Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of S...Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency spectrum.Because of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different frequencies.Using low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,China.Using the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak area.As a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the experiment.When electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe ring.The method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,China.It can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.展开更多
Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but ...Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but how to produce these observable doubly charged ions is a puzzling issue.Here we investigate CO_(2)^(++)production by electron-impact ionization with a supersonic molecular beam of CO_(2)under different nozzle pressures,using time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements and ab initio calculations.The mass spectral profile of CO_(2)^(++)varies slightly with the nozzle pressure,implying different mechanisms of the ion production.The calculations indicate that the ground state of CO_(2)^(++)is 3Aʺwith a nonlinear conformation,while the linear conformer is in the first excited state 1Δ_(g).We further suggest that,besides CO_(2)^(++)(1Δ_(g))produced from CO_(2),CO_(2)^(++)(3Aʺ)could be produced by the dissociation of doubly charged dimer(C2O4^(++))in a repulsive triplet state.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,primarily due to tumor metastasis.A recent study in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology identifies charged multivesicular body protein 7(...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,primarily due to tumor metastasis.A recent study in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology identifies charged multivesicular body protein 7(CHMP7)as a key prognostic factor in CRC.The study showed that CHMP7 expression is significantly lower in patients with CRC with metastasis and in highly metastatic cell lines,correlating with clinical factors like normal tissue,metastatic tumors,pathologic stage,and lymphatic invasion.Higher CHMP7 expression was linked to improved overall survival,highlighting its potential as a predictive biomarker.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis also suggests the role of CHMP7 in metastasisrelated pathways,paving the way for further mechanistic studies.This finding challenges current CRC management strategies and calls for larger,prospective studies to validate the role of CHMP7.As a potential target for novel diagnostics and therapies,CHMP7 could advance personalized medicine in CRC,bridging molecular insights with clinical outcomes to improve patient prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main reason leading to death in colorectal cancer(CRC)and about 25%of CRC patients developed metastasis when first diagnosed.Thus,unveiling biomarkers of CRC metastasis is of great signifi...BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main reason leading to death in colorectal cancer(CRC)and about 25%of CRC patients developed metastasis when first diagnosed.Thus,unveiling biomarkers of CRC metastasis is of great significance.AIM To reveal biomarkers of CRC metastasis.METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify metastatic biomarkers in CRC through a systematic analysis of the GSE29621 dataset.Comprehensive validation was performed subsequently using publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus and supplemented with experimental verification in CRC cell lines.Moreover,the identified hub gene charged multivesicular body protein 7(CHMP7)was further subjected to clinical correlation analysis via Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to assess its prognostic significance and potential mechanistic involvement in CRC progression.RESULTS CHMP7 was identified as a key metastatic biomarker of CRC which displayed lower expression in CRC tissues,especially in CRC patients with metastasis and CRC cell lines with high metastasis potential.The expression of CHMP7 was significantly correlated with normal,metastatic tumor,pathologic stage,and lymphatic invasion(P<0.05).CRC patients with higher expression of CHMP7 exhibited better overall survival.Besides,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results showed that CHMP7 might be involved in metastatic related pathways.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CHMP7 might be a prognostic biomarker correlated with CRC metastasis.展开更多
Ring polymers are ubiquitous in various fields including biomaterials,drug release and gene therapy.All of these applications involve the dynamics and diffusion process of ring polymers in a confined environment.By us...Ring polymers are ubiquitous in various fields including biomaterials,drug release and gene therapy.All of these applications involve the dynamics and diffusion process of ring polymers in a confined environment.By using dynamic light scattering(DLS),we discovered a dynamical transition for charged ring polymers with increasing ring concentration in the gel matrix from a diffusive state to a non-diffusive topological frustrated state with a more compact conformation.When the ring polymer size is smaller than the mesh size of the gel matrix,the rings are diffusive at low concentration of 5 g/L.The ring diffusion coefficient in the gel matrix is an order of magnitude smaller than that of rings in solution,obeying the Ogston's model.At high ring concentration of 40 g/L,the collective dynamical behavior of the charged rings exhibits a topologically frustrated non-diffusive state,which may originate from the inter-ring threading with the external confinement from the gel matrix.Based on our previous theoretical work,we also conjectured that in such a non-diffusive state,the ring polymers might adopt a more compact conformation with the overall size exponentν=1/3.展开更多
