Rainbows-symbolizing peace,hope,promise and endurance(忍耐力)in hard times-are springing up in neighborhoods throughout Long Island in an effort to color the future road with optimism.The campaign,Rainbows over Nassau...Rainbows-symbolizing peace,hope,promise and endurance(忍耐力)in hard times-are springing up in neighborhoods throughout Long Island in an effort to color the future road with optimism.The campaign,Rainbows over Nassau and Suffolk Counties and Beyond,started on March 21 and spread through a group.It's a campaign that encourages participants to make rainbows to display outside their homes,anywhere from their front windows and doors to lawns and sidewalks.It follows another similar project,Chalk Your Walk,which promotes writing hopeful messages in chalk on driveways and sidewalks.展开更多
The therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)medication is severely compromised by inadequate drug delivery to tumor sites.Herein,we fabricated a biomimetic nanoplatform for improved drug targeting ability...The therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)medication is severely compromised by inadequate drug delivery to tumor sites.Herein,we fabricated a biomimetic nanoplatform for improved drug targeting ability by wrapping H22 tumor cell membranes around natural chalk to encapsulate the model drug doxorubicin(C-DOX@H22 CM).When camouflaged with H22 tumor cell membranes,C-DOX@H22 CM achieved primary targeting to the tumor tissues due to the immune escape ability and secondary deep targeting to HCC cells owing to the homologous targeting properties.The cellular uptake of C-DOX@H22 CM by H22 cells was via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Meanwhile,C-DOX@H22 CM exhibited the property of deep penetration into dense tumor tissues.Moreover,the pH-responsive characteristics of the natural chalk enabled C-DOX@H22 CM to achieve endosomal escape and drug release,thereby expanding its antitumor effects without compromising biocompatibility.Importantly,the in vivo experiments also confirmed that C-DOX@H22 CM had favorable antitumor efficacy and biosafety in the H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.Overall,the novel C-DOX@H22 CM nanoplatform provides a safe and effective treatment option for HCC and has the potential to achieve clinical translation for the targeted delivery of other drugs for the treatment of various tumors.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compositions of chalk dust and examine the adverse effects of fine chalk particle matters（PM（2.5）） on rat alveolar macrophages（AMs） in vitro.Morphologies and...The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compositions of chalk dust and examine the adverse effects of fine chalk particle matters（PM（2.5）） on rat alveolar macrophages（AMs） in vitro.Morphologies and element concentrations of chalk particles were analyzed using quantitative energydispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis（ED-EPMA）.The oxidative response of AMs exposed to chalk PM（2.5） was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence（CL）.The results showed that（1）Chalk dust was mainly composed of gypsum（CaSO4）,calcite（CaCO3）/dolomite（CaMg（CO3）2）,and organic adhesives;（2） Fine chalk particles induced the AM production of CL,which was inhibited by about 90%by diphenyleneiodonium chloride（DPI）.Based on these results,we showed that cytotoxicity of chalk PM（2.5） may be related to the reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation.展开更多
This study presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sedimentary strata beneath central London. 〉1100 borehole records were analysed. London Clay is thickest in the west; thicker deposits extend as a narrow fing...This study presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sedimentary strata beneath central London. 〉1100 borehole records were analysed. London Clay is thickest in the west; thicker deposits extend as a narrow finger along the axis of the London Basin. More minor variations are probably governed by periglacial erosion and faulting. A shallow anticline in the Chalk in north-central London has resulted in a pronounced thinning of succeeding strata. These results are compared to the position of London Underground railway tunnels. Although tunnels have been bored through the upper levels of London Clay where thick, some tunnels and stations are positioned within the underlying, more lithologically variable, Lower London Tertiary deposits. Although less complex than other geological models of the London Basin, this technique is more objective and uses a higher density of borehole data. The high resolution of the resulting maps emphasises the power of modelling an expansive dataset in a rigorous but simnle fashion.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and sequestration through CO_(2)enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in oil reservoirs is one of the approaches considered to reduce CO_(2)emission into the atmosphere.The injection of CO_(2)into a ...