As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancin...As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.展开更多
A micromechanical model for elastic behavior analysis of angle-interlock woven ceramic composites is proposed in this paper. This model takes into account the actual fabric structure by considering the fiber undulatio...A micromechanical model for elastic behavior analysis of angle-interlock woven ceramic composites is proposed in this paper. This model takes into account the actual fabric structure by considering the fiber undulation and continuity in space, the cavities between adjacent yarns and the actual cross-section geometry of the yarn. Based on the laminate theory, the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites are predicted. Different numbers of interlaced wefts have almost the same elastic moduli. The thickness of ceramic matrix has little effect on elastic moduli. When the undulation ratio increases longitudinal modulus decreases and the other Young＇s moduli increase. Good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model in analyzing the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites. The results of this paper verify the fact that the method of analyzing polyester matrix composites is suitable for woven ceramic composites.展开更多
The ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramic composites were prepared by appropriate techniques with commercial ZrO2 and Al2O3 powders as raw materials and Y2O3 as stabilizer. The results indicate that with the introduction of Al2O3 into t...The ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramic composites were prepared by appropriate techniques with commercial ZrO2 and Al2O3 powders as raw materials and Y2O3 as stabilizer. The results indicate that with the introduction of Al2O3 into the ZrO2 matrix where the quantity of additive Y2O3 is 3.5% (mole fraction), the growth of ZrO2 grains is efficiently inhibited, which helps the ZrO2 grains exist in a metastable tetragonal manner; thus higher strength and toughness are acquired. When the content of alumina is 20% (mass fraction), the bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites are 676.7 MPa and 10 MPa·m1/2 respectively, the mechanical behaviors are close to those prepared with ZrO2 and Al2O3 powders synthesized through wet chemical approach. The mechanical behaviors of the composites are well improved owing to the dispersion toughening of alumina grains and phase transformation toughening of zirconia grains.展开更多
Porous ceramic composites with directional microchannels from micrometer to dozens of micrometer levels have attracted more and more attention in various fields including aerospace,biomedicines,and thermal insulation ...Porous ceramic composites with directional microchannels from micrometer to dozens of micrometer levels have attracted more and more attention in various fields including aerospace,biomedicines,and thermal insulation due to their excellent fluid permeability,mechanical properties,etc.In this article,we summarize the recent directional porous ceramics developments including their main processing routes and respective properties.Meanwhile,the properties get from different processing routes have been com-pared and analyzed in terms of microstructures,mechanical properties,and permeability.Emphasis has been given to the deeper understanding which can allow one to control the microstructural features of these porous ceramic composites to obtain the desired characteristics.This work can provide a useful reference for the development and application of porous ceramic composites with directional microchan-nels.展开更多
High strength and high toughness are mutually exclusive in structural materials.In ceramic materials,increasing toughness usually depends on the introduction of a ductile phase that reduces the strength and high-tempe...High strength and high toughness are mutually exclusive in structural materials.In ceramic materials,increasing toughness usually depends on the introduction of a ductile phase that reduces the strength and high-temperature stability of the material.In this work,vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used to achieve toughening of ceramic composite material.The friction sliding of the 3D-printed ceramic macrolayer structure results in effective energy dissipation and redistribution of strain in the whole structure,and macroscale toughening of the ceramic material is realized.In addition,the bridging and elongation of the crack in situ amorphous ceramic whiskers were significant microscopic toughening results,coupled with the toughening of the crack tip of nano-ZrO_(2).Multiscale collaborative toughening methods based on 3D-printed ceramics should find wide applications for materials in service at extreme high temperatures.展开更多
The fracture toughness (KIC) values determined by indentation microfracture method (IM ) for SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 and ZrO2 based composites were calculated with different IM equations and compared with those o...The fracture toughness (KIC) values determined by indentation microfracture method (IM ) for SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 and ZrO2 based composites were calculated with different IM equations and compared with those obtained by singte edge notched beam (SENB) technique. Experimental results show that the KIC (IM) values calculated with different equations are quite different one from another. For composites without phase transformable components the KIC (IM) and KIC (SENB) values are practically on the same level, but for composites with phase transformable components (partially stabilized zirconia) the KIC (SENB) values are always higher than KIC (IM). This is because that the IM method can not reveal sensitively the toughening effect due to dynamic t-m transformation of ZrO2 as the SENB method does. The accuracy of the IM method depends on the Suitability of the IM equations and was evaluated for the materials used in this investigation. Two new IM equations are suggested with which the KIC (IM ) values can be obtained very close to KIC (SENB) values for composites having phase transformable components.展开更多
Fe-Al intermetallic/TiC-Al2O3 ceramic composites were successfully prepared by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） from natural ilmenite, aluminium and carbon as the raw materials. The effects of carbon...Fe-Al intermetallic/TiC-Al2O3 ceramic composites were successfully prepared by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） from natural ilmenite, aluminium and carbon as the raw materials. The effects of carbon sources, preheating time and heat treatment temperature on synthesis process and products were investigated in detail, and the reaction process of the FeTiO3-Al-C system was also discussed. It is shown that the temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are higher when graphite is used as the carbon source, which can reflect the effect of the carbon source structure on the combustion synthesis; Prolonging the preheating time or heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the formation of the ordered intermetallics; The temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are improved, but the disordered alloys are difficult to eliminate with the preheating time prolonged. The compound powders mainly containing ordered Fe3Al intermetallic can be prepared through heat treatment at 750 ℃.展开更多