Nitrate synthesis is an important process for agriculture and industry,but suffers from energy-intensive steps including the synthesis and subsequent oxidation of ammonia.Herein,we present a selective N_(2)transformat...Nitrate synthesis is an important process for agriculture and industry,but suffers from energy-intensive steps including the synthesis and subsequent oxidation of ammonia.Herein,we present a selective N_(2)transformation to nitrate by guiding the charge neutralization of self-electrified water microdroplets in an artificial cloud generated with the portable ultrasonic atomizer.The electron and ion transfer in the charge neutralization of water microdroplets on metal micromesh enables an up to~40-fold increase in the reactivity of nitrate formation reaction driven by ultrasonic energy.A robust semi-continuous N_(2)oxidation by a Ni-mesh-screened cloud system was achieved,providing nitrate with~12 mM concentration every 20 h.These findings emphasize the potential of harnessing the microdroplet-mediated cloud electrochemistry of N_(2)in decentralizing the current mass production of fertilizer.展开更多
Electronic structure and optical properties of neutral and charged low band gap alternating copolyfluorenes （Green 1, which is based on alternating repeating units consisting of alkyl-substituted fluorene and a thiop...Electronic structure and optical properties of neutral and charged low band gap alternating copolyfluorenes （Green 1, which is based on alternating repeating units consisting of alkyl-substituted fluorene and a thiophene-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo-[3,4]quinoxaline-thiophene （T-TDQ-T） unit were investigated theoretically with time-dependent density functional theory （TD-DFT） method, and their excited state properties were further analyzed with 2D site and 3D cube representations. For neutral Green 1, the band gap, binding energy, exciton binding energy, and nuclear relaxation energy were obtained. The transition dipole moments of neutral and charged Green 1 are compared using 3D transition density, which reveals the orientation and strength of transition dipole moments. The charge redistribution of neutral and charged Green 1 upon excitation are displayed and compared with 3D charge difference density. The electron-hole coherences of neutral and charged Green 1 upon excitation are investigated with 2D site representation （transition density matrix）. The excited state properties of neutral Green 1 calculated with TD-DFT method are compared with that calculated with ZINDO method, which reveals the importance of electron-electron interaction （in TD-DFT） in the excited state properties.展开更多
Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experime...Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.展开更多
In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new-type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarl...In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new-type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarly charged and coagulated in the same alternating electric field simultaneously. The silica flour with 2 fun mass median diameter and the smoke from burning wood powder were used as test aerosol. The comparison experimental results have shown that when the mean electric field is 4 kV/cm the collection efficiency of the new electrostatic agglomerator was 98.2% for silica flour and 67.4% for wood powder smoke, Under the same experimental condition. the collection efficiency of the electrostatic agglomerator with three zones was 97.4% for collecting silica flour and the collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator was 56.3% for wood powder smoke.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of a charged impurity together with or without an external homogeneous electric field on a quantum ring threaded by a magnetic field B and containing two electrons. The potential caused b...This paper studies the effect of a charged impurity together with or without an external homogeneous electric field on a quantum ring threaded by a magnetic field B and containing two electrons. The potential caused by the impurity has been plotted which is helpful to the understanding of the electronic structures inside the ring. The deep valley appearing in the potential curve is the source of localization, which affects seriously the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation （ABO） of the energy and persistent current. It also causes the fluctuation of the total orbital angular momentum L of the pair of electrons. It is found that the appearance of the impurity reduces the domain of the fractional ABO. During the increase of B, the domain of the integral ABO may appear earlier when B is even quite small. The transition from the localized states to extended states has also been studied. Furthermore, it has deduced a set of related formulae for a transformation, by which an impurity with a charge ep placed at an arbitrary point Rp is equivalent to an impurity with a revised charge ep placed at the X-axis with a revised radial distance Rp. This transformation facilitates the calculation and make the analysis of the physical result clearer.展开更多
Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries ...Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries without generating waste is challenging.Here,we present a distinctive approach for recycling spent LiFePO_(4) batteries at room temperature,where water is the only leaching agent consumed.FePO_(4) and lithium intercalated graphite act as a precursor material for selectively extracting lithium,iron,and phosphorus through charging the LiFePO_(4) batteries to the delithiated state.NaOH solution extracted Fe from FePO_(4) within 30 min and regenerated without consumption,similar to a catalyst.Under the optimal leaching conditions(1 mol·L^(-1) NaOH,0.5 h,NaOH/Fe molar ratio of 4.5),Fe and P leaching efficiencies achieved 89.1%and 99.2%,respectively.The methodology reflected in this research reduced the material cost per kg cathode material to a fraction of previously published reports,only occupies 6.13%of previous reports.In addition,the method improved the battery recycling revenue calculated by the EverBatt model by 2.31 times and 1.94 times over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods.The proposed method allows for the convenient recovery of the elemental components of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries.展开更多
Objective The changes in serum adipokines and cytokines related to oxidative stress were examined during 3 months ‘Off to On’ and ‘On to Off’ periods using negatively charged particle-dominant indoor air condition...Objective The changes in serum adipokines and cytokines related to oxidative stress were examined during 3 months ‘Off to On’ and ‘On to Off’ periods using negatively charged particle-dominant indoor air conditions（NCPDIAC）.Methods Seven volunteers participated in the study,which included ‘OFF to 3 months ON’ periods（ON trials） for a total of 16 times,and ‘ON to 3 months OFF’（OFF trials） periods for a total of 13 times.Results With the exception of one case,serum amyloid A（SAA） levels decreased significantly during the ON trials.Conclusion Considering that SAA is an acute phase reactive protein such as C reactive protein（CRP）,this observed decrease might indicate the prevention of cardiovascular and atherosclerotic changes,since an increase in high-sensitive CRP is associated with the subsequent detection of these events.展开更多
Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the ...Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.展开更多
Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the...Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils.However,the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown.In this study,we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field.However,the yield stresses were reduced obviously.We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened.To verify this hypothesis,a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out,i.e.,by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field,including electrically-neutral colloidal particles(Fe3O4),charged colloidal particles(resins),and oil-soluble electrolyte(C22H14CoO4),respectively,and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field,charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles,and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface.The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network,and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles.This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization.展开更多
The maximum possibility of utilizing the Indian coking coals and inferior grade coking coal for producing metallurgical coke through non-recovery stamp charging tech_nology was investigated. Indian indigenous coals co...The maximum possibility of utilizing the Indian coking coals and inferior grade coking coal for producing metallurgical coke through non-recovery stamp charging tech_nology was investigated. Indian indigenous coals contained low percent of vitrinite （〈50%） and higher content of ash （〉15%） compared to imported coking coal. Therefore, the selection of appropriate proportion of different types of coals was a major challenge for coke makers. Coal blend selection criterion based on a single coefficient, named as composite coking potential （CCP）, was developed. The use of increased proportion of semi-soft coal （crucible swelling number of 2.5） and high ash （≥15%） indigenous coal in the range of 20%- 35% and 20%-65% respectively in the blends resulted in good quality of coke. Plant data of a non recovery coke oven were used for developing and validating the model. The results showed that the coke strength after reaction （CSR） varied in the range of 63.7%-67.7% and the M40 value was between 81.8 and 89.3 in both the cases.展开更多
