By using top-down methods, periodizing exclusively along the Arab-Zionist conflict and basing on either Hebrew or Arab primary sources, leading scholars tend to ignore the existence of popular local identity shared by...By using top-down methods, periodizing exclusively along the Arab-Zionist conflict and basing on either Hebrew or Arab primary sources, leading scholars tend to ignore the existence of popular local identity shared by Jews and Arabs in center Palestine during late 19th-early 20th century. To explore this identity this paper suggests using history from below methods i.e. history of average citizens that looks into many individual＇s multi-dimensional life-experiences, particularly in Palestine mix areas, and based it on both Hebrew and Arabic sources. Through history from below this paper shows that joint Jewish-Arab local identity prevailed prior to the establishment of Jewish or Palestinian national movement and afterwards existed along with them till it was defeated by the escalating national conflict.展开更多
The Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)has launched the 2026 Time-Honored Brands Carnival,a nationwide year-long initiative to showcase both national iconsand local heritage brands.The campaign will beprominently featured du...The Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)has launched the 2026 Time-Honored Brands Carnival,a nationwide year-long initiative to showcase both national iconsand local heritage brands.The campaign will beprominently featured during traditional festivals,national holidays and major exhibitions,aimingto amplify the supply of high-quality productsand services and better fulfill the public's aspiration for better quality of life.展开更多
Despite the geographic distance between China and the Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)region,relations between the two sides date back centuries.As early as the 16th century,Nao de China,or Ships of China,shuttled...Despite the geographic distance between China and the Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)region,relations between the two sides date back centuries.As early as the 16th century,Nao de China,or Ships of China,shuttled across the Pacific,marking the dawn of their interaction and exchange.From the 1960s onward,as China established diplomatic ties with multiple LAC countries,exchange and cooperation intensified.展开更多
After the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907,China experienced a period of division with the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms(wudaishiguo五代十国),followed by the Song,Liao,Jin,and Western Xia dynasties.Eventually,the Yua...After the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907,China experienced a period of division with the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms(wudaishiguo五代十国),followed by the Song,Liao,Jin,and Western Xia dynasties.Eventually,the Yuan dynasty,established by the Mongols in 1276,achieved a larger-scale unification.In understanding Chinese history from the 10th to 13th centuries,the"Tang-Song Transformation Theory"(tangsong biangelun唐宋变革论)and"The Contest Dynasty Theory"(zhengfu wangchaolun征服王朝论)remain mainstream in international Chinese studies and are widely accepted and used by Chinese scholars.To move beyond these theoretical frameworks and the deeper"Empire-Nation-State"(diguo-minzu guojia帝国-民族国家)dichotomy,it is essential to re-examine the"national history-ethnic history"(guobieshi-minzushi国别史-民族史)research framework in contemporary Chinese historical studies,without making"Minzu"(民族)the natural subject of Chinese historical narrative.Instead,we should return to traditional Chinese concepts of statehood and explore the foundational basis for the formation of large political communities in Chinese history.From the perspective of the reformation of traditional Chinese views on statehood accommodating new historical changes,we will see that"conquest dynasties"entered,joined,and ultimately expanded and consolidated China through"conquest,"resulting in both a"rupture"and a leap in Chinese history,initiating a new historical process that integrates"all under heaven"(tianxia天下)into"China."展开更多
As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering...As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering amidst twists and turns,with insufficient growth momentum and diverging development trends.Meanwhile,profound structural changes are reshaping the global economic landscape.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,most notably the explosive development of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI),is generating new industries,business models,and drivers of growth,while exerting far-reaching influence on the global division of labor,employment structures,and even international norms.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics i...Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.展开更多
The monograph is a revised version of the author's doctoral thesis completed at Leiden University in 2018.Published 4 years later by Brill,a prestigious international academic press in the Netherlands,as the newes...The monograph is a revised version of the author's doctoral thesis completed at Leiden University in 2018.Published 4 years later by Brill,a prestigious international academic press in the Netherlands,as the newest study discussing the Roman dinning culture,it particularly deserves the attention of the Chinese readers.展开更多