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and sequestration through CO_(2)enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in oil reservoirs is one of the approaches considered to reduce CO_(2)emission into the atmosphere.The injection of CO_(2)into a subsurface geological formation may lead to chemical reactions that may affect the formation pore structure and characteristics.In this study,the effect of CO_(2)ebrineerock interaction on the rock petrophysical properties and mineral volume fraction was numerically investigated during CO_(2)injection into a chalk reservoir rock.A 3D numerical modeling and simulation were conducted using COMSOL®Multiphysics commercial software of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to simulate CO_(2)ebrine core flooding process in a chalk core.The model was validated against a coreescale experimental data from literature.Simulation differential pressure data matched the literature experimental data closely and consistently indicating good agreement between them.Temperature effect on the performance of CO_(2)ebrineechalk sequestration was also evaluated in the present study.Results indicated that porosity was only slightly affected by temperature increase during CO_(2)injection in contrast to permeability that was substantially affected by temperature.Moreover,chemical reactions enhanced as temperature increased leading to significant increase in permeability.Thus,carbonated brine sequestration excelled at elevated temperature due to increased acidity which governs the sequestration process.The developed model maybe considered as a reliable tool to optimize various operating parameters of CO_(2)ebrine sequestration.展开更多
In rice(Oryza sativa),defects in endosperm development can give grains a chalky texture,which decreases grain quality and is thus undesirable for breeding and marketing.However,the molecular basis of chalki-ness remai...In rice(Oryza sativa),defects in endosperm development can give grains a chalky texture,which decreases grain quality and is thus undesirable for breeding and marketing.However,the molecular basis of chalki-ness remains largely unknown.Here,we identified CHALK10,which encodes an F-box protein that nega-tively regulates rice chalkiness.The chalk10 mutant exhibited abnormal starch granule development,decreased starch content,and altered starch physicochemical properties compared with the wild type.CHALK10 interacts with the gibberellin(GA)oxidase SEMIDWARF-1(SD1)and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SD1 through the 26S proteasome pathway.The grains of SD1-overexpressing plants ex-hibited increased chalkiness;introduction of the sd1 mutant allele into the chalk10 background largely sup-pressed the enhanced chalkiness observed in the chalk10 mutant.GA levels were higher in the chalk10 mutant than in the wild type,and application of the bioactive GA form GA3 increased grain chalkiness.The expression of genes related to starch degradation or biosynthesis was altered in the chalk10 mutant,resulting in reduced starch production and increased metabolizable sugar content in the endosperm.In summary,our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of chalkiness and provide potential targets for improving rice quality.展开更多
In the Bay of Bengal,the Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent part of the Burma-Sunda-Java subduction complex.The Islands are composed of sediments ranging in age from Jurassic to Recent,represented by ophiolites,fly...In the Bay of Bengal,the Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent part of the Burma-Sunda-Java subduction complex.The Islands are composed of sediments ranging in age from Jurassic to Recent,represented by ophiolites,flysch sediments,along with deep marine sediments scraped off from the subducting plate.The stratigraphic succession that overlies meta-sedimentary and ophiolite suites consists of turbidite and non-turbidite sequences,along with thick-bedded nannofossil chalks.The present study describes ichnofabrics of chalks from the Inglis Formation(Early to Middle Miocene).These chalks are highly to moderately bioturbated and comprise several levels of ferruginised layers as weak discontinuity surfaces.The studied section shows the recurring occurrence of ichnotaxa belonging to Asterosoma,Chondrites,Cladichnus,Ophiomorpha,Palaeophycus,Planolites,Taenidium,Thalassinoides,and Zoophycus.Sediments are represented by Bioturbation indices varying between BI-2 to BI-5,represented by(a)light coloured trace fossils in dark sediment(LID ichnofabric)and(b)dark coloured trace fossils in light sediment(DIL ichnofabric).Ichnofabric analysis suggests multiple colonization,complex tiering,and multilayer tiering.The LID ichnofabric exposed at Kalapathar reveals three tiers,a diverse shallow tier and a moderately low diverse middle and deep tiers.At the Lacam Point Section,in contrast,the LID ichnofabric is represented by condensation of the tiers and the absence of shallow tiers.The DIL ichnofabric at the Kalapathar Section seems to be more expanded and is represented by four tiers with extensive bioturbation.Ichnofabric analysis supports deposition of the chalk sediments in a lower bathyal paleoenvironment and suggests that organic matter,pore water,and bottom-water oxygenation were the main controlling factors.Thus,the ichnofabric analysis of the EarlyMiddle Miocene Inglis Formation gives first-hand information regarding the poorly known chalk facies of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands pre-Bengal fan stage of the Indian plate.展开更多
Inever thought I would ever be attending a banquet on the balcony of a restaurant that looked out across the Yalujiang River, straight into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). There we were, a...Inever thought I would ever be attending a banquet on the balcony of a restaurant that looked out across the Yalujiang River, straight into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). There we were, a delegation展开更多
文摘Rainbows-symbolizing peace,hope,promise and endurance(忍耐力)in hard times-are springing up in neighborhoods throughout Long Island in an effort to color the future road with optimism.The campaign,Rainbows over Nassau and Suffolk Counties and Beyond,started on March 21 and spread through a group.It's a campaign that encourages participants to make rainbows to display outside their homes,anywhere from their front windows and doors to lawns and sidewalks.It follows another similar project,Chalk Your Walk,which promotes writing hopeful messages in chalk on driveways and sidewalks.