A novel composite charged mosaic membrane(CCMM) was prepared via interfacial polymerization(IP) of polyamine[poly(epichlorohydrin amine) ]and trimesoyl chloride(TMC) on the polyethersulfone(PES) support. Fourier trans...A novel composite charged mosaic membrane(CCMM) was prepared via interfacial polymerization(IP) of polyamine[poly(epichlorohydrin amine) ]and trimesoyl chloride(TMC) on the polyethersulfone(PES) support. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM) ,atomic force microscopy(AFM) and water contact angle analysis were applied to characterize the resulted CCMM.The FT-IR spectrum indicates that TMC reacts sufficiently with polyamine.ESEM and AFM pictures show that the IP process produces a dense selective layer on the support membrane.The water contact angle of the CCMM is smaller than that of the substrate membrane because of the cross-linked hydrophilic polyamine network.Several factors affecting the IP reaction and the performance of the CCMM,such as monomer concentration,reaction time,pH value of aqueous phase solution and post-treatment,were studied.The pure water flux of the optimized CCMM is 14.73 L·m -2 ·h -1 ·MPa -1 at the operating pressure of 0.4 MPa.The values of separation factorαfor NaCl/PEG1000/water and MgCl2/PEG1000/water are 11.89 and 9.96,respectively.These results demonstrate that CCMM is promising for the separation of low-molecular-weight organics from their salt aqueous solutions.展开更多
Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zw...Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zwitterionic materials,nucleic acids,proteins,biomembranes and etc.,where the electrostatic interactions are of special significance.Several methods have been available for treating the electrostatic interactions in explicit and implicit solvent models.Accurate and efficient treatment of such interactions has therefore always been one of the most challenging issues in classical molecular dynamics simulations due to their inhomogeneity and long-range characteristics.Currently,two major challenges remain in the application field of electrostatic interactions in molecular simulations;(i)improving the representation of electrostatic interactions while reducing the computational costs in molecular simulations;(ii)revealing the role of electrostatic interactions in regulating the specific properties of complex fluids.In this review,the calculation methods of electrostatic interactions,including basic principles,applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared.Subsequently,the specific role of electrostatic interactions in governing the properties and behaviors of different complex fluids is emphasized and explained.Finally,challenges and perspective on the computational study of charged systems are given.展开更多
Efficient calculation of the electrostatic interactions including repulsive force between charged molecules in a biomolecule system or charged particles in a colloidal system is necessary for the molecular scale or pa...Efficient calculation of the electrostatic interactions including repulsive force between charged molecules in a biomolecule system or charged particles in a colloidal system is necessary for the molecular scale or particle scale mechanical analyses of these systems. The electrostatic repulsive force depends on the mid-plane potential between two charged particles. Previous analytical solutions of the mid-plane potential, including those based on simplified assumptions and modern mathematic methods, are reviewed. It is shown that none of these solutions applies to wide ranges of interparticle distance from 0 to 10 and surface potential from 1 to 10. Three previous analytical solutions are chosen to develop a semi-analytical solution which is proven to have more extensive applications. Furthermore, an empirical closed-form expression of mid-plane potential is proposed based on plenty of numerical solutions. This empirical solution has extensive applications, as well as high computational efficiency.展开更多
The glycoprotein （GP） of Ebola is the sole structural protein that forms the spikes on the viral envelope. The GP contains two subunits, GPI and GP2, linked by a disulfide bond, which are responsible for receptor bi...The glycoprotein （GP） of Ebola is the sole structural protein that forms the spikes on the viral envelope. The GP contains two subunits, GPI and GP2, linked by a disulfide bond, which are responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion, respectively. In this study, the full length of GP gene of Ebola Zaire species, 2028 base pairs in length, was synthesized using 38 overlapping oligonucleotides by multiple rounds of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The synthesized GP gene was shown to be efficiently expressed in mammalian cells. Furthermore, an efficient HIV-based pseudotyping system was developed using the synthetic GP gene, providing a safe approach to dissecting the entry mechanism of Ebola viruses. Using this pseudotyping system and mutational analysis, the role of the charged residues in the GP2 helical regions was examined. It was found that substitutions of the most charged residues in the regions did not adversely affect GP expression, processing, or viral incorporation, however, most of the mutations greatly impaired the ability of GP to mediate efficient viral infection. These results demonstrate that these charged residues of GP2 play an important role in GP-mediated Ebola entry into its host cells. We propose that these charged residues are involved in forming the intermediate conformation（s） of GP in membrane fusion and Ebola entry.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFA1606401 and 2018YFA0404401)the Young Scholar of Regional Development,CAS ([2023] 15)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences Stable Support for Young Teams in Basic Research (No. YSBR-002)Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB34000000)