TEA is a necessity in Chinese life. According to historical records the Chinese had already learned how to plant and bake tea more than 2,000 years ago. Sipping tea has always been a favorite Chinese tradition. To the...TEA is a necessity in Chinese life. According to historical records the Chinese had already learned how to plant and bake tea more than 2,000 years ago. Sipping tea has always been a favorite Chinese tradition. To the south of the Changjiang River is a region with good irrigation and a climate favorable for growing tea: it is cool at night and often misty. Zhejiang Province is a well-known tea production area, and the famous Longjing Tea is solely produced along the West Lake in Hangzhou, capital of the province. Tea is produced in four areas of China:展开更多
Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of tra...Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of traditional wisdom and modern agricultural technology-a living narrative of agricultural progress that connects the past to the present.展开更多
CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This f...CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This form of art originated in the Arab world and was introduced to China during the late Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368),and since then it has become a favorite of the country’s emperors.展开更多
Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to p...Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to pathologize the bodies-particularly the crania,epidermis,and reproductive organs-of American Indians,African Americans,and East Asians.Methods:Drawing on medical texts,ethnographic accounts,and the writings of proslavery and colonial ideologues,the essay explores how perceptions of diminished pain sensitivity were used to justify settler colonialism,slavery,and imperialism from the period of Indian Removal to the expansion of the Cotton Kingdom and the Opium Wars.Results:Practices such as cranial deformation,parturient pain,surgical endurance,skin experiments,and foot binding,were racialized to support claims of biological inferiority and moral deficiency.Conclusion:Integrating insights from the history and philosophy of science and medicine,and phenomenology,the essay demonstrates how pain was not only a medical concern but a political feeling-central to the denial of full humanity to racialized populations.展开更多
Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have ...Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have witnessed a number of notable transformational shifts such as the transition to personal computers and then mobile era.展开更多
You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where peop...You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.展开更多
Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts pl...Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts played a crucial role in the country's economic devel⁃opment.At that time,coffee plantations thrived(繁荣)in the Central Valley.As coffee was mainly for ex⁃port,it needed to be transported to the Pacific coast.Oxcarts were the ideal choice as they could cross mountains and muddy roads.The journey from the Central Valley to the coast took 10-15 days.In addition to serving as a vehicle for transporting crops,oxcarts were often the only means of transportation for lower⁃income families.展开更多
The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly infl...The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly influence contemporary and future educational reforms.The 21st century is an era of information and artificial intelligence,with the third major transformation undergoing in the field of education.Compared to the era in which Tao Xingzhi lived,China has experienced tremendous changes in its social structure and educational system.Therefore,to adapt to the requirements of this new era,the theory of"Life and Practiceeducation has emerged by inheriting and developing Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education.The core goal of"Life and Practice"education is to address the disconnect between education and life,school and society,and teaching and practice.展开更多
文摘By using top-down methods, periodizing exclusively along the Arab-Zionist conflict and basing on either Hebrew or Arab primary sources, leading scholars tend to ignore the existence of popular local identity shared by Jews and Arabs in center Palestine during late 19th-early 20th century. To explore this identity this paper suggests using history from below methods i.e. history of average citizens that looks into many individual＇s multi-dimensional life-experiences, particularly in Palestine mix areas, and based it on both Hebrew and Arabic sources. Through history from below this paper shows that joint Jewish-Arab local identity prevailed prior to the establishment of Jewish or Palestinian national movement and afterwards existed along with them till it was defeated by the escalating national conflict.
文摘The Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)has launched the 2026 Time-Honored Brands Carnival,a nationwide year-long initiative to showcase both national iconsand local heritage brands.The campaign will beprominently featured during traditional festivals,national holidays and major exhibitions,aimingto amplify the supply of high-quality productsand services and better fulfill the public's aspiration for better quality of life.
文摘Despite the geographic distance between China and the Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)region,relations between the two sides date back centuries.As early as the 16th century,Nao de China,or Ships of China,shuttled across the Pacific,marking the dawn of their interaction and exchange.From the 1960s onward,as China established diplomatic ties with multiple LAC countries,exchange and cooperation intensified.