The fracture toughness and fracture work of A12O3/SiC prismatic ceramic composites was evaluated in this paper, which showed the fracture energy was improved greatly. Based on the observation 'for crack propagat...The fracture toughness and fracture work of A12O3/SiC prismatic ceramic composites was evaluated in this paper, which showed the fracture energy was improved greatly. Based on the observation 'for crack propagation and fracture morphology, the fracture behavior of the prismatic composites was analyzed. In the bending test, the composites displayed a non-catastrophic behavior and a graceful failure with reasonable load-carrying capability.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic （UHTC） composites, consisting of carbon fibers embedded in a UHTC-matrix or a C-SiC-UHTC-matrix, are deemed as the most viable class of materials that can overc...Carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic （UHTC） composites, consisting of carbon fibers embedded in a UHTC-matrix or a C-SiC-UHTC-matrix, are deemed as the most viable class of materials that can overcome the poor fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance of monolithic UHTC ma- terials, and also improve the oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of C/C and C/SiC composites at ultra-high temperatures. In this review, we summarize the different processing routes of the compos- ites based on the UHTC introducing methods, including chemical vapor infiltration/deposition （CVI/D）, precursor infiltration and pyrolysis （PIP）, reactive melt infiltration （RMI）, slurry infiltration （SI）. in-sito reaction, hot pressing （HP）, etc; and the advantages and drawbacks of each method are briefly dis- cussed. The carbon fiber reinforced UHTC composites can be highly tailorable materials in terms of fiber. interface, and matrix. From the perspective of service environmental applications for engine propul- sions anti hypersonic vehicles, the material designs （mainly focusing on the composition, quantity, structure of matrix, as well as the architecture of carbon fibers, UHTCs and pores）, their relevant processing routes and properties （emphasizing on the mechanical and ablation properties） are discussed in this paper. In addition, we propose a material architecture to realize the multi-function through changing the distri- bution of carbon fibers, UHTCs and pores, which will be an important issue for future development of carbon fiber reinforced UHTC composites.展开更多
Based on the model of multi-layer beam and the assumption of micro-inhomogeneity of material, the 3D fractural characteristics of laminated ceramic composites have been studied with numerical simulation. Under three-p...Based on the model of multi-layer beam and the assumption of micro-inhomogeneity of material, the 3D fractural characteristics of laminated ceramic composites have been studied with numerical simulation. Under three-point bending load, crack initiation, coalescence, propagation, tuning off in the weak interface and final rupture have been simulated. The spatial distribution and evolution process of acoustic emission are also presented in the paper. The simulation verifies the primary mechanism of the weak interface inducing the crack to expand along there and absorbing the fractural energy. The disciplinary significance of the effect of strength and properties of material on the toughness and strength of laminated ceramic composites is, therefore, discussed in this paper.展开更多
Digital light processing(DLP)is a high-speed,high-precision 3-dimensional(3D)printing technique gaining traction in the fabrication of ceramic composites.However,when printing 0-3 composites containing lead zirconate ...Digital light processing(DLP)is a high-speed,high-precision 3-dimensional(3D)printing technique gaining traction in the fabrication of ceramic composites.However,when printing 0-3 composites containing lead zirconate titanate(PZT)particles,a widely used piezoelectric ceramic,severe density and refractive index mismatches between the 2 phases pose challenges for ink synthesis and the printing process.Here,we systematically and quantitatively optimized DLP printing of PZT composites,streamlining process development and providing a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for broader applications of DLP technology.PZT particles were pretreated with air plasma to improve slurry uniformity and enhance stress transfer at the composite interface,leading to improved chemical modification,mechanical strength,and piezoelectric properties.We investigated the effects of key process parameters on printability and accuracy by analyzing the curing behavior of PZT–polymer composites.A quantitative model of the DLP curing process was introduced.Unlike stereolithography(SLA),DLP curing depth was found to depend on energy dose and light intensity,with higher intensities proving more favorable for printing 0-3 PZT composites.From depth/width–energy curves,optimal process parameters were determined.We designed and fabricated a soft piezoelectric metamaterial-based touch sensor using these parameters,achieving a customized output profile.This work offers critical insights into optimizing DLP for functional materials and expands the potential of 3D-printed piezoelectric composites.展开更多
Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs)are the preferred materials for safety critical components in the fields of aerospace,nuclear engineering,and transportation,with broad market and application prospect...Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs)are the preferred materials for safety critical components in the fields of aerospace,nuclear engineering,and transportation,with broad market and application prospects.However,due to the characteristics of multiphase,heterogeneity,and anisotropy,key issues such as poor adhesion,high porosity,and crack propagation urgently need to be addressed in the fabrication and machining of FRCMCs.With the increasing demand for FRCMCs parts,high-quality and reliable design and fabrication,performance evaluation,and precision manufacturing have become a series of hot issues.There is a lack of systematic review in capturing the current research status and development direction of FRCMCs fabrication and machining.This research aims to comprehensively review and critically evaluate the existing understanding of the fabrication and machining of FRCMCs.This study can provide scientists with a deeper understanding of the shape control mechanism of FRCMCs fabrication and machining,the theoretical basis of material synchronous removal,machining performance,and development direction.Firstly,the basic characteristics and application background of FRCMCs are introduced.Secondly,by comparing and analyzing the typical fabrication process of FRCMCs,the advantages,disadvantages,and performance evaluation of different processes are comprehensively evaluated.Thirdly,the material removal mechanisms and machining performance evaluation standards of traditional mechanical machining technologies(drilling,milling,grinding)and non-traditional mechanical machining technologies(ultrasonic,laser,water jet,discharge,wire saw,and multi-field hybrid machining)are discussed and analyzed.Finally,the challenges,development trends,and prospects faced by FRCMCs in the fields of fabrication,machining,and application are analyzed.This study not only elucidates the basic processes and key difficulties in the fabrication of FRCMCs,but also provides valuable insights for low-damage machining.展开更多
Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance b...Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance but are expensive.Therefore,to improve the operational range and survivability of unmanned combat aerial vehicles,a lightweight,high-temperature-resistant,oxidation-resistant,and low-observable composite exhaust nozzle is developed to replace conventional metallic straight-type nozzles.The nozzle features a double serpentine shape to reduce radar and infrared signatures and is manufactured as a monolithic structure using the filament winding process,accommodating the complex geometry and large size(length:1.8 m,width:0.8 m).The exhaust nozzle consists of a ceramic matrix composite made of silicon carbide fibers and a silicon oxycarbide matrix,which absorbs and scatters radio frequency signals while withstanding prolonged exposure to high-temperature(700℃)oxidizing environments typical of engine exhaust gases.The polysiloxane resin used to produce the silicon oxycarbide matrix poses significant challenges owing to its low tackiness and high viscosity variations depending on the presence of nanoparticles,making filament winding difficult.These challenges are addressed by optimizing resin viscosity and winding pattern design.As a result,the tensile strength of the composite specimens fabricated with the optimized viscosity increases by 228.03% before pyrolysis and 97.68%after pyrolysis,compared with that of the non-optimized specimens.In addition,the density and tensile strength of the composite processed via three cycles of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis increased by 13.08% and 80.37%,respectively,compared to those of the non-densified composite.High-temperature oxidation and flame tests demonstrate exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.Furthermore,when compared with carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites,the developed composite exhibits a permittivity at least two levels lower and a reflection loss below7 dB within the frequency range of 9.3-10.9 GHz,underscoring its superior electromagnetic stealth performance.展开更多
Graphene with excellent comprehensive properties has been considered as a promising filler to reinforce ceramics.While numerous studies have been devoted to the improvement of mechanical and electrical properties,inco...Graphene with excellent comprehensive properties has been considered as a promising filler to reinforce ceramics.While numerous studies have been devoted to the improvement of mechanical and electrical properties,incorporating graphene to ceramics also offers new opportunities for endowing ceramics with versatility.In this review,the recent development of graphene/ceramic bulk composites is summarized with the focus on the construction of well-designed architecture and the realization of multifunctional applications.The processing technologies of the composites are systematically summarized towards homogeneous dispersion and even ordered orientation of graphene sheets in the ceramic matrix.The improvement of composites in mechanical,electrical,electromagnetic,and thermal performances is discussed.The novel multifunctional applications brought by smart integration of graphene in ceramics are also addressed,including microwave absorption,electromagnetic interference shielding,ballistic armors,self-monitor damage sensors,and energy storage and conversion.展开更多
The two-parameter Weibull model is used to describe the fiber strength distribution.The stress carried by the intact and fracture fibers on the matrix crack plane during unloading/reloading is determined based on the ...The two-parameter Weibull model is used to describe the fiber strength distribution.The stress carried by the intact and fracture fibers on the matrix crack plane during unloading/reloading is determined based on the global load sharing criterion.The axial stress distribution of intact fibers upon unloading and reloading is determined based on the mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in the interface debonded region.The interface debonded length,unloading interface counter slip length,and reloading interface new slip length are obtained by the fracture mechanics approach.The hysteresis loops corresponding to different stresses considering fiber failure are compared with the cases without considering fiber failure.The effects of fiber characteristic strength and fiber Weibull modulus on the fiber failure,the shape,and the area of the hysteresis loops are analyzed.The predicted quasi-static unloading/reloading hysteresis loops agree well with experimental data.展开更多
Advances in the study of structural ceramic materials have revealed new perspectives and opportunities,with an increasing emphasis on incorporating biomimicry concepts.Carbide ceramics with anisotropic crystal structu...Advances in the study of structural ceramic materials have revealed new perspectives and opportunities,with an increasing emphasis on incorporating biomimicry concepts.Carbide ceramics with anisotropic crystal structures—such as silicon carbide—exhibit superior properties,including high modulus,high-temperature resistance,wear resistance,and high thermal conductivity,making them ideal structural materials.The implementation of biomimetic texturing techniques can enhance their performance along specific orientations,thereby expanding their potential for use in more rigorous environments and endowing them with integrated structural and functional characteristics.This review provides an overview of commonly textured biological materials and discusses their performance.It emphasizes the techniques used to prepare anisotropic carbide ceramics and anisotropic carbide ceramic composites—such as strong external field induction(hot working under uniaxial pressure,casting technologies within magnetic alignment,etc.),template methods(biotemplating,ice templating,etc.),and three-dimensional printing technologies(direct ink writing,stereolithography,etc.)—focusing on the work of researchers within the structural ceramic community,summarizing the current challenges in the preparation of anisotropic carbide ceramic composites,and providing insight into their future development and application.展开更多
Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs-SiC)are currently the preferred material for hot section components,safety–critical components and braking components(in the aerospace,energy,transport...Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs-SiC)are currently the preferred material for hot section components,safety–critical components and braking components(in the aerospace,energy,transportation)with high value,and have triggered the demand for machining.However,the high brittleness,anisotropy,and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining,due to high mechanical and thermal loads,severe tool wear,and poor machining quality.With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts,high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue.This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC.The material removal mechanism,defect form,and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized.The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced,and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared.Given the low machinability(high hardness,high brittleness,anisotropy,and heterogeneity)of FRCMCs-SiC,preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear,improving machining quality and machining efficiency.The machined surface integrity was discussed,the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed,and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized.But for FRCMCs-SiC,the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)has enabled the production of highly customized,geometrically complex and functionalized parts with significantly improved properties and functionality,compa...Additive manufacturing(AM)of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)has enabled the production of highly customized,geometrically complex and functionalized parts with significantly improved properties and functionality,compared to single-phase ceramic components.It also opens up a new way to shape damage-tolerant ceramic composites with co-continuous phase reinforcement inspired by natural ma-terials.Nowadays,a large variety of AM techniques has been successfully applied to fabricate CMCs,but variable properties have been obtained so far.This article provides a comprehensive review on the AM of ceramic matrix composites through a systematic evaluation of the capabilities and limitations of each AM technique,with an emphasis on reported results regarding the properties and potentials of AM man-ufactured ceramic matrix composites.展开更多
Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)are considered to be one of the most promising new reinforcements due to their unique two-dimensional structure and remarkable mechanical properties.In addition,their impressive electrical ...Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)are considered to be one of the most promising new reinforcements due to their unique two-dimensional structure and remarkable mechanical properties.In addition,their impressive electrical and thermal properties make them attractive fillers for producing multifunctional ceramics with a wide range of applications.This paper reviews the current status of the research and development of graphene-reinforced ceramic matrix composite(CMC)materials.Firstly,we focused on the processing methods for effective dispersion of GNPs throughout ceramic matrices and the reduction of the porosity of CMC products.Then,the microstructure and mechanical properties are provided,together with an emphasis on the possible toughening mechanisms that may operate.Additionally,the unique functional properties endowed by GNPs,such as enhanced electrical/thermal conductivity,are discussed,with a comprehensive comparison in different ceramic matrices as oxide and nonoxide composites.Finally,the prospects and problems needed to be solved in GNPs-reinforced CMCs are discussed.展开更多
In this work,C_(f)/(CrZrHfNbTa)C-SiC high-entropy ceramic matrix composites with good load-bearing,elec-tromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance were designed and reported for the first time.The compos-ites were ...In this work,C_(f)/(CrZrHfNbTa)C-SiC high-entropy ceramic matrix composites with good load-bearing,elec-tromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance were designed and reported for the first time.The compos-ites were fabricated by an efficient combined processing of slurry infiltration lamination(SIL)and precur-sor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP).Density and porosity of the as-fabricated composites are 2.72 g/cm^(3) and 12.44 vol.%,respectively,and the flexural strength is 185±13 MPa.Due to the carbon fiber rein-forcement with high conductivity and strong reflection,and high-entropy(CrZrHfNbTa)C ceramic matrix with strong absorbability,the total Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency(SET)of the compos-ites with a thickness of 3 mm are as high as 88.2 dB and 90 dB respectively in X-band and Ku-band.This means that higher than 99.999999%electromagnetic shielding is achieved at 8-18 GHz,showing excel-lent electromagnetic shielding performance.The C_(f)/(CrZrHfNbTa)C-SiC composites also present excellent ablation resistance,with the linear and mass ablation rates of 0.9μm/s and 1.82 mg/s after ablation at the heat flux of 5 MW/m^(2) for 300 s(∼2450℃).This work opens a new insight for the synergistic de-sign of structural and functional integrated materials with load-bearing,electromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance,etc.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130204,52174376,52202070,51822405)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120028)+6 种基金TQ Innovation Foundation(No.23-TQ09-02-ZT-01-005)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20220042053001)Science and Technology Innovation Team Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2021TD-17)Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-220)Thousands Person Plan of Jiangxi Province(JXSQ2020102131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.D5000230348,D5000220057)China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206290133,202306290190).
