Maturity period is a critical trait in soybean breeding and determines the particularly ecological region of a cultivar.In present study,118 soybean varieties spanning three artificial breeding periods(1923-1970,the e...Maturity period is a critical trait in soybean breeding and determines the particularly ecological region of a cultivar.In present study,118 soybean varieties spanning three artificial breeding periods(1923-1970,the early breeding period;1971-1990,the mid-breeding period;and 1991-2010,the current breeding period)in northeast China were selected.Fourteen DNA-specified markers including cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences(CAPS),derived CAPS(d CAPS)and fragment length polymorphism(FLP)markers were filtered to analyze the genetic diversity from E1 to E4.The results were as the followings:the soybean varieties with more gene frequencies showed more gene diversities.Among the E genes,E1 and E3 genes showed more allelic diversities than E2,and E4 only had diversity in the early breeding period.During the artificial process,some alleles of E genes disappeared and some new ones were generated.More gene diversities were observed in soybean germplasms,and new excellent germplasms could be explored to improve yield traits in artificial breeding programs.Furthermore,six different E gene combinations were observed in the early breeding period,five in the mid-breeding period and 11 in the current breeding period.Three elite genotypes were identified through a century artificial selection,while new genotypes were also found in different breeding periods.Of them,e1-nle2e3-tr E4 was a new soybean genotype of extremely early maturity in the current breeding period,which was widely suitable for planting in 00 and 000 maturity groups.Moreover,significant correlation was found between E2 and E3,suggesting that light length and light quality were two key factors for soybean maturity in northeast China.The understanding of the E genes variation underlying soybean maturity could facilitate the procession to breed elite varieties adapted for diverse regions.展开更多
As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering...As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering amidst twists and turns,with insufficient growth momentum and diverging development trends.Meanwhile,profound structural changes are reshaping the global economic landscape.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,most notably the explosive development of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI),is generating new industries,business models,and drivers of growth,while exerting far-reaching influence on the global division of labor,employment structures,and even international norms.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics i...Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.展开更多
Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to p...Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to pathologize the bodies-particularly the crania,epidermis,and reproductive organs-of American Indians,African Americans,and East Asians.Methods:Drawing on medical texts,ethnographic accounts,and the writings of proslavery and colonial ideologues,the essay explores how perceptions of diminished pain sensitivity were used to justify settler colonialism,slavery,and imperialism from the period of Indian Removal to the expansion of the Cotton Kingdom and the Opium Wars.Results:Practices such as cranial deformation,parturient pain,surgical endurance,skin experiments,and foot binding,were racialized to support claims of biological inferiority and moral deficiency.Conclusion:Integrating insights from the history and philosophy of science and medicine,and phenomenology,the essay demonstrates how pain was not only a medical concern but a political feeling-central to the denial of full humanity to racialized populations.展开更多
Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have ...Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have witnessed a number of notable transformational shifts such as the transition to personal computers and then mobile era.展开更多
You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where peop...You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.展开更多
Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts pl...Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts played a crucial role in the country's economic devel⁃opment.At that time,coffee plantations thrived(繁荣)in the Central Valley.As coffee was mainly for ex⁃port,it needed to be transported to the Pacific coast.Oxcarts were the ideal choice as they could cross mountains and muddy roads.The journey from the Central Valley to the coast took 10-15 days.In addition to serving as a vehicle for transporting crops,oxcarts were often the only means of transportation for lower⁃income families.展开更多
The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly infl...The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly influence contemporary and future educational reforms.The 21st century is an era of information and artificial intelligence,with the third major transformation undergoing in the field of education.Compared to the era in which Tao Xingzhi lived,China has experienced tremendous changes in its social structure and educational system.Therefore,to adapt to the requirements of this new era,the theory of"Life and Practiceeducation has emerged by inheriting and developing Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education.The core goal of"Life and Practice"education is to address the disconnect between education and life,school and society,and teaching and practice.展开更多
Wheat is one of the primary grain crops in China and is widely cultivated.Successful cultivation requires careful selection of varieties,seeding,fertilization,and pest control to ensure adequate nutrient absorption by...Wheat is one of the primary grain crops in China and is widely cultivated.Successful cultivation requires careful selection of varieties,seeding,fertilization,and pest control to ensure adequate nutrient absorption by roots and improve lodging resistance and disease tolerance.This study investigated the cultivation techniques of the wheat variety New Century 999,and examined its growth stage characteristics and cultivation requirements.The analysis identifies challenges in its cultivation and provides recommendations for pre-sowing preparation,land preparation,seeding,fertilization,and management practices in both winter and spring.展开更多