基金supported by Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project(No.2023KY704)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(Nos.2023ZR107 and 2024ZF094)+1 种基金Special Research Fund for Hospital Pharmacy of Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association(No.2021ZYY08)Zhejiang Medical Association Clinical Research Fund(Nos.2021ZYC-A64 and 2021ZYC-A67).
文摘The therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)medication is severely compromised by inadequate drug delivery to tumor sites.Herein,we fabricated a biomimetic nanoplatform for improved drug targeting ability by wrapping H22 tumor cell membranes around natural chalk to encapsulate the model drug doxorubicin(C-DOX@H22 CM).When camouflaged with H22 tumor cell membranes,C-DOX@H22 CM achieved primary targeting to the tumor tissues due to the immune escape ability and secondary deep targeting to HCC cells owing to the homologous targeting properties.The cellular uptake of C-DOX@H22 CM by H22 cells was via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Meanwhile,C-DOX@H22 CM exhibited the property of deep penetration into dense tumor tissues.Moreover,the pH-responsive characteristics of the natural chalk enabled C-DOX@H22 CM to achieve endosomal escape and drug release,thereby expanding its antitumor effects without compromising biocompatibility.Importantly,the in vivo experiments also confirmed that C-DOX@H22 CM had favorable antitumor efficacy and biosafety in the H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.Overall,the novel C-DOX@H22 CM nanoplatform provides a safe and effective treatment option for HCC and has the potential to achieve clinical translation for the targeted delivery of other drugs for the treatment of various tumors.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21107064,2140509,21175086 and 21177078)by grant from Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Nos.2013-012 and 2013-016)
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compositions of chalk dust and examine the adverse effects of fine chalk particle matters（PM（2.5）） on rat alveolar macrophages（AMs） in vitro.Morphologies and element concentrations of chalk particles were analyzed using quantitative energydispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis（ED-EPMA）.The oxidative response of AMs exposed to chalk PM（2.5） was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence（CL）.The results showed that（1）Chalk dust was mainly composed of gypsum（CaSO4）,calcite（CaCO3）/dolomite（CaMg（CO3）2）,and organic adhesives;（2） Fine chalk particles induced the AM production of CL,which was inhibited by about 90%by diphenyleneiodonium chloride（DPI）.Based on these results,we showed that cytotoxicity of chalk PM（2.5） may be related to the reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation.
