Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized inf...Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized influencing factors has resulted in a Fe chelating capacity of the iron-based desulfurization solution to be equal to 6.83—13.56 g/L at a redox potential of 0.185—0.3. The desulfurization performance of Fe(III)/Fe(II) chelating agents was investigated on a simulated sulfur-containing industrial gas composed of H2 S and N2 in a cross-flow rotating packed bed. Test results have revealed that the proposed iron-based desulfurization solution showed a sulfur removal efficiency of over 99% along with a Fe chelating capacity exceeding 1.35 g/L. This desulfurization technology which has practical application prospect is currently in the phase of commercial scale-up study.展开更多
By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction met...By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction method. In order to determine the operating conditions of the system, the effects of the concentration of Fe3+ ions(ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L), the liquid-gas volume ratio(ranging from 15 to 25 L/m3) and the high gravity factor(ranging from 36 to 126) on the removal of H2 S were studied by means of the Box-Behnken design(BBD) under response surface methodology(RSM). The overall results have demonstrated that the BBD with an experimental design can be used effectively in the optimization of the desulfurization process. The optimal conditions based on both individualized and combined responses(at a Fe3+ ion concentration of 0.16 mol/L, a liquid-gas volume ratio of 20.67 L/m3 and a high gravity factor of 87) were found. Under this optimum condition, the desulfurization efficiency could reach 98.81% when the H2 S concentration was 7 g/m3 in APG. In this work, the sulfur product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX). The results of analysis show that the sulfur is made of the high-purity orthorhombic crystals, which are advantageous to environmental conservation.展开更多
A new electrochemical reactor with rotating cylindrical electrodes was designed and used to increase the regeneration efficiency of chelated iron desulfurization solution.The influence of operating parameters,such as ...A new electrochemical reactor with rotating cylindrical electrodes was designed and used to increase the regeneration efficiency of chelated iron desulfurization solution.The influence of operating parameters,such as the rotation speed of electrode,voltage,and inlet air and liquid flow rates,on the regeneration rate was investigated.Compared with the traditional tank-type reactor,the regeneration rate with the new electrochemical reactor was increased significantly.Under the optimum conditions,the regeneration rate was increased from 45.3%to 84.8%.Experimental results of continuous operation indicated that the new electrochemical regeneration method had some merits including higher regeneration efficiency,smaller equipment size and good stability in operation.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method...[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.展开更多
The aim of this research was to study the effect of spraying nutritional solution ＂PRO.SOL＂ and chelated iron on vegetative and floral growth characteristics on Gazania plant. Randomized Complete Block Design （R.C....The aim of this research was to study the effect of spraying nutritional solution ＂PRO.SOL＂ and chelated iron on vegetative and floral growth characteristics on Gazania plant. Randomized Complete Block Design （R.C.B.D） was adopted utilizing two applications in three replicates. Three concentration levels of nutritional solution PRO.SOL （10.00, 5.00 and 0.00 mg/L） and four concentration levels of chelated iron （90.00, 60.00, 30.00 and 0.00 mg/L） were applied in this experiment. The interaction between the two factors was also measured. The mean values were compared using L.S.D test at probability level 0.05. Spraying PRO.SOL at concentration 10.00 mg/L or chelated iron concentration level 90.00 mg/L improved growth parameters. There was significant increase in： number of total leaves per plant, shoot dry weight, leaves total chlorophyll content, number of off-shoots, number and length of primary roots, length of the peduncle, number of flowers, number of petals and flower dry weight. Meanwhile leaf carbohydrate contents, phosphorus percentage and leaf iron content were increased significantly compared with the （unsprayed plants）. The interaction treatment, spraying nutritional solution PRO.SOL at concentration level 10.00 mg/L with 90 mg Lt chelated iron had a significant increase in all studied growth parameters, i.e., the number of flowers and petals gave 8.33 flowers and 18.67 petals compared with the control treatment which gave 3.33 flowers and 13.00 petals. Meanwhile leaf carbohydrate contents, phosphorus percentage and leaf iron content increased significantly in comparison with the unsprayed plants which gave the least values.展开更多
Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（H...Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu.展开更多
Here,this work presents an air-stable ultrabright inverted organic lightemitting device(OLED)by using zinc ionchelated polyethylenimine(PEI)as electron injection layer.The zinc chelation is demonstrated to increase th...Here,this work presents an air-stable ultrabright inverted organic lightemitting device(OLED)by using zinc ionchelated polyethylenimine(PEI)as electron injection layer.The zinc chelation is demonstrated to increase the conductivity of the PEI by three orders of magnitude and passivate the polar amine groups.With these physicochemical properties,the inverted OLED shows a record-high external quantum efficiency of 10.0% at a high brightness of 45,610 cd m^(-2) and can deliver a maximum brightness of 121,865 cd m^(-2).Besides,the inverted OLED is also demonstrated to possess an excellent air stability(humidity,35%)with a half-brightness operating time of 541 h@1000 cd m^(-2) without any protection nor encapsulation.展开更多
