In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented...In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented product FGPA-G 2-H on Aβ25-35-induced PC 12 cells were explored.The structure of GPA-G 2-H was determined by means of zeta potential analysis,FTIR,HPLC,XRD,GC-MS and NMR.The backbone of GPA-G 2-H was mainly composed of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→with branches substituted at O-3.Notably,GPA-G 2-H was degraded by intestinal microbiota in vitro with total sugar content and pH value decreasing,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increasing.Moreover,GPA-G 2-H significantly promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae and Weissella,thereby making positive alterations in intestinal microbiota composition.Additionally,FGPA-G 2-H activated the Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhanced HO-1,NQO 1,SOD and GSH-Px,while inhabited Keap 1,MDA and LDH,which alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.These provide a solid theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng polysaccharides as functional food and antioxidant drugs.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial pheno...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial phenomena such as zinc dendrite growth,parasitic side reactions,and the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase.These processes are inherently dynamic and span multiple spatial and temporal scales,posing challenges to traditional ex situ characterization techniques.To address this,advanced in situ and operando techniques have been developed,broadly categorized into imaging,spectroscopic,synchrotron scattering/diffraction,and coupled mass spectrometry approaches.These methods enable real-time visualization and chemical analysis of the electrode/electrolyte interface,providing insights into nucleation and dissolution dynamics,interfacial chemical transformations,and the mechanisms driving dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.Through the integration of these complementary techniques,structural evolution can be correlated with electrochemical behavior,elucidating the underlying physicochemical mechanisms.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ and operando characterization methods and highlights their contributions to understanding interfacial stability in aqueous ZIBs.Future directions emphasizing multi-modal strategies and data integration to guide the rational design of high-performance ZIBs are discussed.These insights are expected to accelerate the development of next-generation aqueous energy storage systems.展开更多
Chinese Characteristics作为重要的域外文献,以他者视野译写了晚清时期中国社会面貌及中国人特征。本研究以无本译写为主体理据,首先通过版本流变考察明恩溥在译写语言上的特点,由此反观其译写意图及思想来源,并深入剖析其思维认知的改...Chinese Characteristics作为重要的域外文献,以他者视野译写了晚清时期中国社会面貌及中国人特征。本研究以无本译写为主体理据,首先通过版本流变考察明恩溥在译写语言上的特点,由此反观其译写意图及思想来源,并深入剖析其思维认知的改变;进而针对1894年修订版进行碎片式底本溯源。选取文本中的典型案例,分析其译写语言内部的中国人特质,以期挖掘明恩溥译写现象背后的社会文化因素。本研究对Chinese Characteristics的考释,不仅有助于了解西方人眼中的中国国民特质,还可以此为镜,揭示明恩溥他塑中国形象中的正与偏,为今后借力使力,塑造可信、可敬、可爱的中国形象提供借鉴和参考。展开更多
Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the preven...Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.展开更多
The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the cont...The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the content of SiO_(2)and CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)ratio to approximate the IUGS classification diagram and a normative-based Q'-ANOR plot.Four trends have been superimposed onto the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram based on published datasets from the Peninsular Ranges(calcic:C),Tuolumne(calc-alkalic:CA),Sherman(alkali-calcic:AC),and Bjerkreim-Sokndal(alkalic:A)batholiths,which were employed to constrain the positions of the C-CA,CA-AC and AC-A suite boundaries on the SiO_(2)versus(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O-CaO)(or modified alkali-lime index,MALI)granitic classification diagram.A merit of the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot is identifying rock types comprising a suite and their relative abundances.The distinguished projections of five typical granitoid assemblages,which are summarized by Bonin et al.(2020),demonstrate the ability of SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram to decipher their petrogenesis.The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plots for the plutonic suites of'known'tectonic settings can reveal their evolution paths and the lithological statistics.Accordingly,it is suggested that the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot can distinguish the tectonic environments of plutonic suits by comparing the plutonic suites or batholiths of'unknown'tectonic context to the published datasets from granitoid suites formed within'known'tectonic settings.The modified SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram links the bulk chemical composition of granitoid suites to the likely source,magmatic evolution,and tectonic setting;thus,it may be a useful tectono-magmatic classification scheme for granitoid suites.展开更多
With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,off...With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for researchers.However,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of scholars.Defect engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent years.Nonmetal vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple form.Consequently,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.Therefore,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic reactions.Additionally,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.展开更多
