Efficient utilization of electrostatic charges is paramount for numerous applications,from printing to kinetic energy harvesting.However,existing technologies predominantly focus on the static qualities of these charg...Efficient utilization of electrostatic charges is paramount for numerous applications,from printing to kinetic energy harvesting.However,existing technologies predominantly focus on the static qualities of these charges,neglecting their dynamic capabilities as carriers for energy conversion.Herein,we report a paradigm-shifting strategy that orchestrates the swift transit of surface charges,generated through contact electrification,via a freely moving droplet.This technique ingeniously creates a bespoke charged surface which,in tandem with a droplet acting as a transfer medium to the ground,facilitates targeted charge displacement and amplifies electrical energy collection.The spontaneously generated electric field between the charged surface and needle tip,along with the enhanced water ionization under the electric field,proves pivotal in facilitating controlled charge transfer.By coupling the effects of charge self-transfer,contact electrification,and electrostatic induction,a dual-electrode droplet-driven(DD)triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is designed to harvest the water-related energy,exhibiting a two-orderof-magnitude improvement in electrical output compared to traditional single-electrode systems.Our strategy establishes a fundamental groundwork for efficient water drop energy acquisition,offering deep insights and substantial utility for future interdisciplinary research and applications in energy science.展开更多
Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects t...Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects to build and reconstruct wastewater treatment plants. The utilization of sludge after it leaves the wastewater treatment plant is now a solely private-sector operation. There are new political priorities： increasing state involvement, buying out of major--formerly privatized--service providers, reintegration of isolated service providers, legally-imposed reduction of public utility charges. As a result, a demand has arisen for a greater central, i.e. government role in sludge utilization.展开更多
Electric vehicles(EVs)are gaining popularity across the globe.Various initiatives are being implemented to ensure that most of the operating vehicles on public roadways are EVs by 2050.Such initiatives include the con...Electric vehicles(EVs)are gaining popularity across the globe.Various initiatives are being implemented to ensure that most of the operating vehicles on public roadways are EVs by 2050.Such initiatives include the construction of charging stations to improve EV charging accessibility.The utilization of the charging stations has not been explored to a great extent,despite its importance in future installations in various cities.This study evaluated the EV station utilization across eleven cities in three countries:the United States,Canada,and Scotland.The Negative Binomial(NB)regression model was applied to understand the influence of the spatial–temporal factors on the daily utilization of EV charging stations.In addition to the overall analysis,countryspecific analyses were also performed.It was revealed that there is a great variation in daily EV utilization across the cities in different countries and within the country.In fact,only stations in Crieff,Scotland,showed lower predicted daily utilization,while cities in the United States had over two times predicted daily utilization compared to stations in Aberfeldy,Scotland.Furthermore,the longer the station has been in service,the higher the daily utilization,although there was significant variation across cities.Further,the day of the week and months of the year depicted consistent utilization patterns for Scotland and the United States but showed mixed findings for Canada.The study findings can help planners and policymakers improve the allocation of EV charging stations.展开更多
The current increase in the number of electric vehicles in Germany requires an adequately developed charging infrastructure.Large numbers of public and semi-public charging stations are necessary to ensure sufficient ...The current increase in the number of electric vehicles in Germany requires an adequately developed charging infrastructure.Large numbers of public and semi-public charging stations are necessary to ensure sufficient coverage of charging options.In order to make the installation worthwhile for the mostly private operators as well as public ones,a sufficient utilization is decisive.This paper gives an overview of the differences in the utilization across the public charging infrastructure in Germany.To this end,a dataset on the utilization of 21164 public and semi-public charging stations in Germany is evaluated.The installation and operating costs of various charging stations are modeled and economically evaluated in combination with the utilization data.It is shown that in 2019-2020,the average utilization in Germany was rather low,albeit with striking regional differences.We consider future scenarios allowing the regional development forecasting of economic viability.It is demonstrated that a growth in electric mobility of 20%-30%per year leads to a large number of economically feasible charging parks in urban agglomeration areas.展开更多
Recently, triboelectric generator(TEG) has attracted a lot of attention due to its high output voltage and low-cost fabrication process. Here, a novel cubic TEG box is designed, which has separated electrodes on diffe...Recently, triboelectric generator(TEG) has attracted a lot of attention due to its high output voltage and low-cost fabrication process. Here, a novel cubic TEG box is designed, which has separated electrodes on different surfaces. Thanks to the specially designed structure, it can scavenge vibration energy from all directions. Firstly the device is investigated through finite element method(FEM) simulation. Then the device is evaluated by experiments. The measuremental results show that this device can generate an amount of 25 n C charge during once shake by charging a 10 n F capacitor. Besides, an output voltage about 100 V is obtained, which is able to directly light up several light-emitting diodes(LEDs) simultaneously. At last, the device is utilized as a self-powered orientation sensor, which shows explicit directivity. This work extends the applications of TEG for ambient vibration energy harvesting techniques and the self-powered orientation sensor.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22C130001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171887,and 52002028,and 52192610)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project from Minister of Science&Technology(2021YFA0202704)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z171100002017017).