文摘Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency spectrum.Because of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different frequencies.Using low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,China.Using the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak area.As a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the experiment.When electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe ring.The method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,China.It can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450202)。
文摘Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but how to produce these observable doubly charged ions is a puzzling issue.Here we investigate CO_(2)^(++)production by electron-impact ionization with a supersonic molecular beam of CO_(2)under different nozzle pressures,using time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements and ab initio calculations.The mass spectral profile of CO_(2)^(++)varies slightly with the nozzle pressure,implying different mechanisms of the ion production.The calculations indicate that the ground state of CO_(2)^(++)is 3Aʺwith a nonlinear conformation,while the linear conformer is in the first excited state 1Δ_(g).We further suggest that,besides CO_(2)^(++)(1Δ_(g))produced from CO_(2),CO_(2)^(++)(3Aʺ)could be produced by the dissociation of doubly charged dimer(C2O4^(++))in a repulsive triplet state.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,primarily due to tumor metastasis.A recent study in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology identifies charged multivesicular body protein 7(CHMP7)as a key prognostic factor in CRC.The study showed that CHMP7 expression is significantly lower in patients with CRC with metastasis and in highly metastatic cell lines,correlating with clinical factors like normal tissue,metastatic tumors,pathologic stage,and lymphatic invasion.Higher CHMP7 expression was linked to improved overall survival,highlighting its potential as a predictive biomarker.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis also suggests the role of CHMP7 in metastasisrelated pathways,paving the way for further mechanistic studies.This finding challenges current CRC management strategies and calls for larger,prospective studies to validate the role of CHMP7.As a potential target for novel diagnostics and therapies,CHMP7 could advance personalized medicine in CRC,bridging molecular insights with clinical outcomes to improve patient prognosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260715the Middle-Aged and Young Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Guangxi Basic Ability Promotion Project,No.2024KY0302+2 种基金Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues,No.CICAR2016-P6the Grant of Research Project on High-Level Talents of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities,No.YY2021SK002Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province,No.202300011.
文摘BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main reason leading to death in colorectal cancer(CRC)and about 25%of CRC patients developed metastasis when first diagnosed.Thus,unveiling biomarkers of CRC metastasis is of great significance.AIM To reveal biomarkers of CRC metastasis.METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify metastatic biomarkers in CRC through a systematic analysis of the GSE29621 dataset.Comprehensive validation was performed subsequently using publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus and supplemented with experimental verification in CRC cell lines.Moreover,the identified hub gene charged multivesicular body protein 7(CHMP7)was further subjected to clinical correlation analysis via Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to assess its prognostic significance and potential mechanistic involvement in CRC progression.RESULTS CHMP7 was identified as a key metastatic biomarker of CRC which displayed lower expression in CRC tissues,especially in CRC patients with metastasis and CRC cell lines with high metastasis potential.The expression of CHMP7 was significantly correlated with normal,metastatic tumor,pathologic stage,and lymphatic invasion(P<0.05).CRC patients with higher expression of CHMP7 exhibited better overall survival.Besides,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results showed that CHMP7 might be involved in metastatic related pathways.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CHMP7 might be a prognostic biomarker correlated with CRC metastasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273114)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0770101)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0124500),the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2411203)International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.027GJHZ2022061FN)。