2-substituted-1-amino-o-carboranes 2-R-1-NH_(2)-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10)(R=CH_(3),1a;R=Ph,1b)were synthesized and the reactions of these compounds with the yttrium dialkyl complex[Y(L)(CH_(2)SiMe3)_(2)](L=[2-(2,5-Me_(2)C_(...2-substituted-1-amino-o-carboranes 2-R-1-NH_(2)-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10)(R=CH_(3),1a;R=Ph,1b)were synthesized and the reactions of these compounds with the yttrium dialkyl complex[Y(L)(CH_(2)SiMe3)_(2)](L=[2-(2,5-Me_(2)C_(4)H_(2)N)C_(6)H4NC(Ph)=NDipp]-,Dipp=2,6-iPr_(2)C_(6)H_(3))were investigated.The 1H NMR spectroscopy indicate that the reaction of ytrrium dialkyl complex with one equivalent of 2-R-1-NH_(2)-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10) produce the mixture of ytrrium alkyl-amido complex[Y(L)(2-R-1-NH-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))(CH_(2)SiMe3)](R=CH_(3),2a;R=Ph,2b)and bis(amido)complex[Y(L)(2-R-1-NH-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))_(2)](R=CH_(3),3a;R=Ph,3b).The yttrium bridging imido complex[Y(L)(2-CH_(3)-1-N-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))]_(2)(4a)was obtained by heating the mixture at 55℃for 12 h.Complex 3a was isolated and characterized by treating the yttrium dialkyl complex with two equivalents of 1a.The structures of complexes 3a and 4a were verified by single-crystal Xray diffraction.CCDC:2424136,3a;2424137,4a.展开更多
A trinuclear copper complex [Cu_(3)(L2)_(2)(SO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(7)]·8H_(2)O(1)(HL2=1-hydroxy-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-8-carboxamide) with a multi-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]py...A trinuclear copper complex [Cu_(3)(L2)_(2)(SO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(7)]·8H_(2)O(1)(HL2=1-hydroxy-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-8-carboxamide) with a multi-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine scaffold was serendipitously prepared from the reaction of the pro-ligand of H_(2)L1(N,N'-bis(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide) with CuSO_(4)·5H_(2O) in aqueous solution at room temperature.Complex 1 was characterized by IR,single-crystal X-ray analysis,and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the complex consists of three Cu(Ⅱ) ions,two in situ transformed L2~-ligands,two coordinated sulfates,seven coordinated water molecules,and eight uncoordinated water molecules.Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates that there are obvious ferromagnetic coupling interactions between the adjacent Cu(Ⅱ) ions in 1.CCDC:1852713.展开更多
The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monit...The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.展开更多
Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have bee...Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have been proposed,most of them focus on recognizing printed Urdu characters and digits.To the best of our knowledge,very little research has focused solely on Urdu pure handwriting recognition,and the results of such proposed methods are often inadequate.In this study,we introduce a novel approach to recognizing Urdu pure handwritten digits and characters using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).Our proposed method utilizes convolutional layers to extract important features from input images and classifies them using fully connected layers,enabling efficient and accurate detection of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.We implemented the proposed technique on a large publicly available dataset of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.The findings demonstrate that the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.30%and an F1 score of 88.6%,indicating its effectiveness in detecting and classifyingUrdu handwritten digits and characters.These results have far-reaching implications for various applications,including document analysis,text recognition,and language understanding,which have previously been unexplored in the context of Urdu handwriting data.This work lays a solid foundation for future research and development in Urdu language detection and processing,opening up new opportunities for advancement in this field.展开更多
The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside...The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside attitudal contexts that are not directly referential yet exhibit immunity to self misidentification.They include uses of“I”for simulation and for counterfactual self portrait.I argue that they(i)challenge the non-shiftability and the rigidity arguments for the direct reference view,and(1)require a revision of the character of“T”to reflect the sensitivity of its content to the perspective from which the speaker identifies herself.展开更多
The increased accessibility of social networking services(SNSs)has facilitated communication and information sharing among users.However,it has also heightened concerns about digital safety,particularly for children a...The increased accessibility of social networking services(SNSs)has facilitated communication and information sharing among users.However,it has also heightened concerns about digital safety,particularly for children and adolescents who are increasingly exposed to online grooming crimes.Early and accurate identification of grooming conversations is crucial in preventing long-term harm to victims.However,research on grooming detection in South Korea remains limited,as existing models trained primarily on English text and fail to reflect the unique linguistic features of SNS conversations,leading to inaccurate classifications.To address these issues,this study proposes a novel framework that integrates optical character recognition(OCR)technology with KcELECTRA,a deep learning-based natural language processing(NLP)model that shows excellent performance in processing the colloquial Korean language.In the proposed framework,the KcELECTRA model is fine-tuned by an extensive dataset,including Korean social media conversations,Korean ethical verification data from AI-Hub,and Korean hate speech data from Hug-gingFace,to enable more accurate classification of text extracted from social media conversation images.Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 0.953,outperforming existing transformer-based models.Furthermore,OCR technology shows high accuracy in extracting text from images,demonstrating that the proposed framework is effective for online grooming detection.The proposed framework is expected to contribute to the more accurate detection of grooming text and the prevention of grooming-related crimes.展开更多