文摘As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.90405015)
文摘A micromechanical model for elastic behavior analysis of angle-interlock woven ceramic composites is proposed in this paper. This model takes into account the actual fabric structure by considering the fiber undulation and continuity in space, the cavities between adjacent yarns and the actual cross-section geometry of the yarn. Based on the laminate theory, the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites are predicted. Different numbers of interlaced wefts have almost the same elastic moduli. The thickness of ceramic matrix has little effect on elastic moduli. When the undulation ratio increases longitudinal modulus decreases and the other Young＇s moduli increase. Good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model in analyzing the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites. The results of this paper verify the fact that the method of analyzing polyester matrix composites is suitable for woven ceramic composites.
文摘The ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramic composites were prepared by appropriate techniques with commercial ZrO2 and Al2O3 powders as raw materials and Y2O3 as stabilizer. The results indicate that with the introduction of Al2O3 into the ZrO2 matrix where the quantity of additive Y2O3 is 3.5% (mole fraction), the growth of ZrO2 grains is efficiently inhibited, which helps the ZrO2 grains exist in a metastable tetragonal manner; thus higher strength and toughness are acquired. When the content of alumina is 20% (mass fraction), the bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites are 676.7 MPa and 10 MPa·m1/2 respectively, the mechanical behaviors are close to those prepared with ZrO2 and Al2O3 powders synthesized through wet chemical approach. The mechanical behaviors of the composites are well improved owing to the dispersion toughening of alumina grains and phase transformation toughening of zirconia grains.
基金supported by the National Science and Technol-ogy Major Project(No.J2019-IV-0003-0070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12202343)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702582).
文摘Porous ceramic composites with directional microchannels from micrometer to dozens of micrometer levels have attracted more and more attention in various fields including aerospace,biomedicines,and thermal insulation due to their excellent fluid permeability,mechanical properties,etc.In this article,we summarize the recent directional porous ceramics developments including their main processing routes and respective properties.Meanwhile,the properties get from different processing routes have been com-pared and analyzed in terms of microstructures,mechanical properties,and permeability.Emphasis has been given to the deeper understanding which can allow one to control the microstructural features of these porous ceramic composites to obtain the desired characteristics.This work can provide a useful reference for the development and application of porous ceramic composites with directional microchan-nels.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20129)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VI-0002-0072)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB1106600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK5290000003)the Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation of USTC(Nos.CY2022G10 and CY2022C24)。
文摘High strength and high toughness are mutually exclusive in structural materials.In ceramic materials,increasing toughness usually depends on the introduction of a ductile phase that reduces the strength and high-temperature stability of the material.In this work,vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used to achieve toughening of ceramic composite material.The friction sliding of the 3D-printed ceramic macrolayer structure results in effective energy dissipation and redistribution of strain in the whole structure,and macroscale toughening of the ceramic material is realized.In addition,the bridging and elongation of the crack in situ amorphous ceramic whiskers were significant microscopic toughening results,coupled with the toughening of the crack tip of nano-ZrO_(2).Multiscale collaborative toughening methods based on 3D-printed ceramics should find wide applications for materials in service at extreme high temperatures.
文摘The fracture toughness (KIC) values determined by indentation microfracture method (IM ) for SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 and ZrO2 based composites were calculated with different IM equations and compared with those obtained by singte edge notched beam (SENB) technique. Experimental results show that the KIC (IM) values calculated with different equations are quite different one from another. For composites without phase transformable components the KIC (IM) and KIC (SENB) values are practically on the same level, but for composites with phase transformable components (partially stabilized zirconia) the KIC (SENB) values are always higher than KIC (IM). This is because that the IM method can not reveal sensitively the toughening effect due to dynamic t-m transformation of ZrO2 as the SENB method does. The accuracy of the IM method depends on the Suitability of the IM equations and was evaluated for the materials used in this investigation. Two new IM equations are suggested with which the KIC (IM ) values can be obtained very close to KIC (SENB) values for composites having phase transformable components.
基金the Natural Science Fundation of Guangxi Province(No.0575104)the Guangxi Education Department Key Fund(No.2003-22)+1 种基金the Guangxi Fund of New Century Qualified Scholars(No.2002210)the National Science Foundation(No.50672016)
文摘Fe-Al intermetallic/TiC-Al2O3 ceramic composites were successfully prepared by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） from natural ilmenite, aluminium and carbon as the raw materials. The effects of carbon sources, preheating time and heat treatment temperature on synthesis process and products were investigated in detail, and the reaction process of the FeTiO3-Al-C system was also discussed. It is shown that the temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are higher when graphite is used as the carbon source, which can reflect the effect of the carbon source structure on the combustion synthesis; Prolonging the preheating time or heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the formation of the ordered intermetallics; The temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are improved, but the disordered alloys are difficult to eliminate with the preheating time prolonged. The compound powders mainly containing ordered Fe3Al intermetallic can be prepared through heat treatment at 750 ℃.