The reaction of Os(RL1)(PPh3)2(CO)Br, 1b, with qui-nolin-8-ol (HQ), 2, has furnished complexes of the type [Os(RL2)(PPh3)2(CO)(Q)], 3, in excellent yield (RL1 is C6H2O-2-CHNHC6H4R(p)-3-Me-5, RL2 is C6H2OH-2-CHNC6H4R(p...The reaction of Os(RL1)(PPh3)2(CO)Br, 1b, with qui-nolin-8-ol (HQ), 2, has furnished complexes of the type [Os(RL2)(PPh3)2(CO)(Q)], 3, in excellent yield (RL1 is C6H2O-2-CHNHC6H4R(p)-3-Me-5, RL2 is C6H2OH-2-CHNC6H4R(p)-3-Me-5 and R is Me, OMe, Cl). In this process, quinolin-8-olato (Q) undergoes five-membered chelation, the iminium-phenolato function tautomerizing to the imine-phenol function. The trans geometry of the Os(PPh3)2 fragment is consistent with the occurrence of a single 31P resonance near –6.0 ppm in 3. In dichloromethane solution, 3 displays a quasireversible 3+/3 couple near 0.40 V vs. SCE (3+ is the osmium (III) analogue of 3). Coulometrically generated solutions of 3+ displays a strong absorption near 340 nm, 415 nm and 500 nm and are one-electron paramagnetic (low-spin d5, S = 1/2) and show rhombic EPR spectra in 1:1 dichloromethanetoluene solution at 77 K with g values near 2.44, 2.20, 1.83. Distortion parameters using the observed g values have been computed. Solutions of 3 absorb near 420 nm and emit near 510 nm at 298 K and 580 nm at 77 K. The fluorescence is believed to originate from the 3MLCT state.展开更多
Nanoparticle labes conjuaged with biomolecules have been used in a variety of different assay application.We investigated the possibility of using europium(Ⅲ)chated-doped silica nanoparticle conjugated with streptavi...Nanoparticle labes conjuaged with biomolecules have been used in a variety of different assay application.We investigated the possibility of using europium(Ⅲ)chated-doped silica nanoparticle conjugated with streptavidin(SA)to detect mouse IgG by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay(TRFIA).Results demonstrate that the nanoparticle is a novel kind of superior fluourscent probe which could be effectively applied in time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay with high detective sensitivity.In the present study,the lowest detection limit of mouse IgG is 34 pg mL^(-1).展开更多
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays a...The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.展开更多
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acr...The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acres commercial female broilers were fed a basal corn-soybean diet containing Mn at 25.64 mg/kg diet for 10 d.They were then randomly assigned to 6 groups,including a control group(the basal diet),a Mn sulfate group(the basal diet supplemented with Mn at 100 mg/kg diet),and 4 Mn-MHAC groups(the basal diet supplemented with Mn-MHAC at 25,50,75 and 100 mg Mn/kg diet,respectively).The results showed that compared with the control group,groups supplemented with Mn-MHAC had a positive effect on BW(quadratic,P=0.017)and ADG(quadratic,P=0.017).Moreover,the Mn-MHAC(50 mg Mn/kg diet)group had significantly greater BW and ADG(P<0.05)compared with the other Mn-MHAC groups.Trace element deposition results also showed that tibial Mn increased(linear or quadratic,P-0.002 and 0.009,respectively)in groups fed diets with increased levels of Mn-MHAC.In contrast,Fe deposition decreased both in the heart(linear,P-0.020)and tibia(P<0.05).In addition,the Mn-MHAC supplement noticeably lowered serum Mn-SOD activity(linear or quadratic,P-0.048 and 0.019,respectively).The relative mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1)(P=0.024),ferro-portin 1(FPN1)(P=0.049),and Cu transporter-1(CTR1)(P<0.001)in the duodenum,as well as CTR1 in the jejunum and ileum(P=0.040 and 0.011,respectively)were higher in the Mn-supplemented group than in the control group.Furthermore,the relative mRNA level of DMT1 in the jejunum and ileum of broilers in the Mn-MHAC group(50 mg Mn/kg diet)did not differ from those in the control group,but was lower than those in the Mn sulfate group(P<0.05).In conclusion,Mn-MHAC dietary supplementation improved the growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.From this study,we recommend the opti-mum Mn-MHAC level to meet the Mn requirement of broilers is 50 to 75 mg Mn/kg diet.展开更多
The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the ...The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the production of high-end wines.In this study,7-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown at Lilan Winery,which is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,China,were used to examine the effect of exogenous calcium supplementation on fruit growth and berry quality.Calcium sugar alcohol was applied as a foliar spray at 1.2 L/hm^(2)(T1),2.4 L/hm^(2)(T2),3.6 L/hm^(2)(T3),4.8 L/hm^(2)(T4),and 6.0 L/hm^(2)(T5)concentrations at the fruit expansion stage,the early stage of grape veraison,the middle stage of grape veraison,and the later stage of grape veraison.Water control was used for comparison.The results showed that foliar calcium supplementation can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of wine grape leaves,increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,and