The character of Lensky in Eugene Onegin is one of the most discussed figures in the novel.He is the friend of Eugene Onegin and represents a contradictory personality.In the novel,Lensky displays a complex set of cha...The character of Lensky in Eugene Onegin is one of the most discussed figures in the novel.He is the friend of Eugene Onegin and represents a contradictory personality.In the novel,Lensky displays a complex set of characteristics,appearing both elegant and noble on the outside,while concealing a deep inner loneliness and conflict.His attitude toward love and his dissatisfaction with society make him a dramatic and profound character in the story.By analyzing the character of Lensky,we can explore his role in the novel and his relationships with other characters.Lensky’s presence not only enriches the plot but also presents a figure filled with inner contradictions and emotional struggles.His friendship and rivalry with Eugene Onegin,as well as his admiration and helplessness in regard to Olga,showcase his complex inner world and reflections on life.Furthermore,the character of Lensky carries a certain symbolic significance.He can be seen as a metaphor for Russian society and culture at the time.His loneliness and inner conflict symbolize the limitations of Russian society and culture,while also reflecting Pushkin’s idealized pursuit of love and friendship,as well as his critical view of reality.In conclusion,through a deep analysis of Lensky’s character,we can better understand the portrayal of characters and the development of the plot in Eugene Onegin.It also provides readers with a perspective on Pushkin’s thoughts and observations on human nature,society,and culture.展开更多
Early childhood character education is a critical element in shaping an individual’s moral foundation and fostering a sense of social responsibility.It plays a fundamental role in overall personal development.Althoug...Early childhood character education is a critical element in shaping an individual’s moral foundation and fostering a sense of social responsibility.It plays a fundamental role in overall personal development.Although China’s early childhood character education has made progress with the support of policies and practical exploration,it still faces challenges such as the homogenization of educational models,a formalization of home-kindergarten cooperation,a single-dimensional evaluation system,and a need for further improvement in teachers’professional competence in character education.This paper draws on core theories of character education(e.g.,social learning theory and cognitive moral development theory)and incorporates representative case studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the current landscape and associated challenges.It proposes innovative approaches,which include establishing a“threefold”system of implementation,enhancing the mechanisms for home-kindergarten co-education,optimizing and ensuring a multidimensional and dynamic evaluation system,equitably allocating teaching resources,and expanding the social support networks.The aim is to offer theoretical reference and practical solutions to promote the scientific and systematic development of early childhood character education.展开更多
Clays are a constituent of the earth. As a result, the discovery and traditional use of clays in construction and pottery worldwide dates back to antiquity. Guinea has several deposits of clay minerals whose chemical ...Clays are a constituent of the earth. As a result, the discovery and traditional use of clays in construction and pottery worldwide dates back to antiquity. Guinea has several deposits of clay minerals whose chemical and mineralogical compositions have been little studied. Despite lacking of scientific data on these clay minerals, they are used today in pottery and habitat construction. As a step towards promoting the use of clay materials in Guinea, we conducted a study of the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of three natural clays from Kakan in the Republic of Guinea (AKKB, AKKE, AKKO) used in habitat construction. The aims of this work were to better understand their properties, but above all to be able to act on them to improve and broaden their applications, which until now have been limited to construction. These clays were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), moisture content (%W), laser granulometry, Atterberg limits, specific surface area, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). These analyses revealed that the main clay minerals present in our samples are kaolinite, illite and, montmorillonite, with the addition of impurities, the most abundant of which is quartz.展开更多
Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value o...Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.展开更多