文摘The fracture toughness and fracture work of A12O3/SiC prismatic ceramic composites was evaluated in this paper, which showed the fracture energy was improved greatly. Based on the observation 'for crack propagation and fracture morphology, the fracture behavior of the prismatic composites was analyzed. In the bending test, the composites displayed a non-catastrophic behavior and a graceful failure with reasonable load-carrying capability.
基金supported by the Major Program of Aerospace Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Foundation NSFC and CASC, China (Grant No. U1537204)the Research Fund of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS, China (Grant No. 2014171)
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic （UHTC） composites, consisting of carbon fibers embedded in a UHTC-matrix or a C-SiC-UHTC-matrix, are deemed as the most viable class of materials that can overcome the poor fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance of monolithic UHTC ma- terials, and also improve the oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of C/C and C/SiC composites at ultra-high temperatures. In this review, we summarize the different processing routes of the compos- ites based on the UHTC introducing methods, including chemical vapor infiltration/deposition （CVI/D）, precursor infiltration and pyrolysis （PIP）, reactive melt infiltration （RMI）, slurry infiltration （SI）. in-sito reaction, hot pressing （HP）, etc; and the advantages and drawbacks of each method are briefly dis- cussed. The carbon fiber reinforced UHTC composites can be highly tailorable materials in terms of fiber. interface, and matrix. From the perspective of service environmental applications for engine propul- sions anti hypersonic vehicles, the material designs （mainly focusing on the composition, quantity, structure of matrix, as well as the architecture of carbon fibers, UHTCs and pores）, their relevant processing routes and properties （emphasizing on the mechanical and ablation properties） are discussed in this paper. In addition, we propose a material architecture to realize the multi-function through changing the distri- bution of carbon fibers, UHTCs and pores, which will be an important issue for future development of carbon fiber reinforced UHTC composites.
基金S&T Project No.2006B14601004,Guangdong ProvinceS&T Project No.62047,Educational Bureau,Guanzhou City Fund of Natural Science,Guangdong Province(No.05001885)
文摘Based on the model of multi-layer beam and the assumption of micro-inhomogeneity of material, the 3D fractural characteristics of laminated ceramic composites have been studied with numerical simulation. Under three-point bending load, crack initiation, coalescence, propagation, tuning off in the weak interface and final rupture have been simulated. The spatial distribution and evolution process of acoustic emission are also presented in the paper. The simulation verifies the primary mechanism of the weak interface inducing the crack to expand along there and absorbing the fractural energy. The disciplinary significance of the effect of strength and properties of material on the toughness and strength of laminated ceramic composites is, therefore, discussed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.12072143)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(grant no.ZDSYS20210623092005017)the Stable Support Plan Program of Shenzhen Natural Science Fund(grant no.20200925155345003).
文摘Digital light processing(DLP)is a high-speed,high-precision 3-dimensional(3D)printing technique gaining traction in the fabrication of ceramic composites.However,when printing 0-3 composites containing lead zirconate titanate(PZT)particles,a widely used piezoelectric ceramic,severe density and refractive index mismatches between the 2 phases pose challenges for ink synthesis and the printing process.Here,we systematically and quantitatively optimized DLP printing of PZT composites,streamlining process development and providing a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for broader applications of DLP technology.PZT particles were pretreated with air plasma to improve slurry uniformity and enhance stress transfer at the composite interface,leading to improved chemical modification,mechanical strength,and piezoelectric properties.We investigated the effects of key process parameters on printability and accuracy by analyzing the curing behavior of PZT–polymer composites.A quantitative model of the DLP curing process was introduced.Unlike stereolithography(SLA),DLP curing depth was found to depend on energy dose and light intensity,with higher intensities proving more favorable for printing 0-3 PZT composites.From depth/width–energy curves,optimal process parameters were determined.We designed and fabricated a soft piezoelectric metamaterial-based touch sensor using these parameters,achieving a customized output profile.This work offers critical insights into optimizing DLP for functional materials and expands the potential of 3D-printed piezoelectric composites.