文摘Ring polymers are ubiquitous in various fields including biomaterials,drug release and gene therapy.All of these applications involve the dynamics and diffusion process of ring polymers in a confined environment.By using dynamic light scattering(DLS),we discovered a dynamical transition for charged ring polymers with increasing ring concentration in the gel matrix from a diffusive state to a non-diffusive topological frustrated state with a more compact conformation.When the ring polymer size is smaller than the mesh size of the gel matrix,the rings are diffusive at low concentration of 5 g/L.The ring diffusion coefficient in the gel matrix is an order of magnitude smaller than that of rings in solution,obeying the Ogston's model.At high ring concentration of 40 g/L,the collective dynamical behavior of the charged rings exhibits a topologically frustrated non-diffusive state,which may originate from the inter-ring threading with the external confinement from the gel matrix.Based on our previous theoretical work,we also conjectured that in such a non-diffusive state,the ring polymers might adopt a more compact conformation with the overall size exponentν=1/3.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1504603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22025206,22172163)+1 种基金the Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents(2022RG13)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720220008)。
文摘Nitrate synthesis is an important process for agriculture and industry,but suffers from energy-intensive steps including the synthesis and subsequent oxidation of ammonia.Herein,we present a selective N_(2)transformation to nitrate by guiding the charge neutralization of self-electrified water microdroplets in an artificial cloud generated with the portable ultrasonic atomizer.The electron and ion transfer in the charge neutralization of water microdroplets on metal micromesh enables an up to~40-fold increase in the reactivity of nitrate formation reaction driven by ultrasonic energy.A robust semi-continuous N_(2)oxidation by a Ni-mesh-screened cloud system was achieved,providing nitrate with~12 mM concentration every 20 h.These findings emphasize the potential of harnessing the microdroplet-mediated cloud electrochemistry of N_(2)in decentralizing the current mass production of fertilizer.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10505001, No.10875055, No.10874234, and No.10703064） and the Educational Department of Liaoning Province （No.2008228）.
文摘Electronic structure and optical properties of neutral and charged low band gap alternating copolyfluorenes （Green 1, which is based on alternating repeating units consisting of alkyl-substituted fluorene and a thiophene-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo-[3,4]quinoxaline-thiophene （T-TDQ-T） unit were investigated theoretically with time-dependent density functional theory （TD-DFT） method, and their excited state properties were further analyzed with 2D site and 3D cube representations. For neutral Green 1, the band gap, binding energy, exciton binding energy, and nuclear relaxation energy were obtained. The transition dipole moments of neutral and charged Green 1 are compared using 3D transition density, which reveals the orientation and strength of transition dipole moments. The charge redistribution of neutral and charged Green 1 upon excitation are displayed and compared with 3D charge difference density. The electron-hole coherences of neutral and charged Green 1 upon excitation are investigated with 2D site representation （transition density matrix）. The excited state properties of neutral Green 1 calculated with TD-DFT method are compared with that calculated with ZINDO method, which reveals the importance of electron-electron interaction （in TD-DFT） in the excited state properties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40271062).
文摘Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.
文摘In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new-type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarly charged and coagulated in the same alternating electric field simultaneously. The silica flour with 2 fun mass median diameter and the smoke from burning wood powder were used as test aerosol. The comparison experimental results have shown that when the mean electric field is 4 kV/cm the collection efficiency of the new electrostatic agglomerator was 98.2% for silica flour and 67.4% for wood powder smoke, Under the same experimental condition. the collection efficiency of the electrostatic agglomerator with three zones was 97.4% for collecting silica flour and the collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator was 56.3% for wood powder smoke.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （Grant No T0650010）.
文摘This paper studies the effect of a charged impurity together with or without an external homogeneous electric field on a quantum ring threaded by a magnetic field B and containing two electrons. The potential caused by the impurity has been plotted which is helpful to the understanding of the electronic structures inside the ring. The deep valley appearing in the potential curve is the source of localization, which affects seriously the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation （ABO） of the energy and persistent current. It also causes the fluctuation of the total orbital angular momentum L of the pair of electrons. It is found that the appearance of the impurity reduces the domain of the fractional ABO. During the increase of B, the domain of the integral ABO may appear earlier when B is even quite small. The transition from the localized states to extended states has also been studied. Furthermore, it has deduced a set of related formulae for a transformation, by which an impurity with a charge ep placed at an arbitrary point Rp is equivalent to an impurity with a revised charge ep placed at the X-axis with a revised radial distance Rp. This transformation facilitates the calculation and make the analysis of the physical result clearer.