文摘Efficient utilization of electrostatic charges is paramount for numerous applications,from printing to kinetic energy harvesting.However,existing technologies predominantly focus on the static qualities of these charges,neglecting their dynamic capabilities as carriers for energy conversion.Herein,we report a paradigm-shifting strategy that orchestrates the swift transit of surface charges,generated through contact electrification,via a freely moving droplet.This technique ingeniously creates a bespoke charged surface which,in tandem with a droplet acting as a transfer medium to the ground,facilitates targeted charge displacement and amplifies electrical energy collection.The spontaneously generated electric field between the charged surface and needle tip,along with the enhanced water ionization under the electric field,proves pivotal in facilitating controlled charge transfer.By coupling the effects of charge self-transfer,contact electrification,and electrostatic induction,a dual-electrode droplet-driven(DD)triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is designed to harvest the water-related energy,exhibiting a two-orderof-magnitude improvement in electrical output compared to traditional single-electrode systems.Our strategy establishes a fundamental groundwork for efficient water drop energy acquisition,offering deep insights and substantial utility for future interdisciplinary research and applications in energy science.
文摘Hungary＇s accession to the European Union in 2004 marked the start of a new era. The completion of legal harmonization brought in new emission standards and thresholds, and this was followed by EU-assisted projects to build and reconstruct wastewater treatment plants. The utilization of sludge after it leaves the wastewater treatment plant is now a solely private-sector operation. There are new political priorities： increasing state involvement, buying out of major--formerly privatized--service providers, reintegration of isolated service providers, legally-imposed reduction of public utility charges. As a result, a demand has arisen for a greater central, i.e. government role in sludge utilization.
文摘Electric vehicles(EVs)are gaining popularity across the globe.Various initiatives are being implemented to ensure that most of the operating vehicles on public roadways are EVs by 2050.Such initiatives include the construction of charging stations to improve EV charging accessibility.The utilization of the charging stations has not been explored to a great extent,despite its importance in future installations in various cities.This study evaluated the EV station utilization across eleven cities in three countries:the United States,Canada,and Scotland.The Negative Binomial(NB)regression model was applied to understand the influence of the spatial–temporal factors on the daily utilization of EV charging stations.In addition to the overall analysis,countryspecific analyses were also performed.It was revealed that there is a great variation in daily EV utilization across the cities in different countries and within the country.In fact,only stations in Crieff,Scotland,showed lower predicted daily utilization,while cities in the United States had over two times predicted daily utilization compared to stations in Aberfeldy,Scotland.Furthermore,the longer the station has been in service,the higher the daily utilization,although there was significant variation across cities.Further,the day of the week and months of the year depicted consistent utilization patterns for Scotland and the United States but showed mixed findings for Canada.The study findings can help planners and policymakers improve the allocation of EV charging stations.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy(No.01MZ18006G).
文摘The current increase in the number of electric vehicles in Germany requires an adequately developed charging infrastructure.Large numbers of public and semi-public charging stations are necessary to ensure sufficient coverage of charging options.In order to make the installation worthwhile for the mostly private operators as well as public ones,a sufficient utilization is decisive.This paper gives an overview of the differences in the utilization across the public charging infrastructure in Germany.To this end,a dataset on the utilization of 21164 public and semi-public charging stations in Germany is evaluated.The installation and operating costs of various charging stations are modeled and economically evaluated in combination with the utilization data.It is shown that in 2019-2020,the average utilization in Germany was rather low,albeit with striking regional differences.We consider future scenarios allowing the regional development forecasting of economic viability.It is demonstrated that a growth in electric mobility of 20%-30%per year leads to a large number of economically feasible charging parks in urban agglomeration areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61176103,91323304)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Project)(Grant No.2013AA041102)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.4141002)
文摘Recently, triboelectric generator(TEG) has attracted a lot of attention due to its high output voltage and low-cost fabrication process. Here, a novel cubic TEG box is designed, which has separated electrodes on different surfaces. Thanks to the specially designed structure, it can scavenge vibration energy from all directions. Firstly the device is investigated through finite element method(FEM) simulation. Then the device is evaluated by experiments. The measuremental results show that this device can generate an amount of 25 n C charge during once shake by charging a 10 n F capacitor. Besides, an output voltage about 100 V is obtained, which is able to directly light up several light-emitting diodes(LEDs) simultaneously. At last, the device is utilized as a self-powered orientation sensor, which shows explicit directivity. This work extends the applications of TEG for ambient vibration energy harvesting techniques and the self-powered orientation sensor.
