As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte sol...As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte solutions,the interaction forces between two mica surfaces immersed in different volume fractions of LaCl3/KCl and LaCl3/MgCl2 mixture solutions with a total ionic strength of 10^-4 mol/L were measured using a surface forces apparatus(SFA).The results reveal that the surface charge of mica surfaces can be inversed at a critical concentration of La^3+ions in electrolyte solutions,due to the correlations between La^3+ions.The addition of monovalent has negligible effects on ion-ion correlations,while the charge inversion was slightly suppressed by introducing the divalent ions.The mechanism of charge inversion in mixture electrolyte solutions was analyzed based on the strongly correlated liquid(SCL)theory.These findings provide implications for understanding the effects of ion-ion correlations on EDL structures,surface charge properties,and ion transportation.展开更多
DNA is one of most important biological polyelectrolytes, which is negatively charged in physiological condition. Most of Its charge is neutralized by attracting cations in solution. In some conditions, the effective ...DNA is one of most important biological polyelectrolytes, which is negatively charged in physiological condition. Most of Its charge is neutralized by attracting cations in solution. In some conditions, the effective charge of DNA switches its sign from negative to positive, implying charge inversion of DNA. The underlying microscopic mechanism of the counterintuitive phenomenon is still not fully understood although specific chemical affinity and electrostatic ion correlation are considered as two possible driving forces. In this review, we present some recent experimental progress in the modulation and control of DNA charge by single molecular techniques. It has been shown that DNA charge inversion can be modulated bidirectionly by decreasing or increasing the dielectric constant of solution to make the electrophoretic mobility of DNA increase from a negative value to a positive value. In this meanwhile, charge inversion and condensation of DNA in solution of trivalent and quadrivalent counterions are significantly influenced by pH value of the solution. When mixing quadrivalent counterion with mono-, di-and tri-valent counterions in solution, suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion can be observed. In addition, hydrophobic effect can play an important role in DNA charge inversiton and compaction. We show that the organic monovalent ions of tetraphenyl chloride arsenic （Ph4As＋） can induce DNA compaction and even invert its electrophoretic mobility. Thus, hydrophobic effect can be the main driving force of DNA charge inversion and compaction by the organic monovalent ion.展开更多
This article proposes the hybrid method to inverse the equivalent electric charge of thunder cloud based on the data of multi-station atmospheric electric field. Firstly,the method combines the genetic algorithm( GA) ...This article proposes the hybrid method to inverse the equivalent electric charge of thunder cloud based on the data of multi-station atmospheric electric field. Firstly,the method combines the genetic algorithm( GA) and New ton method through the mosaic hybrid structure. In addition,the thunder cloud equivalent charge is inversed based on the forw ard modeling results by giving the parameters of the thunder cloud charge structure. Then an ideal model is built to examine the performance compared to the nonlinear least squares method. Finally,a typical thunderstorms process in Nanjing is analyzed by Genetic-New ton algorithm with the help of weather radar. The results show the proposed method has the strong global searching capability so that the problem of initial value selection can be solved effectively,as well as gets the better inversion results. Furthermore,the mosaic hybrid structure can absorb the advantages of tw o algorithms better,and the inversion position is consistent with the strongest radar echo.The inversion results find the upper negative charge is small and can be ignored,w hich means the triple-polarity charge structure is relatively scientific,w hich could give some references to the research like lightning forecasting,location tracking.展开更多
An analytical model for surrounding gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors （MOS- FETs） considering quantum effects is presented. To achieve this goal, we have used a variational approach for solving...An analytical model for surrounding gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors （MOS- FETs） considering quantum effects is presented. To achieve this goal, we have used a variational approach for solving the Poisson and Schrodinger equations. This model is developed to provide an analytical expression for the inversion charge distribution function for all regions of the device operation. This expression is used to calculate the other important parameters like the inversion charge centroid, threshold voltage and inversion charge density. The calculated expressions for the above parameters are simple and accurate. The validity of this model was checked for the devices with different device dimensions and bias voltages. The calculated results are compared with the simulation results and they show good agreement.展开更多
Breast cancer(BC)is a common malignant tumor in women,which seriously affects the health of patients.In this paper,a plasma nano-composite injectable hydrogel CCT@CAD was developed to realize multi-therapy synergistic...Breast cancer(BC)is a common malignant tumor in women,which seriously affects the health of patients.In this paper,a plasma nano-composite injectable hydrogel CCT@CAD was developed to realize multi-therapy synergistic anti-cancer.In the acidic tumor microenvironment,CCT@CAD released Au-modified cerium dioxide loaded with cisplatin(CAD),and the surface charge of CAD changed from negative to positive based on the pH-responsive charge inversion characteristic,which significantly improved the internalization efficiency and permeability of tumor cells to CAD.The introduction of Au nanoparticles endowed CAD with localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effects.This effect enhanced electron transfer to activate the Ce active site on the surface of cerium dioxide,thus enhancing the activity of nanozyme,which enabled CAD to rapidly produce O2 and consume glutathione in tumor cells.Meanwhile,Au nanoparticles endowed CAD with excellent photothermal conversion ability,and local hyperthermia could be realized under near infrared laser irradiation.Animal experimental results showed that the tumor inhibition rate was nearly 100%after 14-day treatment of CCT@CAD.The combination of chemotherapy,photothermal therapy and nanozyme therapy proposed in this study provides a new idea for the treatment of BC.展开更多