文摘This study presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sedimentary strata beneath central London. 〉1100 borehole records were analysed. London Clay is thickest in the west; thicker deposits extend as a narrow finger along the axis of the London Basin. More minor variations are probably governed by periglacial erosion and faulting. A shallow anticline in the Chalk in north-central London has resulted in a pronounced thinning of succeeding strata. These results are compared to the position of London Underground railway tunnels. Although tunnels have been bored through the upper levels of London Clay where thick, some tunnels and stations are positioned within the underlying, more lithologically variable, Lower London Tertiary deposits. Although less complex than other geological models of the London Basin, this technique is more objective and uses a higher density of borehole data. The high resolution of the resulting maps emphasises the power of modelling an expansive dataset in a rigorous but simnle fashion.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture and sequestration through CO_(2)enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in oil reservoirs is one of the approaches considered to reduce CO_(2)emission into the atmosphere.The injection of CO_(2)into a subsurface geological formation may lead to chemical reactions that may affect the formation pore structure and characteristics.In this study,the effect of CO_(2)ebrineerock interaction on the rock petrophysical properties and mineral volume fraction was numerically investigated during CO_(2)injection into a chalk reservoir rock.A 3D numerical modeling and simulation were conducted using COMSOL®Multiphysics commercial software of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to simulate CO_(2)ebrine core flooding process in a chalk core.The model was validated against a coreescale experimental data from literature.Simulation differential pressure data matched the literature experimental data closely and consistently indicating good agreement between them.Temperature effect on the performance of CO_(2)ebrineechalk sequestration was also evaluated in the present study.Results indicated that porosity was only slightly affected by temperature increase during CO_(2)injection in contrast to permeability that was substantially affected by temperature.Moreover,chemical reactions enhanced as temperature increased leading to significant increase in permeability.Thus,carbonated brine sequestration excelled at elevated temperature due to increased acidity which governs the sequestration process.The developed model maybe considered as a reliable tool to optimize various operating parameters of CO_(2)ebrine sequestration.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24C130001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188102),a Zhejiang Provincial Science and Tech-nology Project(2020R51007)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Pro-gram of Zhejiang Province(2022C02011)the Innovation Program of Chi-nese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202403).
文摘In rice(Oryza sativa),defects in endosperm development can give grains a chalky texture,which decreases grain quality and is thus undesirable for breeding and marketing.However,the molecular basis of chalki-ness remains largely unknown.Here,we identified CHALK10,which encodes an F-box protein that nega-tively regulates rice chalkiness.The chalk10 mutant exhibited abnormal starch granule development,decreased starch content,and altered starch physicochemical properties compared with the wild type.CHALK10 interacts with the gibberellin(GA)oxidase SEMIDWARF-1(SD1)and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SD1 through the 26S proteasome pathway.The grains of SD1-overexpressing plants ex-hibited increased chalkiness;introduction of the sd1 mutant allele into the chalk10 background largely sup-pressed the enhanced chalkiness observed in the chalk10 mutant.GA levels were higher in the chalk10 mutant than in the wild type,and application of the bioactive GA form GA3 increased grain chalkiness.The expression of genes related to starch degradation or biosynthesis was altered in the chalk10 mutant,resulting in reduced starch production and increased metabolizable sugar content in the endosperm.In summary,our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of chalkiness and provide potential targets for improving rice quality.
文摘In the Bay of Bengal,the Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent part of the Burma-Sunda-Java subduction complex.The Islands are composed of sediments ranging in age from Jurassic to Recent,represented by ophiolites,flysch sediments,along with deep marine sediments scraped off from the subducting plate.The stratigraphic succession that overlies meta-sedimentary and ophiolite suites consists of turbidite and non-turbidite sequences,along with thick-bedded nannofossil chalks.The present study describes ichnofabrics of chalks from the Inglis Formation(Early to Middle Miocene).These chalks are highly to moderately bioturbated and comprise several levels of ferruginised layers as weak discontinuity surfaces.The studied section shows the recurring occurrence of ichnotaxa belonging to Asterosoma,Chondrites,Cladichnus,Ophiomorpha,Palaeophycus,Planolites,Taenidium,Thalassinoides,and Zoophycus.Sediments are represented by Bioturbation indices varying between BI-2 to BI-5,represented by(a)light coloured trace fossils in dark sediment(LID ichnofabric)and(b)dark coloured trace fossils in light sediment(DIL ichnofabric).Ichnofabric analysis suggests multiple colonization,complex tiering,and multilayer tiering.The LID ichnofabric exposed at Kalapathar reveals three tiers,a diverse shallow tier and a moderately low diverse middle and deep tiers.At the Lacam Point Section,in contrast,the LID ichnofabric is represented by condensation of the tiers and the absence of shallow tiers.The DIL ichnofabric at the Kalapathar Section seems to be more expanded and is represented by four tiers with extensive bioturbation.Ichnofabric analysis supports deposition of the chalk sediments in a lower bathyal paleoenvironment and suggests that organic matter,pore water,and bottom-water oxygenation were the main controlling factors.Thus,the ichnofabric analysis of the EarlyMiddle Miocene Inglis Formation gives first-hand information regarding the poorly known chalk facies of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands pre-Bengal fan stage of the Indian plate.
文摘Inever thought I would ever be attending a banquet on the balcony of a restaurant that looked out across the Yalujiang River, straight into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). There we were, a delegation