improve the quality of grape berries.Under the T3(3.6 L/hm^(2))concentration of exogenous calcium,the transverse diameter,the longitudinal diameter,and fruit shape index of grapes were the highest,which were increased by 1.71%,5.33%,and 3.92%compared to the control,respectively.The application of high calcium concentrations(T4 and T5)inhibited the physiological development of grapes.The spike length,hundred-grain weight,yield of wine grapes,sugar-acid ratio,tannin,and total phenols were the highest in the T2(2.4 L/hm^(2))treatment.The results of principal component analysis based on multiple indicators showed that foliar application of 2.4-3.6 L/hm^(2)chelated sugar alcohol calcium on the leaf surfaces of grape leaves was the most suitable for improving the physiological characteristics and berry quality of wine grapes.展开更多
Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the ...Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the hemoglobin.The hallmarks of the disease include ineffective erythropoiesis,chronic hemolytic anemia,and iron overload.Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic carriers to severe anemia requiring lifelong blood transfusions with subsequent devastating complications.The management of patients with severeβ-thalassemia represents a global health problem,particularly in low-income countries.Until recently,management strategies were limited to regular transfusions and iron chelation therapy,with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation available only for a subset of patients.Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms ofβ-thalassemia syndromes and associated clinical phenotypes has paved the way for novel therapeutic options,including pharmacologic enhancers of effective erythropoiesis and gene therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease(WD)is a rare metabolic disorder of copper accumulation in organs such as liver,brain,and cornea.Diagnoses and treatments are challenging in settings,where advanced diagnostic tests are ...BACKGROUND Wilson's disease(WD)is a rare metabolic disorder of copper accumulation in organs such as liver,brain,and cornea.Diagnoses and treatments are challenging in settings,where advanced diagnostic tests are unavailable,copper chelating agents are frequently scarce,healthcare professionals lack disease awareness,and medical follow-ups are limited.Prompt diagnoses and treatments help prevent complications,improve patients’quality of life,and ensure a normal life expectancy.The clinical presentations and outcomes of WD can vary within a single family.CASE SUMMARY We present the cases of two siblings(19 and 27 years)from a consanguineous family in rural Ecuador,diagnosed as having WD during a family screening.The male patient,diagnosed at age 19 after his brother’s death from acute liver failure,presented with compensated cirrhosis,neurological symptoms,and bilateral Kayser-Fleischer rings.He developed progressive neurological deterioration during an irregular treatment with D-penicillamine due to medication shortages.His condition improved upon switching to trientine tetrahydrochloride,and his neurological symptoms improved over an 8-year period of follow-ups.The female patient,diagnosed at age 10,exhibited only biochemical alterations.Her treatment history was similar;however,she remained asymptomatic without disease progression over the same follow-up period.We discuss the potential influence of epigenetic mechanisms and modifier genes on the various phenotypes,emphasizing the need for research in these areas to optimize therapeutic strategies.CONCLUSION Our patients’medical histories show how early diagnosis and treatment can prevent disease progression;and,how suboptimal treatments impact disease outcomes.展开更多
The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and...The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.展开更多
The chemical composition of seawater affects the desulfurization of chalcopyrite in flotation.In this study,desulfurization experiments of chalcopyrite were conducted in both deionized(DI)water and seawater.The result...The chemical composition of seawater affects the desulfurization of chalcopyrite in flotation.In this study,desulfurization experiments of chalcopyrite were conducted in both deionized(DI)water and seawater.The results showed that,the copper grade of the concentrate obtained from seawater flotation decreased to 24.30%,compared to 24.60%in DI water.Concurrently,the recovery of chalcopyrite decreased from 51.39%to 38.67%,while the selectivity index(SI)also had a reduction from 2.006 to 1.798.The incorporation of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),sodium silicate(SS),and sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP)yielded an enhancement in the SI value,elevating it from 1.798 to 1.897,2.250 and 2.153,separately.It is particularly noteworthy that an excess of EDTA resulted in a SI value of merely 1.831.The mechanism of action was elucidated through analysis of surface charge measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),extended Derjaguin-Landau Verwey-Overbeek(E-DLVO)theory,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.展开更多
Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten surviv...Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten survival of biotic components.To take the edge off,remediation of metal-contaminated sites by phytoremediators that exhibit a potential to withstand heavy metal stress and quench harmful metals is considered an eco-sustainable approach.Despite the enormous potential,phytoremediation technique suffers a setback owing to high metal concentrations,occurrence of multiple pollutants,low plant biomass,and soil physicochemical status that affect plants at cellular and molecular levels,inducing morphological,physiological,and genetic alterations.Nevertheless,augmentation of soil with microorganisms can alleviate the challenge.A positive nexus between microbes,particularly plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs),and phytoremediators can prevent phytotoxicity and augment phytoremediation by employing strategies such as production of secondary metabolites,solubilization of phosphate,and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase and phytohormones.Microbes can mediate tolerance in plants by fortifying their antioxidant machinery,which maintains redox homeostasis and alleviates metal-induced oxidative damage in the plants.Associated microbes can also activate stress-responsive genes in plants and abridge metal-induced toxic effects.An in-depth exploration of the mechanisms employed by plant-associated microbes to trigger tolerance in phytoremediators is crucial for improving their phytoremediation potential and real-world applications.The present article attempts to comprehensively review these mechanisms that eventually facilitate the development of improved/new technology for soil ecosystem restoration.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or C...Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.展开更多
Boron adsorbents with high adsorption capacities have long been a focus of research for a long time.This study used small molecular polyols with different hydroxyl groups as functional monomers and as end-capping agen...Boron adsorbents with high adsorption capacities have long been a focus of research for a long time.This study used small molecular polyols with different hydroxyl groups as functional monomers and as end-capping agents,functional dendritic polyurethanes with nano structure were successfully prepared by one-pot method.The single molecule size and surface morphology were characterized by dynamic light scattering,transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the molecular size in the dry state was 11 to 18 nm.The prepared materials were used as the boron adsorbents,and the effects of pH,time,boron solution concentration and temperature on the adsorption were studied.The results showed that the capacity of adsorbed boron could reach 110-130 mg·g^(-1).Adsorption was a homogeneous monolayer adsorption controlled by chemisorption,and adsorption thermodynamics showed that was a spontaneous endothermic process.Adsorption behavior was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm.This study also showed that it was difficult for ortho/meta-hydroxyl groups to chelate with H_(3)BO_(3) and other polyborates,and the chelates mainly had good chelating properties with B(OH)_(4)^(-),and the chelates formed had large steric hindrance.At the same time,increasing the number of hydroxyl groups of functional monomers was beneficial to increase the adsorption capacity of materials.In addition,the cyclic adsorption/desorption experiments showed that DPUs have good cyclic stability.At the same time,the adsorption results of the original salt lake brine showed that other metal ions in the brine had little effect on the adsorption of boron,and the adsorption capacity was as high as52.93 mg·g^(-1),and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained by Adams-Bohart model to58.80 mg·g^(-1).The outstanding selectivity and adsorption capacity of these materials have broad potential application,and are expected to be used for the efficient adsorption and removal in boroncontaining water bodies.展开更多
During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugat...During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugated molecule with a dual-ring structure,namely CCA(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid),as an additive to regulate the crystallization of perovskite films and passivate defects.As a bidentate Lewis base,CCA coordinates the bidentate carboxyl groups with free Pb^(2+)through the delocalized electrons of its conjugated ring.This coordination regulates lattice stress,repairs the 3D[PbI6]octahedra,stabilizes the perovskite framework,and guides the vertical orientation growth of grains.Simultaneously,the addition of CCA shifts the perovskite’s band structure towards p-type,achieving better energy-level alignment with the doped hole-transport layer(HTL)and suppressing non-radiative recombination.Consequently,the prepared CCA-doped single-junction devices exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.90%,with a high open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.195,a high fill factor(FF)of 84.60%,and low FF loss.The optimized films and devices show enhanced long-term stability,retaining 80.1%of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 560 h.Additionally,a PCE of 21.6%was achieved in devices with a bandgap of 1.68 eV,which were further extended to perovskite/silicon tandem devices,achieving high-performance devices with PCEs of 30.96%(aperture area:1.05 cm^(2))and 25.96%(aperture area:20.06 cm^(2)).展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Fundation of China (No.21376229) the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shanxi Province,China (No.20130321035-02)