Quantum effects are predominant in tri-gate MOSFETs, so a model should be developed. For the first time, this paper presents the analytical model for quantization effects of thin film silicon tri-gate MOSFETs by using...Quantum effects are predominant in tri-gate MOSFETs, so a model should be developed. For the first time, this paper presents the analytical model for quantization effects of thin film silicon tri-gate MOSFETs by using variational approach. An analytical expression of the inversion charge distribution function（ICDF） or wave function for the tri-gate MOSFETs has been obtained. This obtained ICDF is used to calculate the important device parameters, such as the inversion charge centroid and inversion charge density. The results are validated against with the simulation data.展开更多
During the development of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,the appearance of ripples has been widely observed.However,the formation mechanisms and their influences are still rarely investigated,especially their ...During the development of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,the appearance of ripples has been widely observed.However,the formation mechanisms and their influences are still rarely investigated,especially their contributions to the electronic structures and optical properties.To compensate for the knowledge gap,we have carried out comprehensive theoretical studies on the monolayer WSe_(2) with a series of ripple structures from 0 to 12Åin different lattice sizes.The sensitivity of the formation energy,band structures,electronic structures,and optical properties to the ripple structures have been performed systematically for the first time.The formation of ripples in Armchair and zigzag simultaneously are more energetically favorable,leading to more flexible optimizations of the optoelectronic properties.The improved charge-locking effect and extension of absorption ranges indicate the significant role of ripple structures.The spontaneous formation of ripples is associated with orbital rearrangements and structural distortions.This leads to the unique charge carrier correlate inversion between W-5d and Se-4p orbitals,resulting in the pinning of the Fermi level.This work has supplied significant references to understand ultrathin 2D structures and benefit their future developments and applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51605090)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160776,BK20160670)Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.YKJ201502)。
文摘As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte solutions,the interaction forces between two mica surfaces immersed in different volume fractions of LaCl3/KCl and LaCl3/MgCl2 mixture solutions with a total ionic strength of 10^-4 mol/L were measured using a surface forces apparatus(SFA).The results reveal that the surface charge of mica surfaces can be inversed at a critical concentration of La^3+ions in electrolyte solutions,due to the correlations between La^3+ions.The addition of monovalent has negligible effects on ion-ion correlations,while the charge inversion was slightly suppressed by introducing the divalent ions.The mechanism of charge inversion in mixture electrolyte solutions was analyzed based on the strongly correlated liquid(SCL)theory.These findings provide implications for understanding the effects of ion-ion correlations on EDL structures,surface charge properties,and ion transportation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274245,10974146,and 11304232)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provice,China(Grant No.LY17A040006)the Wenzhou Science and Technology Project,China(Grant No.S20160011)
文摘DNA is one of most important biological polyelectrolytes, which is negatively charged in physiological condition. Most of Its charge is neutralized by attracting cations in solution. In some conditions, the effective charge of DNA switches its sign from negative to positive, implying charge inversion of DNA. The underlying microscopic mechanism of the counterintuitive phenomenon is still not fully understood although specific chemical affinity and electrostatic ion correlation are considered as two possible driving forces. In this review, we present some recent experimental progress in the modulation and control of DNA charge by single molecular techniques. It has been shown that DNA charge inversion can be modulated bidirectionly by decreasing or increasing the dielectric constant of solution to make the electrophoretic mobility of DNA increase from a negative value to a positive value. In this meanwhile, charge inversion and condensation of DNA in solution of trivalent and quadrivalent counterions are significantly influenced by pH value of the solution. When mixing quadrivalent counterion with mono-, di-and tri-valent counterions in solution, suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion can be observed. In addition, hydrophobic effect can play an important role in DNA charge inversiton and compaction. We show that the organic monovalent ions of tetraphenyl chloride arsenic （Ph4As＋） can induce DNA compaction and even invert its electrophoretic mobility. Thus, hydrophobic effect can be the main driving force of DNA charge inversion and compaction by the organic monovalent ion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 61072133 )the Production,Learning and Research Joint Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China ( Grant Nos. BY2013007-02, SBY201120033)+2 种基金the Major Project Plan for Natural science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province, China( Grant No. 15KJA460008)the Open Topic of Atmospheric Sounding Key Open Laboratory of China Meteorological Administration ( Grant No. KLAS201407)the advantage discipline platform " Information and Communication Engineering" of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘This article proposes the hybrid method to inverse the equivalent electric charge of thunder cloud based on the data of multi-station atmospheric electric field. Firstly,the method combines the genetic algorithm( GA) and New ton method through the mosaic hybrid structure. In addition,the thunder cloud equivalent charge is inversed based on the forw ard modeling results by giving the parameters of the thunder cloud charge structure. Then an ideal model is built to examine the performance compared to the nonlinear least squares method. Finally,a typical thunderstorms process in Nanjing is analyzed by Genetic-New ton algorithm with the help of weather radar. The results show the proposed method has the strong global searching capability so that the problem of initial value selection can be solved effectively,as well as gets the better inversion results. Furthermore,the mosaic hybrid structure can absorb the advantages of tw o algorithms better,and the inversion position is consistent with the strongest radar echo.The inversion results find the upper negative charge is small and can be ignored,w hich means the triple-polarity charge structure is relatively scientific,w hich could give some references to the research like lightning forecasting,location tracking.