文摘After the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907,China experienced a period of division with the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms(wudaishiguo五代十国),followed by the Song,Liao,Jin,and Western Xia dynasties.Eventually,the Yuan dynasty,established by the Mongols in 1276,achieved a larger-scale unification.In understanding Chinese history from the 10th to 13th centuries,the"Tang-Song Transformation Theory"(tangsong biangelun唐宋变革论)and"The Contest Dynasty Theory"(zhengfu wangchaolun征服王朝论)remain mainstream in international Chinese studies and are widely accepted and used by Chinese scholars.To move beyond these theoretical frameworks and the deeper"Empire-Nation-State"(diguo-minzu guojia帝国-民族国家)dichotomy,it is essential to re-examine the"national history-ethnic history"(guobieshi-minzushi国别史-民族史)research framework in contemporary Chinese historical studies,without making"Minzu"(民族)the natural subject of Chinese historical narrative.Instead,we should return to traditional Chinese concepts of statehood and explore the foundational basis for the formation of large political communities in Chinese history.From the perspective of the reformation of traditional Chinese views on statehood accommodating new historical changes,we will see that"conquest dynasties"entered,joined,and ultimately expanded and consolidated China through"conquest,"resulting in both a"rupture"and a leap in Chinese history,initiating a new historical process that integrates"all under heaven"(tianxia天下)into"China."
文摘As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering amidst twists and turns,with insufficient growth momentum and diverging development trends.Meanwhile,profound structural changes are reshaping the global economic landscape.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,most notably the explosive development of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI),is generating new industries,business models,and drivers of growth,while exerting far-reaching influence on the global division of labor,employment structures,and even international norms.
基金the National Research Foundation of South Africa(No.PMDS230608115010)the University of Fort Hare Postgraduate Office for their financial support awarded to Vuyo Qasha。
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.
文摘The monograph is a revised version of the author's doctoral thesis completed at Leiden University in 2018.Published 4 years later by Brill,a prestigious international academic press in the Netherlands,as the newest study discussing the Roman dinning culture,it particularly deserves the attention of the Chinese readers.
文摘TEA is a necessity in Chinese life. According to historical records the Chinese had already learned how to plant and bake tea more than 2,000 years ago. Sipping tea has always been a favorite Chinese tradition. To the south of the Changjiang River is a region with good irrigation and a climate favorable for growing tea: it is cool at night and often misty. Zhejiang Province is a well-known tea production area, and the famous Longjing Tea is solely produced along the West Lake in Hangzhou, capital of the province. Tea is produced in four areas of China:
文摘Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of traditional wisdom and modern agricultural technology-a living narrative of agricultural progress that connects the past to the present.
文摘CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This form of art originated in the Arab world and was introduced to China during the late Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368),and since then it has become a favorite of the country’s emperors.
文摘Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to pathologize the bodies-particularly the crania,epidermis,and reproductive organs-of American Indians,African Americans,and East Asians.Methods:Drawing on medical texts,ethnographic accounts,and the writings of proslavery and colonial ideologues,the essay explores how perceptions of diminished pain sensitivity were used to justify settler colonialism,slavery,and imperialism from the period of Indian Removal to the expansion of the Cotton Kingdom and the Opium Wars.Results:Practices such as cranial deformation,parturient pain,surgical endurance,skin experiments,and foot binding,were racialized to support claims of biological inferiority and moral deficiency.Conclusion:Integrating insights from the history and philosophy of science and medicine,and phenomenology,the essay demonstrates how pain was not only a medical concern but a political feeling-central to the denial of full humanity to racialized populations.
文摘Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have witnessed a number of notable transformational shifts such as the transition to personal computers and then mobile era.
文摘You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.
文摘Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts played a crucial role in the country's economic devel⁃opment.At that time,coffee plantations thrived(繁荣)in the Central Valley.As coffee was mainly for ex⁃port,it needed to be transported to the Pacific coast.Oxcarts were the ideal choice as they could cross mountains and muddy roads.The journey from the Central Valley to the coast took 10-15 days.In addition to serving as a vehicle for transporting crops,oxcarts were often the only means of transportation for lower⁃income families.
文摘The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly influence contemporary and future educational reforms.The 21st century is an era of information and artificial intelligence,with the third major transformation undergoing in the field of education.Compared to the era in which Tao Xingzhi lived,China has experienced tremendous changes in its social structure and educational system.Therefore,to adapt to the requirements of this new era,the theory of"Life and Practiceeducation has emerged by inheriting and developing Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education.The core goal of"Life and Practice"education is to address the disconnect between education and life,school and society,and teaching and practice.