Introduction: Diabetes remains a real public health problem today, due to its associated morbidity and mortality. It induces numerous metabolic, biochemical, hematological, and immunological changes, responsible for m...Introduction: Diabetes remains a real public health problem today, due to its associated morbidity and mortality. It induces numerous metabolic, biochemical, hematological, and immunological changes, responsible for multiple complications. The objective of this study was to characterize clinically and biologically type 2 diabetic patients followed at the National Center for Diabetology and Arterial Hypertension of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. Method: This prospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study took place from April 5 to July 31, 2023 (4 months) on 100 diabetic patients of both sexes (61 women and 39 men), aged from 31 to 88 years. Body Mass Index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac frequency were measured on each of the patients. Subsequently, blood was collected from the patients for the determination of the complete blood count, HBA1c, lipid profile, serum albumin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The age average of our population was 56.99 ± 11.51 years, the population was primarily female (61%) and primarily between the ages of 55 and 88. 67% of respondents were married. 59% went to secondary school. 73% of them lived in urban areas. 30% were obese and 40% were overweight, with an average BMI of 28.75 kg/m2. 76% of patients took oral antidiabetic medications. HbA1c level average was 8.65%, with 60% having readings above 6.5%. Low hemoglobin and hypochromia were among the abnormalities of red blood cells observed. Lipid profiles revealed low HDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides and cholesterol. Elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 indicated inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: These results indicate the necessity of focused diabetic care and management on diabetic patients attending the central hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon.展开更多
The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a res...The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a result, limited data exist and O. daovantieni remains one of the least studied members of its genus. Based on a re-examination of the type series, analysis of newly collected topotypic specimens, and a review of museum collections, this study provides an updated and comprehensive morphological characterization of O. daovantieni including detailed descriptions of hemipenial morphology, revised diagnostic characters,phylogenetic positioning, and ecological insights.Based on morphological comparisons with congeners, we also define the informal Opisthotropis spenceri group to facilitate future taxonomic work. In addition, this study documents a previously unreported defensive behavior involving tail-poking,observed in the field and thus far unique within the genus Opisthotropis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Project,China(No.2023YFC3504000)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,China(No.20240404043ZP)the Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Changchun Science and Technology Bureau and Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.23SH14)。
文摘In this study,a novel polysaccharide GPA-G 2-H was derived from ginseng.Furthermore,the coherent study of its structural characteristics,fermented characteristics in vitro,as well as antioxidant mechanism of fermented product FGPA-G 2-H on Aβ25-35-induced PC 12 cells were explored.The structure of GPA-G 2-H was determined by means of zeta potential analysis,FTIR,HPLC,XRD,GC-MS and NMR.The backbone of GPA-G 2-H was mainly composed of→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→with branches substituted at O-3.Notably,GPA-G 2-H was degraded by intestinal microbiota in vitro with total sugar content and pH value decreasing,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)increasing.Moreover,GPA-G 2-H significantly promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae and Weissella,thereby making positive alterations in intestinal microbiota composition.Additionally,FGPA-G 2-H activated the Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhanced HO-1,NQO 1,SOD and GSH-Px,while inhabited Keap 1,MDA and LDH,which alleviated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.These provide a solid theoretical basis for the further development of ginseng polysaccharides as functional food and antioxidant drugs.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.25ZR1401102)China Scholarship Council(CSC)ECNU Academic Innovation Promotion Program for Excellent Doctoral Students(No.YBNLTS2025-024).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial phenomena such as zinc dendrite growth,parasitic side reactions,and the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase.These processes are inherently dynamic and span multiple spatial and temporal scales,posing challenges to traditional ex situ characterization techniques.To address this,advanced in situ and operando techniques have been developed,broadly categorized into imaging,spectroscopic,synchrotron scattering/diffraction,and coupled mass spectrometry approaches.These methods enable real-time visualization and chemical analysis of the electrode/electrolyte interface,providing insights into nucleation and dissolution dynamics,interfacial chemical transformations,and the mechanisms driving dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.Through the integration of these complementary techniques,structural evolution can be correlated with electrochemical behavior,elucidating the underlying physicochemical mechanisms.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ and operando characterization methods and highlights their contributions to understanding interfacial stability in aqueous ZIBs.Future directions emphasizing multi-modal strategies and data integration to guide the rational design of high-performance ZIBs are discussed.These insights are expected to accelerate the development of next-generation aqueous energy storage systems.