基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B090919003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872157)+2 种基金Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Nos.JCYJ20170412170911187 and JCYJ20170817161753629)Guangdong Technical Plan Project(No.2017B090907005)the Key Project of Core Technology Tackling of Guangdong City of Dongguan(No.2019622119003)。
文摘Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution.However,recovering individual elements from the spent batteries without generating waste is challenging.Here,we present a distinctive approach for recycling spent LiFePO_(4) batteries at room temperature,where water is the only leaching agent consumed.FePO_(4) and lithium intercalated graphite act as a precursor material for selectively extracting lithium,iron,and phosphorus through charging the LiFePO_(4) batteries to the delithiated state.NaOH solution extracted Fe from FePO_(4) within 30 min and regenerated without consumption,similar to a catalyst.Under the optimal leaching conditions(1 mol·L^(-1) NaOH,0.5 h,NaOH/Fe molar ratio of 4.5),Fe and P leaching efficiencies achieved 89.1%and 99.2%,respectively.The methodology reflected in this research reduced the material cost per kg cathode material to a fraction of previously published reports,only occupies 6.13%of previous reports.In addition,the method improved the battery recycling revenue calculated by the EverBatt model by 2.31 times and 1.94 times over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods.The proposed method allows for the convenient recovery of the elemental components of spent LiFePO_(4) batteries.
基金supported by a Kawasaki Medical School Research Grant(28B051)
文摘Objective The changes in serum adipokines and cytokines related to oxidative stress were examined during 3 months ‘Off to On’ and ‘On to Off’ periods using negatively charged particle-dominant indoor air conditions（NCPDIAC）.Methods Seven volunteers participated in the study,which included ‘OFF to 3 months ON’ periods（ON trials） for a total of 16 times,and ‘ON to 3 months OFF’（OFF trials） periods for a total of 13 times.Results With the exception of one case,serum amyloid A（SAA） levels decreased significantly during the ON trials.Conclusion Considering that SAA is an acute phase reactive protein such as C reactive protein（CRP）,this observed decrease might indicate the prevention of cardiovascular and atherosclerotic changes,since an increase in high-sensitive CRP is associated with the subsequent detection of these events.
文摘Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174066,No.51534007).
文摘Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils.However,the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown.In this study,we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field.However,the yield stresses were reduced obviously.We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened.To verify this hypothesis,a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out,i.e.,by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field,including electrically-neutral colloidal particles(Fe3O4),charged colloidal particles(resins),and oil-soluble electrolyte(C22H14CoO4),respectively,and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field,charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles,and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface.The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network,and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles.This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization.