文摘Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized influencing factors has resulted in a Fe chelating capacity of the iron-based desulfurization solution to be equal to 6.83—13.56 g/L at a redox potential of 0.185—0.3. The desulfurization performance of Fe(III)/Fe(II) chelating agents was investigated on a simulated sulfur-containing industrial gas composed of H2 S and N2 in a cross-flow rotating packed bed. Test results have revealed that the proposed iron-based desulfurization solution showed a sulfur removal efficiency of over 99% along with a Fe chelating capacity exceeding 1.35 g/L. This desulfurization technology which has practical application prospect is currently in the phase of commercial scale-up study.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 21376229)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shanxi Province (No. 20130321035-02)
文摘By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction method. In order to determine the operating conditions of the system, the effects of the concentration of Fe3+ ions(ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L), the liquid-gas volume ratio(ranging from 15 to 25 L/m3) and the high gravity factor(ranging from 36 to 126) on the removal of H2 S were studied by means of the Box-Behnken design(BBD) under response surface methodology(RSM). The overall results have demonstrated that the BBD with an experimental design can be used effectively in the optimization of the desulfurization process. The optimal conditions based on both individualized and combined responses(at a Fe3+ ion concentration of 0.16 mol/L, a liquid-gas volume ratio of 20.67 L/m3 and a high gravity factor of 87) were found. Under this optimum condition, the desulfurization efficiency could reach 98.81% when the H2 S concentration was 7 g/m3 in APG. In this work, the sulfur product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX). The results of analysis show that the sulfur is made of the high-purity orthorhombic crystals, which are advantageous to environmental conservation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21376229)the Excellent Innovation Projects of Postgraduates of Shanxi Province(20103084)the Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shanxi Province Colleges and Universities(2013128)
文摘A new electrochemical reactor with rotating cylindrical electrodes was designed and used to increase the regeneration efficiency of chelated iron desulfurization solution.The influence of operating parameters,such as the rotation speed of electrode,voltage,and inlet air and liquid flow rates,on the regeneration rate was investigated.Compared with the traditional tank-type reactor,the regeneration rate with the new electrochemical reactor was increased significantly.Under the optimum conditions,the regeneration rate was increased from 45.3%to 84.8%.Experimental results of continuous operation indicated that the new electrochemical regeneration method had some merits including higher regeneration efficiency,smaller equipment size and good stability in operation.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.
文摘The aim of this research was to study the effect of spraying nutritional solution ＂PRO.SOL＂ and chelated iron on vegetative and floral growth characteristics on Gazania plant. Randomized Complete Block Design （R.C.B.D） was adopted utilizing two applications in three replicates. Three concentration levels of nutritional solution PRO.SOL （10.00, 5.00 and 0.00 mg/L） and four concentration levels of chelated iron （90.00, 60.00, 30.00 and 0.00 mg/L） were applied in this experiment. The interaction between the two factors was also measured. The mean values were compared using L.S.D test at probability level 0.05. Spraying PRO.SOL at concentration 10.00 mg/L or chelated iron concentration level 90.00 mg/L improved growth parameters. There was significant increase in： number of total leaves per plant, shoot dry weight, leaves total chlorophyll content, number of off-shoots, number and length of primary roots, length of the peduncle, number of flowers, number of petals and flower dry weight. Meanwhile leaf carbohydrate contents, phosphorus percentage and leaf iron content were increased significantly compared with the （unsprayed plants）. The interaction treatment, spraying nutritional solution PRO.SOL at concentration level 10.00 mg/L with 90 mg Lt chelated iron had a significant increase in all studied growth parameters, i.e., the number of flowers and petals gave 8.33 flowers and 18.67 petals compared with the control treatment which gave 3.33 flowers and 13.00 petals. Meanwhile leaf carbohydrate contents, phosphorus percentage and leaf iron content increased significantly in comparison with the unsprayed plants which gave the least values.
文摘Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61905086,62174067,62175085)Science and Technology Development Planning of Jilin Province(Project Nos.20190101024JH,20200201296JC)+1 种基金the Hong Kong Scholars Program(Project No.XJ2020028)grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project Nos.11300418 and 11300419).
文摘Here,this work presents an air-stable ultrabright inverted organic lightemitting device(OLED)by using zinc ionchelated polyethylenimine(PEI)as electron injection layer.The zinc chelation is demonstrated to increase the conductivity of the PEI by three orders of magnitude and passivate the polar amine groups.With these physicochemical properties,the inverted OLED shows a record-high external quantum efficiency of 10.0% at a high brightness of 45,610 cd m^(-2) and can deliver a maximum brightness of 121,865 cd m^(-2).Besides,the inverted OLED is also demonstrated to possess an excellent air stability(humidity,35%)with a half-brightness operating time of 541 h@1000 cd m^(-2) without any protection nor encapsulation.