基金supported by Public Health Talent Training and Surport Plan(National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control)Research and application of new technology for rapid monitoring and tracing of emergent infectious diseases among entry-exit population(2024YFFK0056)Monitoring,Early warning and Response of Major Infectious Diseases(2022ZDZX0017).
文摘Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
文摘The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the content of SiO_(2)and CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)ratio to approximate the IUGS classification diagram and a normative-based Q'-ANOR plot.Four trends have been superimposed onto the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram based on published datasets from the Peninsular Ranges(calcic:C),Tuolumne(calc-alkalic:CA),Sherman(alkali-calcic:AC),and Bjerkreim-Sokndal(alkalic:A)batholiths,which were employed to constrain the positions of the C-CA,CA-AC and AC-A suite boundaries on the SiO_(2)versus(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O-CaO)(or modified alkali-lime index,MALI)granitic classification diagram.A merit of the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot is identifying rock types comprising a suite and their relative abundances.The distinguished projections of five typical granitoid assemblages,which are summarized by Bonin et al.(2020),demonstrate the ability of SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram to decipher their petrogenesis.The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plots for the plutonic suites of'known'tectonic settings can reveal their evolution paths and the lithological statistics.Accordingly,it is suggested that the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot can distinguish the tectonic environments of plutonic suits by comparing the plutonic suites or batholiths of'unknown'tectonic context to the published datasets from granitoid suites formed within'known'tectonic settings.The modified SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram links the bulk chemical composition of granitoid suites to the likely source,magmatic evolution,and tectonic setting;thus,it may be a useful tectono-magmatic classification scheme for granitoid suites.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3500702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21677010 and 51808037)Special fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control(No.BZ0344KF21-04).
文摘With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for researchers.However,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of scholars.Defect engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent years.Nonmetal vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple form.Consequently,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.Therefore,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic reactions.Additionally,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.
文摘2-substituted-1-amino-o-carboranes 2-R-1-NH_(2)-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10)(R=CH_(3),1a;R=Ph,1b)were synthesized and the reactions of these compounds with the yttrium dialkyl complex[Y(L)(CH_(2)SiMe3)_(2)](L=[2-(2,5-Me_(2)C_(4)H_(2)N)C_(6)H4NC(Ph)=NDipp]-,Dipp=2,6-iPr_(2)C_(6)H_(3))were investigated.The 1H NMR spectroscopy indicate that the reaction of ytrrium dialkyl complex with one equivalent of 2-R-1-NH_(2)-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10) produce the mixture of ytrrium alkyl-amido complex[Y(L)(2-R-1-NH-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))(CH_(2)SiMe3)](R=CH_(3),2a;R=Ph,2b)and bis(amido)complex[Y(L)(2-R-1-NH-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))_(2)](R=CH_(3),3a;R=Ph,3b).The yttrium bridging imido complex[Y(L)(2-CH_(3)-1-N-o-C_(2)B_(10)H_(10))]_(2)(4a)was obtained by heating the mixture at 55℃for 12 h.Complex 3a was isolated and characterized by treating the yttrium dialkyl complex with two equivalents of 1a.The structures of complexes 3a and 4a were verified by single-crystal Xray diffraction.CCDC:2424136,3a;2424137,4a.