文摘The maximum possibility of utilizing the Indian coking coals and inferior grade coking coal for producing metallurgical coke through non-recovery stamp charging tech_nology was investigated. Indian indigenous coals contained low percent of vitrinite （〈50%） and higher content of ash （〉15%） compared to imported coking coal. Therefore, the selection of appropriate proportion of different types of coals was a major challenge for coke makers. Coal blend selection criterion based on a single coefficient, named as composite coking potential （CCP）, was developed. The use of increased proportion of semi-soft coal （crucible swelling number of 2.5） and high ash （≥15%） indigenous coal in the range of 20%- 35% and 20%-65% respectively in the blends resulted in good quality of coke. Plant data of a non recovery coke oven were used for developing and validating the model. The results showed that the coke strength after reaction （CSR） varied in the range of 63.7%-67.7% and the M40 value was between 81.8 and 89.3 in both the cases.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China（2008AA06Z330） the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20676125） the Technician Service Enterprise Action Program（2009GJD00048）
文摘A novel composite charged mosaic membrane(CCMM) was prepared via interfacial polymerization(IP) of polyamine[poly(epichlorohydrin amine) ]and trimesoyl chloride(TMC) on the polyethersulfone(PES) support. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM) ,atomic force microscopy(AFM) and water contact angle analysis were applied to characterize the resulted CCMM.The FT-IR spectrum indicates that TMC reacts sufficiently with polyamine.ESEM and AFM pictures show that the IP process produces a dense selective layer on the support membrane.The water contact angle of the CCMM is smaller than that of the substrate membrane because of the cross-linked hydrophilic polyamine network.Several factors affecting the IP reaction and the performance of the CCMM,such as monomer concentration,reaction time,pH value of aqueous phase solution and post-treatment,were studied.The pure water flux of the optimized CCMM is 14.73 L·m -2 ·h -1 ·MPa -1 at the operating pressure of 0.4 MPa.The values of separation factorαfor NaCl/PEG1000/water and MgCl2/PEG1000/water are 11.89 and 9.96,respectively.These results demonstrate that CCMM is promising for the separation of low-molecular-weight organics from their salt aqueous solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776093,21376089,41976203,21506178,21908066)。
文摘Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zwitterionic materials,nucleic acids,proteins,biomembranes and etc.,where the electrostatic interactions are of special significance.Several methods have been available for treating the electrostatic interactions in explicit and implicit solvent models.Accurate and efficient treatment of such interactions has therefore always been one of the most challenging issues in classical molecular dynamics simulations due to their inhomogeneity and long-range characteristics.Currently,two major challenges remain in the application field of electrostatic interactions in molecular simulations;(i)improving the representation of electrostatic interactions while reducing the computational costs in molecular simulations;(ii)revealing the role of electrostatic interactions in regulating the specific properties of complex fluids.In this review,the calculation methods of electrostatic interactions,including basic principles,applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared.Subsequently,the specific role of electrostatic interactions in governing the properties and behaviors of different complex fluids is emphasized and explained.Finally,challenges and perspective on the computational study of charged systems are given.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB026103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51009136)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK2011212)
文摘Efficient calculation of the electrostatic interactions including repulsive force between charged molecules in a biomolecule system or charged particles in a colloidal system is necessary for the molecular scale or particle scale mechanical analyses of these systems. The electrostatic repulsive force depends on the mid-plane potential between two charged particles. Previous analytical solutions of the mid-plane potential, including those based on simplified assumptions and modern mathematic methods, are reviewed. It is shown that none of these solutions applies to wide ranges of interparticle distance from 0 to 10 and surface potential from 1 to 10. Three previous analytical solutions are chosen to develop a semi-analytical solution which is proven to have more extensive applications. Furthermore, an empirical closed-form expression of mid-plane potential is proposed based on plenty of numerical solutions. This empirical solution has extensive applications, as well as high computational efficiency.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health grants CA 092459 and AI48056. L. R. was a recipient of the Schweppe Foundation Career Development Award.
文摘The glycoprotein （GP） of Ebola is the sole structural protein that forms the spikes on the viral envelope. The GP contains two subunits, GPI and GP2, linked by a disulfide bond, which are responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion, respectively. In this study, the full length of GP gene of Ebola Zaire species, 2028 base pairs in length, was synthesized using 38 overlapping oligonucleotides by multiple rounds of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The synthesized GP gene was shown to be efficiently expressed in mammalian cells. Furthermore, an efficient HIV-based pseudotyping system was developed using the synthetic GP gene, providing a safe approach to dissecting the entry mechanism of Ebola viruses. Using this pseudotyping system and mutational analysis, the role of the charged residues in the GP2 helical regions was examined. It was found that substitutions of the most charged residues in the regions did not adversely affect GP expression, processing, or viral incorporation, however, most of the mutations greatly impaired the ability of GP to mediate efficient viral infection. These results demonstrate that these charged residues of GP2 play an important role in GP-mediated Ebola entry into its host cells. We propose that these charged residues are involved in forming the intermediate conformation（s） of GP in membrane fusion and Ebola entry.