文摘The reaction of Os(RL1)(PPh3)2(CO)Br, 1b, with qui-nolin-8-ol (HQ), 2, has furnished complexes of the type [Os(RL2)(PPh3)2(CO)(Q)], 3, in excellent yield (RL1 is C6H2O-2-CHNHC6H4R(p)-3-Me-5, RL2 is C6H2OH-2-CHNC6H4R(p)-3-Me-5 and R is Me, OMe, Cl). In this process, quinolin-8-olato (Q) undergoes five-membered chelation, the iminium-phenolato function tautomerizing to the imine-phenol function. The trans geometry of the Os(PPh3)2 fragment is consistent with the occurrence of a single 31P resonance near –6.0 ppm in 3. In dichloromethane solution, 3 displays a quasireversible 3+/3 couple near 0.40 V vs. SCE (3+ is the osmium (III) analogue of 3). Coulometrically generated solutions of 3+ displays a strong absorption near 340 nm, 415 nm and 500 nm and are one-electron paramagnetic (low-spin d5, S = 1/2) and show rhombic EPR spectra in 1:1 dichloromethanetoluene solution at 77 K with g values near 2.44, 2.20, 1.83. Distortion parameters using the observed g values have been computed. Solutions of 3 absorb near 420 nm and emit near 510 nm at 298 K and 580 nm at 77 K. The fluorescence is believed to originate from the 3MLCT state.
基金the National 973 Program(No.2010CB933901)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.S30109)+1 种基金Shanghai Pujing ProgramShanghai Nano Program(No.0752nm024)is gratefully acknowlegded.
文摘Nanoparticle labes conjuaged with biomolecules have been used in a variety of different assay application.We investigated the possibility of using europium(Ⅲ)chated-doped silica nanoparticle conjugated with streptavidin(SA)to detect mouse IgG by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay(TRFIA).Results demonstrate that the nanoparticle is a novel kind of superior fluourscent probe which could be effectively applied in time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay with high detective sensitivity.In the present study,the lowest detection limit of mouse IgG is 34 pg mL^(-1).
文摘The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
基金National key research and development program of China(2016YFD0200900,2016YFD0501200)the Chinese Academy of Science STS Project(KFJ-STS-QYZD-095)Agricultural innovation project of Hunan Province(2019TD01).
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acres commercial female broilers were fed a basal corn-soybean diet containing Mn at 25.64 mg/kg diet for 10 d.They were then randomly assigned to 6 groups,including a control group(the basal diet),a Mn sulfate group(the basal diet supplemented with Mn at 100 mg/kg diet),and 4 Mn-MHAC groups(the basal diet supplemented with Mn-MHAC at 25,50,75 and 100 mg Mn/kg diet,respectively).The results showed that compared with the control group,groups supplemented with Mn-MHAC had a positive effect on BW(quadratic,P=0.017)and ADG(quadratic,P=0.017).Moreover,the Mn-MHAC(50 mg Mn/kg diet)group had significantly greater BW and ADG(P<0.05)compared with the other Mn-MHAC groups.Trace element deposition results also showed that tibial Mn increased(linear or quadratic,P-0.002 and 0.009,respectively)in groups fed diets with increased levels of Mn-MHAC.In contrast,Fe deposition decreased both in the heart(linear,P-0.020)and tibia(P<0.05).In addition,the Mn-MHAC supplement noticeably lowered serum Mn-SOD activity(linear or quadratic,P-0.048 and 0.019,respectively).The relative mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1)(P=0.024),ferro-portin 1(FPN1)(P=0.049),and Cu transporter-1(CTR1)(P<0.001)in the duodenum,as well as CTR1 in the jejunum and ileum(P=0.040 and 0.011,respectively)were higher in the Mn-supplemented group than in the control group.Furthermore,the relative mRNA level of DMT1 in the jejunum and ileum of broilers in the Mn-MHAC group(50 mg Mn/kg diet)did not differ from those in the control group,but was lower than those in the Mn sulfate group(P<0.05).In conclusion,Mn-MHAC dietary supplementation improved the growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.From this study,we recommend the opti-mum Mn-MHAC level to meet the Mn requirement of broilers is 50 to 75 mg Mn/kg diet.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019YFD1002500)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2020AAC02011).