文摘A trinuclear copper complex [Cu_(3)(L2)_(2)(SO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(7)]·8H_(2)O(1)(HL2=1-hydroxy-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-8-carboxamide) with a multi-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine scaffold was serendipitously prepared from the reaction of the pro-ligand of H_(2)L1(N,N'-bis(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide) with CuSO_(4)·5H_(2O) in aqueous solution at room temperature.Complex 1 was characterized by IR,single-crystal X-ray analysis,and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the complex consists of three Cu(Ⅱ) ions,two in situ transformed L2~-ligands,two coordinated sulfates,seven coordinated water molecules,and eight uncoordinated water molecules.Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates that there are obvious ferromagnetic coupling interactions between the adjacent Cu(Ⅱ) ions in 1.CCDC:1852713.
基金湖南省教育厅基金优秀青年项目(No.22B0482)湖南科技大学博士启动基金(No.E51992 and E51993)资助。
文摘The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.
文摘Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have been proposed,most of them focus on recognizing printed Urdu characters and digits.To the best of our knowledge,very little research has focused solely on Urdu pure handwriting recognition,and the results of such proposed methods are often inadequate.In this study,we introduce a novel approach to recognizing Urdu pure handwritten digits and characters using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).Our proposed method utilizes convolutional layers to extract important features from input images and classifies them using fully connected layers,enabling efficient and accurate detection of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.We implemented the proposed technique on a large publicly available dataset of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.The findings demonstrate that the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.30%and an F1 score of 88.6%,indicating its effectiveness in detecting and classifyingUrdu handwritten digits and characters.These results have far-reaching implications for various applications,including document analysis,text recognition,and language understanding,which have previously been unexplored in the context of Urdu handwriting data.This work lays a solid foundation for future research and development in Urdu language detection and processing,opening up new opportunities for advancement in this field.
基金funded by the MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720021)。
文摘The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside attitudal contexts that are not directly referential yet exhibit immunity to self misidentification.They include uses of“I”for simulation and for counterfactual self portrait.I argue that they(i)challenge the non-shiftability and the rigidity arguments for the direct reference view,and(1)require a revision of the character of“T”to reflect the sensitivity of its content to the perspective from which the speaker identifies herself.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)grant funded by the Korean government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(IITP-2025-RS-2024-00438056).
文摘The increased accessibility of social networking services(SNSs)has facilitated communication and information sharing among users.However,it has also heightened concerns about digital safety,particularly for children and adolescents who are increasingly exposed to online grooming crimes.Early and accurate identification of grooming conversations is crucial in preventing long-term harm to victims.However,research on grooming detection in South Korea remains limited,as existing models trained primarily on English text and fail to reflect the unique linguistic features of SNS conversations,leading to inaccurate classifications.To address these issues,this study proposes a novel framework that integrates optical character recognition(OCR)technology with KcELECTRA,a deep learning-based natural language processing(NLP)model that shows excellent performance in processing the colloquial Korean language.In the proposed framework,the KcELECTRA model is fine-tuned by an extensive dataset,including Korean social media conversations,Korean ethical verification data from AI-Hub,and Korean hate speech data from Hug-gingFace,to enable more accurate classification of text extracted from social media conversation images.Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 0.953,outperforming existing transformer-based models.Furthermore,OCR technology shows high accuracy in extracting text from images,demonstrating that the proposed framework is effective for online grooming detection.The proposed framework is expected to contribute to the more accurate detection of grooming text and the prevention of grooming-related crimes.
文摘The character of Lensky in Eugene Onegin is one of the most discussed figures in the novel.He is the friend of Eugene Onegin and represents a contradictory personality.In the novel,Lensky displays a complex set of characteristics,appearing both elegant and noble on the outside,while concealing a deep inner loneliness and conflict.His attitude toward love and his dissatisfaction with society make him a dramatic and profound character in the story.By analyzing the character of Lensky,we can explore his role in the novel and his relationships with other characters.Lensky’s presence not only enriches the plot but also presents a figure filled with inner contradictions and emotional struggles.His friendship and rivalry with Eugene Onegin,as well as his admiration and helplessness in regard to Olga,showcase his complex inner world and reflections on life.Furthermore,the character of Lensky carries a certain symbolic significance.He can be seen as a metaphor for Russian society and culture at the time.His loneliness and inner conflict symbolize the limitations of Russian society and culture,while also reflecting Pushkin’s idealized pursuit of love and friendship,as well as his critical view of reality.In conclusion,through a deep analysis of Lensky’s character,we can better understand the portrayal of characters and the development of the plot in Eugene Onegin.It also provides readers with a perspective on Pushkin’s thoughts and observations on human nature,society,and culture.