基金the financial support by WOS-A Scheme,Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi, Government of India through the grant SR/WOS-A/ET41/2011
文摘An analytical model for surrounding gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors （MOS- FETs） considering quantum effects is presented. To achieve this goal, we have used a variational approach for solving the Poisson and Schrodinger equations. This model is developed to provide an analytical expression for the inversion charge distribution function for all regions of the device operation. This expression is used to calculate the other important parameters like the inversion charge centroid, threshold voltage and inversion charge density. The calculated expressions for the above parameters are simple and accurate. The validity of this model was checked for the devices with different device dimensions and bias voltages. The calculated results are compared with the simulation results and they show good agreement.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2106100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078265).
文摘Breast cancer(BC)is a common malignant tumor in women,which seriously affects the health of patients.In this paper,a plasma nano-composite injectable hydrogel CCT@CAD was developed to realize multi-therapy synergistic anti-cancer.In the acidic tumor microenvironment,CCT@CAD released Au-modified cerium dioxide loaded with cisplatin(CAD),and the surface charge of CAD changed from negative to positive based on the pH-responsive charge inversion characteristic,which significantly improved the internalization efficiency and permeability of tumor cells to CAD.The introduction of Au nanoparticles endowed CAD with localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effects.This effect enhanced electron transfer to activate the Ce active site on the surface of cerium dioxide,thus enhancing the activity of nanozyme,which enabled CAD to rapidly produce O2 and consume glutathione in tumor cells.Meanwhile,Au nanoparticles endowed CAD with excellent photothermal conversion ability,and local hyperthermia could be realized under near infrared laser irradiation.Animal experimental results showed that the tumor inhibition rate was nearly 100%after 14-day treatment of CCT@CAD.The combination of chemotherapy,photothermal therapy and nanozyme therapy proposed in this study provides a new idea for the treatment of BC.
基金The authors are gratefu l for the financial support by W OS—A Scheme,Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,Govern ment of India through the grant SRJWOS-A/ET-41/2011.
文摘Quantum effects are predominant in tri-gate MOSFETs, so a model should be developed. For the first time, this paper presents the analytical model for quantization effects of thin film silicon tri-gate MOSFETs by using variational approach. An analytical expression of the inversion charge distribution function（ICDF） or wave function for the tri-gate MOSFETs has been obtained. This obtained ICDF is used to calculate the important device parameters, such as the inversion charge centroid and inversion charge density. The results are validated against with the simulation data.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grant Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme(No.N_PolyU502/21)+3 种基金the funding for Projects of Strategic Importance of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project Code:1-ZE2V)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Scheme-General Program(No.JCYJ20220531090807017)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012219)the Departmental General Research Fund(Project Code:ZVUL)from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘During the development of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,the appearance of ripples has been widely observed.However,the formation mechanisms and their influences are still rarely investigated,especially their contributions to the electronic structures and optical properties.To compensate for the knowledge gap,we have carried out comprehensive theoretical studies on the monolayer WSe_(2) with a series of ripple structures from 0 to 12Åin different lattice sizes.The sensitivity of the formation energy,band structures,electronic structures,and optical properties to the ripple structures have been performed systematically for the first time.The formation of ripples in Armchair and zigzag simultaneously are more energetically favorable,leading to more flexible optimizations of the optoelectronic properties.The improved charge-locking effect and extension of absorption ranges indicate the significant role of ripple structures.The spontaneous formation of ripples is associated with orbital rearrangements and structural distortions.This leads to the unique charge carrier correlate inversion between W-5d and Se-4p orbitals,resulting in the pinning of the Fermi level.This work has supplied significant references to understand ultrathin 2D structures and benefit their future developments and applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