文摘The eastern foothills of Helan Mountain are a production area of high-quality wine grapes,but the low content of water-soluble calcium in the alkaline soil in this area has become an important limiting factor for the production of high-end wines.In this study,7-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown at Lilan Winery,which is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,China,were used to examine the effect of exogenous calcium supplementation on fruit growth and berry quality.Calcium sugar alcohol was applied as a foliar spray at 1.2 L/hm^(2)(T1),2.4 L/hm^(2)(T2),3.6 L/hm^(2)(T3),4.8 L/hm^(2)(T4),and 6.0 L/hm^(2)(T5)concentrations at the fruit expansion stage,the early stage of grape veraison,the middle stage of grape veraison,and the later stage of grape veraison.Water control was used for comparison.The results showed that foliar calcium supplementation can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of wine grape leaves,increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,and improve the quality of grape berries.Under the T3(3.6 L/hm^(2))concentration of exogenous calcium,the transverse diameter,the longitudinal diameter,and fruit shape index of grapes were the highest,which were increased by 1.71%,5.33%,and 3.92%compared to the control,respectively.The application of high calcium concentrations(T4 and T5)inhibited the physiological development of grapes.The spike length,hundred-grain weight,yield of wine grapes,sugar-acid ratio,tannin,and total phenols were the highest in the T2(2.4 L/hm^(2))treatment.The results of principal component analysis based on multiple indicators showed that foliar application of 2.4-3.6 L/hm^(2)chelated sugar alcohol calcium on the leaf surfaces of grape leaves was the most suitable for improving the physiological characteristics and berry quality of wine grapes.
文摘Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the hemoglobin.The hallmarks of the disease include ineffective erythropoiesis,chronic hemolytic anemia,and iron overload.Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic carriers to severe anemia requiring lifelong blood transfusions with subsequent devastating complications.The management of patients with severeβ-thalassemia represents a global health problem,particularly in low-income countries.Until recently,management strategies were limited to regular transfusions and iron chelation therapy,with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation available only for a subset of patients.Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms ofβ-thalassemia syndromes and associated clinical phenotypes has paved the way for novel therapeutic options,including pharmacologic enhancers of effective erythropoiesis and gene therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Wilson's disease(WD)is a rare metabolic disorder of copper accumulation in organs such as liver,brain,and cornea.Diagnoses and treatments are challenging in settings,where advanced diagnostic tests are unavailable,copper chelating agents are frequently scarce,healthcare professionals lack disease awareness,and medical follow-ups are limited.Prompt diagnoses and treatments help prevent complications,improve patients’quality of life,and ensure a normal life expectancy.The clinical presentations and outcomes of WD can vary within a single family.CASE SUMMARY We present the cases of two siblings(19 and 27 years)from a consanguineous family in rural Ecuador,diagnosed as having WD during a family screening.The male patient,diagnosed at age 19 after his brother’s death from acute liver failure,presented with compensated cirrhosis,neurological symptoms,and bilateral Kayser-Fleischer rings.He developed progressive neurological deterioration during an irregular treatment with D-penicillamine due to medication shortages.His condition improved upon switching to trientine tetrahydrochloride,and his neurological symptoms improved over an 8-year period of follow-ups.The female patient,diagnosed at age 10,exhibited only biochemical alterations.Her treatment history was similar;however,she remained asymptomatic without disease progression over the same follow-up period.We discuss the potential influence of epigenetic mechanisms and modifier genes on the various phenotypes,emphasizing the need for research in these areas to optimize therapeutic strategies.CONCLUSION Our patients’medical histories show how early diagnosis and treatment can prevent disease progression;and,how suboptimal treatments impact disease outcomes.
基金funding from the Ongoing Research Funding program,ORF-2025-298,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.
基金Project(52174239)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021YFC2902400)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。
文摘The chemical composition of seawater affects the desulfurization of chalcopyrite in flotation.In this study,desulfurization experiments of chalcopyrite were conducted in both deionized(DI)water and seawater.The results showed that,the copper grade of the concentrate obtained from seawater flotation decreased to 24.30%,compared to 24.60%in DI water.Concurrently,the recovery of chalcopyrite decreased from 51.39%to 38.67%,while the selectivity index(SI)also had a reduction from 2.006 to 1.798.The incorporation of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),sodium silicate(SS),and sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP)yielded an enhancement in the SI value,elevating it from 1.798 to 1.897,2.250 and 2.153,separately.It is particularly noteworthy that an excess of EDTA resulted in a SI value of merely 1.831.The mechanism of action was elucidated through analysis of surface charge measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),extended Derjaguin-Landau Verwey-Overbeek(E-DLVO)theory,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.