文摘Early childhood character education is a critical element in shaping an individual’s moral foundation and fostering a sense of social responsibility.It plays a fundamental role in overall personal development.Although China’s early childhood character education has made progress with the support of policies and practical exploration,it still faces challenges such as the homogenization of educational models,a formalization of home-kindergarten cooperation,a single-dimensional evaluation system,and a need for further improvement in teachers’professional competence in character education.This paper draws on core theories of character education(e.g.,social learning theory and cognitive moral development theory)and incorporates representative case studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the current landscape and associated challenges.It proposes innovative approaches,which include establishing a“threefold”system of implementation,enhancing the mechanisms for home-kindergarten co-education,optimizing and ensuring a multidimensional and dynamic evaluation system,equitably allocating teaching resources,and expanding the social support networks.The aim is to offer theoretical reference and practical solutions to promote the scientific and systematic development of early childhood character education.
文摘Clays are a constituent of the earth. As a result, the discovery and traditional use of clays in construction and pottery worldwide dates back to antiquity. Guinea has several deposits of clay minerals whose chemical and mineralogical compositions have been little studied. Despite lacking of scientific data on these clay minerals, they are used today in pottery and habitat construction. As a step towards promoting the use of clay materials in Guinea, we conducted a study of the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of three natural clays from Kakan in the Republic of Guinea (AKKB, AKKE, AKKO) used in habitat construction. The aims of this work were to better understand their properties, but above all to be able to act on them to improve and broaden their applications, which until now have been limited to construction. These clays were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), moisture content (%W), laser granulometry, Atterberg limits, specific surface area, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). These analyses revealed that the main clay minerals present in our samples are kaolinite, illite and, montmorillonite, with the addition of impurities, the most abundant of which is quartz.
文摘Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.
文摘Introduction: Diabetes remains a real public health problem today, due to its associated morbidity and mortality. It induces numerous metabolic, biochemical, hematological, and immunological changes, responsible for multiple complications. The objective of this study was to characterize clinically and biologically type 2 diabetic patients followed at the National Center for Diabetology and Arterial Hypertension of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. Method: This prospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study took place from April 5 to July 31, 2023 (4 months) on 100 diabetic patients of both sexes (61 women and 39 men), aged from 31 to 88 years. Body Mass Index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac frequency were measured on each of the patients. Subsequently, blood was collected from the patients for the determination of the complete blood count, HBA1c, lipid profile, serum albumin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The age average of our population was 56.99 ± 11.51 years, the population was primarily female (61%) and primarily between the ages of 55 and 88. 67% of respondents were married. 59% went to secondary school. 73% of them lived in urban areas. 30% were obese and 40% were overweight, with an average BMI of 28.75 kg/m2. 76% of patients took oral antidiabetic medications. HbA1c level average was 8.65%, with 60% having readings above 6.5%. Low hemoglobin and hypochromia were among the abnormalities of red blood cells observed. Lipid profiles revealed low HDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides and cholesterol. Elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 indicated inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: These results indicate the necessity of focused diabetic care and management on diabetic patients attending the central hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300370, 32200363)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (071GJHZ2023041MI),Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-017-65, KFJ-BRP017-086, CAS-TAX-24-051, CAS-TAX-24-052)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743416)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No. 2023NSFSC1155)partially supported by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (CT0000.03/25-27) to NTT。
文摘The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a result, limited data exist and O. daovantieni remains one of the least studied members of its genus. Based on a re-examination of the type series, analysis of newly collected topotypic specimens, and a review of museum collections, this study provides an updated and comprehensive morphological characterization of O. daovantieni including detailed descriptions of hemipenial morphology, revised diagnostic characters,phylogenetic positioning, and ecological insights.Based on morphological comparisons with congeners, we also define the informal Opisthotropis spenceri group to facilitate future taxonomic work. In addition, this study documents a previously unreported defensive behavior involving tail-poking,observed in the field and thus far unique within the genus Opisthotropis.