基金supported by Key Laboratory of Higheffciency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture at Shandong University,Ministry of Education,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52305484,52305475,and U23A20632)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761876)+7 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Program of Universities in Shandong Province(No.2024KJH166)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2413301)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tsqn202408242)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2022QE053 and ZR2022QE159)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515111124)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC010207)the Major Basic Research of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2023ZD34)the talent research project for the pilot project of integrating science,education,and industries of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(No.2024RCKY009)。
文摘Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs)are the preferred materials for safety critical components in the fields of aerospace,nuclear engineering,and transportation,with broad market and application prospects.However,due to the characteristics of multiphase,heterogeneity,and anisotropy,key issues such as poor adhesion,high porosity,and crack propagation urgently need to be addressed in the fabrication and machining of FRCMCs.With the increasing demand for FRCMCs parts,high-quality and reliable design and fabrication,performance evaluation,and precision manufacturing have become a series of hot issues.There is a lack of systematic review in capturing the current research status and development direction of FRCMCs fabrication and machining.This research aims to comprehensively review and critically evaluate the existing understanding of the fabrication and machining of FRCMCs.This study can provide scientists with a deeper understanding of the shape control mechanism of FRCMCs fabrication and machining,the theoretical basis of material synchronous removal,machining performance,and development direction.Firstly,the basic characteristics and application background of FRCMCs are introduced.Secondly,by comparing and analyzing the typical fabrication process of FRCMCs,the advantages,disadvantages,and performance evaluation of different processes are comprehensively evaluated.Thirdly,the material removal mechanisms and machining performance evaluation standards of traditional mechanical machining technologies(drilling,milling,grinding)and non-traditional mechanical machining technologies(ultrasonic,laser,water jet,discharge,wire saw,and multi-field hybrid machining)are discussed and analyzed.Finally,the challenges,development trends,and prospects faced by FRCMCs in the fields of fabrication,machining,and application are analyzed.This study not only elucidates the basic processes and key difficulties in the fabrication of FRCMCs,but also provides valuable insights for low-damage machining.
基金supported by the Agency for Defense Development Grant Funded by the Korean Government(Grant No.912822501).
文摘Unmanned combat aerial vehicles require lightweight,stealth-capable exhaust systems.However,traditional metallic nozzles increase radar detectability and reduce range,while advanced composites offer high performance but are expensive.Therefore,to improve the operational range and survivability of unmanned combat aerial vehicles,a lightweight,high-temperature-resistant,oxidation-resistant,and low-observable composite exhaust nozzle is developed to replace conventional metallic straight-type nozzles.The nozzle features a double serpentine shape to reduce radar and infrared signatures and is manufactured as a monolithic structure using the filament winding process,accommodating the complex geometry and large size(length:1.8 m,width:0.8 m).The exhaust nozzle consists of a ceramic matrix composite made of silicon carbide fibers and a silicon oxycarbide matrix,which absorbs and scatters radio frequency signals while withstanding prolonged exposure to high-temperature(700℃)oxidizing environments typical of engine exhaust gases.The polysiloxane resin used to produce the silicon oxycarbide matrix poses significant challenges owing to its low tackiness and high viscosity variations depending on the presence of nanoparticles,making filament winding difficult.These challenges are addressed by optimizing resin viscosity and winding pattern design.As a result,the tensile strength of the composite specimens fabricated with the optimized viscosity increases by 228.03% before pyrolysis and 97.68%after pyrolysis,compared with that of the non-optimized specimens.In addition,the density and tensile strength of the composite processed via three cycles of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis increased by 13.08% and 80.37%,respectively,compared to those of the non-densified composite.High-temperature oxidation and flame tests demonstrate exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.Furthermore,when compared with carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites,the developed composite exhibits a permittivity at least two levels lower and a reflection loss below7 dB within the frequency range of 9.3-10.9 GHz,underscoring its superior electromagnetic stealth performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0700705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51590893).
文摘Graphene with excellent comprehensive properties has been considered as a promising filler to reinforce ceramics.While numerous studies have been devoted to the improvement of mechanical and electrical properties,incorporating graphene to ceramics also offers new opportunities for endowing ceramics with versatility.In this review,the recent development of graphene/ceramic bulk composites is summarized with the focus on the construction of well-designed architecture and the realization of multifunctional applications.The processing technologies of the composites are systematically summarized towards homogeneous dispersion and even ordered orientation of graphene sheets in the ceramic matrix.The improvement of composites in mechanical,electrical,electromagnetic,and thermal performances is discussed.The novel multifunctional applications brought by smart integration of graphene in ceramics are also addressed,including microwave absorption,electromagnetic interference shielding,ballistic armors,self-monitor damage sensors,and energy storage and conversion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51075204)the Graduate Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province(CX08B-133Z)the Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(BCXJ08-05)~~