基金the financial support from the project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation on the Young Scientist Laboratory within the framework of the Interregional Scientific and Educational Center of the South of Russia(No.FENW-2024-0001)the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University,Russia(Priority 2030)the Science and Engineering Research Board,Govt.of India for providing financial assistance(SERB/EEQ/2021/000735)。
文摘Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten survival of biotic components.To take the edge off,remediation of metal-contaminated sites by phytoremediators that exhibit a potential to withstand heavy metal stress and quench harmful metals is considered an eco-sustainable approach.Despite the enormous potential,phytoremediation technique suffers a setback owing to high metal concentrations,occurrence of multiple pollutants,low plant biomass,and soil physicochemical status that affect plants at cellular and molecular levels,inducing morphological,physiological,and genetic alterations.Nevertheless,augmentation of soil with microorganisms can alleviate the challenge.A positive nexus between microbes,particularly plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs),and phytoremediators can prevent phytotoxicity and augment phytoremediation by employing strategies such as production of secondary metabolites,solubilization of phosphate,and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase and phytohormones.Microbes can mediate tolerance in plants by fortifying their antioxidant machinery,which maintains redox homeostasis and alleviates metal-induced oxidative damage in the plants.Associated microbes can also activate stress-responsive genes in plants and abridge metal-induced toxic effects.An in-depth exploration of the mechanisms employed by plant-associated microbes to trigger tolerance in phytoremediators is crucial for improving their phytoremediation potential and real-world applications.The present article attempts to comprehensively review these mechanisms that eventually facilitate the development of improved/new technology for soil ecosystem restoration.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2340219)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.
基金financially supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai province(2023-ZJ-774)。
文摘Boron adsorbents with high adsorption capacities have long been a focus of research for a long time.This study used small molecular polyols with different hydroxyl groups as functional monomers and as end-capping agents,functional dendritic polyurethanes with nano structure were successfully prepared by one-pot method.The single molecule size and surface morphology were characterized by dynamic light scattering,transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the molecular size in the dry state was 11 to 18 nm.The prepared materials were used as the boron adsorbents,and the effects of pH,time,boron solution concentration and temperature on the adsorption were studied.The results showed that the capacity of adsorbed boron could reach 110-130 mg·g^(-1).Adsorption was a homogeneous monolayer adsorption controlled by chemisorption,and adsorption thermodynamics showed that was a spontaneous endothermic process.Adsorption behavior was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm.This study also showed that it was difficult for ortho/meta-hydroxyl groups to chelate with H_(3)BO_(3) and other polyborates,and the chelates mainly had good chelating properties with B(OH)_(4)^(-),and the chelates formed had large steric hindrance.At the same time,increasing the number of hydroxyl groups of functional monomers was beneficial to increase the adsorption capacity of materials.In addition,the cyclic adsorption/desorption experiments showed that DPUs have good cyclic stability.At the same time,the adsorption results of the original salt lake brine showed that other metal ions in the brine had little effect on the adsorption of boron,and the adsorption capacity was as high as52.93 mg·g^(-1),and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained by Adams-Bohart model to58.80 mg·g^(-1).The outstanding selectivity and adsorption capacity of these materials have broad potential application,and are expected to be used for the efficient adsorption and removal in boroncontaining water bodies.
基金the generous financial support provided by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024ZDZX0030)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2024-JB00-00010-GX)。
文摘During the crystallization of perovskite films,defects at Pb and I sites are generated,causing lattice mismatch and adversely affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we introduced aπ-conjugated molecule with a dual-ring structure,namely CCA(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid),as an additive to regulate the crystallization of perovskite films and passivate defects.As a bidentate Lewis base,CCA coordinates the bidentate carboxyl groups with free Pb^(2+)through the delocalized electrons of its conjugated ring.This coordination regulates lattice stress,repairs the 3D[PbI6]octahedra,stabilizes the perovskite framework,and guides the vertical orientation growth of grains.Simultaneously,the addition of CCA shifts the perovskite’s band structure towards p-type,achieving better energy-level alignment with the doped hole-transport layer(HTL)and suppressing non-radiative recombination.Consequently,the prepared CCA-doped single-junction devices exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.90%,with a high open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 1.195,a high fill factor(FF)of 84.60%,and low FF loss.The optimized films and devices show enhanced long-term stability,retaining 80.1%of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 560 h.Additionally,a PCE of 21.6%was achieved in devices with a bandgap of 1.68 eV,which were further extended to perovskite/silicon tandem devices,achieving high-performance devices with PCEs of 30.96%(aperture area:1.05 cm^(2))and 25.96%(aperture area:20.06 cm^(2)).
