trails using 150 wire traps,10 harp traps and 30 mist nets for 6 consecutive nights.A total of 140 animals consisting of 7 species of birds,19 species of bats,6 species of rodents and 1 species of tree-shrew as well as 8 myriapods were examined.Results:Infestation rates of ticks,mesostigmatid mites and chiggers on animals examined were 24.3%,28.6%and 27.9%,respectively.Infestation on bats was low(1.5%) and none occurred on birds.Majority of ticks extracted were at immature stages(78.9%). Genera of ticks on animals were Amblyomma,Dermacentor,Haemaphysalis and Ixodes.Ixodes granulatus was the only species of licks identified from the animals.Examination of ticks under vegetation revealed 54%adults leading to identification of 3 species of ticks.A total of 7 species of mesostigmatid mites were found.6 species were on rodent,Maxomys mrifer and another one species,Laelaps nuttalli was found only on Leopoldamys sabanus.Laelaps sanguisugus was the only mesostigmatid found infesting tree-shrews.Seven genera of chiggers were identified.From this,5 genera were on rodents,4 genera on tree-shrews and 1 genus on a bat.Conclusions:A total of 16 genera,2 sub-genus and 14 species of acarine ectoparasites were found in this area. Findings of the survey demonstrate the presence of three spesies of acarine ectoparasites which have potential health risk i.e.Ixodes granulalus,Laelaps nuttalli and Leptotrombidium deliense.
基金Supported by the Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism Operation Program of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(102393220020010000017)Chinese National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX10101002-003-002).
文摘Introduction:Scrub typhus,also known as jungle typhus,is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chiggers carrying Orientia tsutsugamushi.In recent years,it has reemerged as a significant public health concern in China,with cases being identified in an increasing number of previously unaffected regions.Methods:Data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP).We employed Joinpoint 5.1.0 for trend analysis and RStudio 4.4.1 for statistical analyses,including Mann-Whitney U tests(nonparametric),Cochran-Armitage tests,and binary logistic regression.SaTScan 9.1.1 and ArcGIS 10.7 were utilized to identify high-risk spatial clusters.Results:Scrub typhus incidence in China increased dramatically from 0.095/100,000 to 2.357/100,000 between 2006 and 2023.The epidemic trend was categorized into 3 distinct phases:a rapid increase period[APC2006-2013=37.1%,95%confidence interval(CI):31.4%,43.0%],a slow increase period(APC2014-2018=13.4%,95%CI:4.6%,23.0%),and a peak-plateau period(APC2019–2023=−0.2%,95%CI:3.2%,3.0%),with annual cases ranging from 24,870 to 33,229.The proportion of individuals aged≥45 years demonstrated an increasing trend(AAPC=2.0%).We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns across China:summer,autumn,and summerautumn patterns.This study revealed distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of scrub typhus in China,with the primary cluster concentrated in Yunnan Province and geographic expansion from southwestern,southern,and eastern regions toward central and northern China.Conclusions:Scrub typhus incidence in China has increased substantially and has reached a peak plateau phase.The disease exhibits distinct spatiotemporal distribution patterns,necessitating targeted control measures in affected regions.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2602203).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae.The disease prevalence is closely associated with environments characterized by high moisture levels and abundant vegetation.What is added by this report?This study documents the first confirmed case of scrub typhus in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.The patient presented with characteristic clinical manifestations,including abnormal biochemical indicators and positive serum-specific IgM antibodies against scrub typhus.Epidemiological evidence suggests local acquisition of the disease.What are the implications for public health practice?Enhanced surveillance and preventive measures for scrub typhus are essential in this region,particularly for individuals residing in or visiting areas where the disease may be endemic.