文摘The two-parameter Weibull model is used to describe the fiber strength distribution.The stress carried by the intact and fracture fibers on the matrix crack plane during unloading/reloading is determined based on the global load sharing criterion.The axial stress distribution of intact fibers upon unloading and reloading is determined based on the mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in the interface debonded region.The interface debonded length,unloading interface counter slip length,and reloading interface new slip length are obtained by the fracture mechanics approach.The hysteresis loops corresponding to different stresses considering fiber failure are compared with the cases without considering fiber failure.The effects of fiber characteristic strength and fiber Weibull modulus on the fiber failure,the shape,and the area of the hysteresis loops are analyzed.The predicted quasi-static unloading/reloading hysteresis loops agree well with experimental data.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073299 and U23A20563)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1455700)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Advances in the study of structural ceramic materials have revealed new perspectives and opportunities,with an increasing emphasis on incorporating biomimicry concepts.Carbide ceramics with anisotropic crystal structures—such as silicon carbide—exhibit superior properties,including high modulus,high-temperature resistance,wear resistance,and high thermal conductivity,making them ideal structural materials.The implementation of biomimetic texturing techniques can enhance their performance along specific orientations,thereby expanding their potential for use in more rigorous environments and endowing them with integrated structural and functional characteristics.This review provides an overview of commonly textured biological materials and discusses their performance.It emphasizes the techniques used to prepare anisotropic carbide ceramics and anisotropic carbide ceramic composites—such as strong external field induction(hot working under uniaxial pressure,casting technologies within magnetic alignment,etc.),template methods(biotemplating,ice templating,etc.),and three-dimensional printing technologies(direct ink writing,stereolithography,etc.)—focusing on the work of researchers within the structural ceramic community,summarizing the current challenges in the preparation of anisotropic carbide ceramic composites,and providing insight into their future development and application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975368)。
文摘Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites(FRCMCs-SiC)are currently the preferred material for hot section components,safety–critical components and braking components(in the aerospace,energy,transportation)with high value,and have triggered the demand for machining.However,the high brittleness,anisotropy,and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining,due to high mechanical and thermal loads,severe tool wear,and poor machining quality.With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts,high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue.This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC.The material removal mechanism,defect form,and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized.The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced,and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared.Given the low machinability(high hardness,high brittleness,anisotropy,and heterogeneity)of FRCMCs-SiC,preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear,improving machining quality and machining efficiency.The machined surface integrity was discussed,the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed,and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized.But for FRCMCs-SiC,the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.
基金This work was supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Nos.KQTD20190929172505711,20200925155544005)The author(Ji Zou)gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52022072)This work was also supported by Shenzhen International Collaboration Programme(No.GJHZ20200731095606021).The authors acknowledge the assistance of SUSTech Core Research Facilities.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)has enabled the production of highly customized,geometrically complex and functionalized parts with significantly improved properties and functionality,compared to single-phase ceramic components.It also opens up a new way to shape damage-tolerant ceramic composites with co-continuous phase reinforcement inspired by natural ma-terials.Nowadays,a large variety of AM techniques has been successfully applied to fabricate CMCs,but variable properties have been obtained so far.This article provides a comprehensive review on the AM of ceramic matrix composites through a systematic evaluation of the capabilities and limitations of each AM technique,with an emphasis on reported results regarding the properties and potentials of AM man-ufactured ceramic matrix composites.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51432004 and 51672041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232018G-07)+2 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2017-01-07-00-03-E00025)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT_16R13)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.17YF1400400)。
文摘Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)are considered to be one of the most promising new reinforcements due to their unique two-dimensional structure and remarkable mechanical properties.In addition,their impressive electrical and thermal properties make them attractive fillers for producing multifunctional ceramics with a wide range of applications.This paper reviews the current status of the research and development of graphene-reinforced ceramic matrix composite(CMC)materials.Firstly,we focused on the processing methods for effective dispersion of GNPs throughout ceramic matrices and the reduction of the porosity of CMC products.Then,the microstructure and mechanical properties are provided,together with an emphasis on the possible toughening mechanisms that may operate.Additionally,the unique functional properties endowed by GNPs,such as enhanced electrical/thermal conductivity,are discussed,with a comprehensive comparison in different ceramic matrices as oxide and nonoxide composites.Finally,the prospects and problems needed to be solved in GNPs-reinforced CMCs are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2022YFB3707700)Program of Shang-hai Academic/Technology Research Leader(no.23XD1424300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52332003).
文摘In this work,C_(f)/(CrZrHfNbTa)C-SiC high-entropy ceramic matrix composites with good load-bearing,elec-tromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance were designed and reported for the first time.The compos-ites were fabricated by an efficient combined processing of slurry infiltration lamination(SIL)and precur-sor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP).Density and porosity of the as-fabricated composites are 2.72 g/cm^(3) and 12.44 vol.%,respectively,and the flexural strength is 185±13 MPa.Due to the carbon fiber rein-forcement with high conductivity and strong reflection,and high-entropy(CrZrHfNbTa)C ceramic matrix with strong absorbability,the total Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency(SET)of the compos-ites with a thickness of 3 mm are as high as 88.2 dB and 90 dB respectively in X-band and Ku-band.This means that higher than 99.999999%electromagnetic shielding is achieved at 8-18 GHz,showing excel-lent electromagnetic shielding performance.The C_(f)/(CrZrHfNbTa)C-SiC composites also present excellent ablation resistance,with the linear and mass ablation rates of 0.9μm/s and 1.82 mg/s after ablation at the heat flux of 5 MW/m^(2) for 300 s(∼2450℃).This work opens a new insight for the synergistic de-sign of structural and functional integrated materials with load-bearing,electromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance,etc.