The city of São Paulo in Brazil has many Japanese restaurants.Meanwhile,in Hamamatsu,Japan,there are also many places to eat Brazilian food.Why is each country’s food so popular in the other?The answer goes back...The city of São Paulo in Brazil has many Japanese restaurants.Meanwhile,in Hamamatsu,Japan,there are also many places to eat Brazilian food.Why is each country’s food so popular in the other?The answer goes back to the early 20th century.展开更多
Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of tra...Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of traditional wisdom and modern agricultural technology-a living narrative of agricultural progress that connects the past to the present.展开更多
CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This f...CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This form of art originated in the Arab world and was introduced to China during the late Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368),and since then it has become a favorite of the country’s emperors.展开更多
Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codi...Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codification.The shaping hands of the ancient codifiers and those of the medieval,early modern and 19th century jurists on Roman private law and the related legal discourses have been identified and studied at length.However,a real shift to discover the ways in which Roman private law became formed and was practiced has not been undertaken in comprehensive manner until the publication of the Handbook of Roman Private Law which is reviewed in the following from the perspective of an ancient historian.展开更多
On 12 March 2025,the Exchange Event“Reading China in Cambodia”under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at the Cambodia 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Research Centre of the Royal Un...On 12 March 2025,the Exchange Event“Reading China in Cambodia”under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at the Cambodia 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Research Centre of the Royal University of Phnom Penh(RUPP).Through sharing their views and cases,participants jointly discussed upon the rich connotation of the whole-process democracy of China.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Nature Scienceof China(31571693)the National Soybean Industrial Technology System(CARS-04-04B)。
文摘Maturity period is a critical trait in soybean breeding and determines the particularly ecological region of a cultivar.In present study,118 soybean varieties spanning three artificial breeding periods(1923-1970,the early breeding period;1971-1990,the mid-breeding period;and 1991-2010,the current breeding period)in northeast China were selected.Fourteen DNA-specified markers including cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences(CAPS),derived CAPS(d CAPS)and fragment length polymorphism(FLP)markers were filtered to analyze the genetic diversity from E1 to E4.The results were as the followings:the soybean varieties with more gene frequencies showed more gene diversities.Among the E genes,E1 and E3 genes showed more allelic diversities than E2,and E4 only had diversity in the early breeding period.During the artificial process,some alleles of E genes disappeared and some new ones were generated.More gene diversities were observed in soybean germplasms,and new excellent germplasms could be explored to improve yield traits in artificial breeding programs.Furthermore,six different E gene combinations were observed in the early breeding period,five in the mid-breeding period and 11 in the current breeding period.Three elite genotypes were identified through a century artificial selection,while new genotypes were also found in different breeding periods.Of them,e1-nle2e3-tr E4 was a new soybean genotype of extremely early maturity in the current breeding period,which was widely suitable for planting in 00 and 000 maturity groups.Moreover,significant correlation was found between E2 and E3,suggesting that light length and light quality were two key factors for soybean maturity in northeast China.The understanding of the E genes variation underlying soybean maturity could facilitate the procession to breed elite varieties adapted for diverse regions.
文摘As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at a faster pace,the world economy enters into a new phase of turbulence and transformation.Under the continuous impact of multiple shocks,the world economy is recovering amidst twists and turns,with insufficient growth momentum and diverging development trends.Meanwhile,profound structural changes are reshaping the global economic landscape.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,most notably the explosive development of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI),is generating new industries,business models,and drivers of growth,while exerting far-reaching influence on the global division of labor,employment structures,and even international norms.
基金the National Research Foundation of South Africa(No.PMDS230608115010)the University of Fort Hare Postgraduate Office for their financial support awarded to Vuyo Qasha。
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.
文摘Background:This essay examines how nineteenth-century Anglo-American physicians and scientists constructed racial hierarchies through theories of pain insensitivity,advancing the notion of“organic insensibility”to pathologize the bodies-particularly the crania,epidermis,and reproductive organs-of American Indians,African Americans,and East Asians.Methods:Drawing on medical texts,ethnographic accounts,and the writings of proslavery and colonial ideologues,the essay explores how perceptions of diminished pain sensitivity were used to justify settler colonialism,slavery,and imperialism from the period of Indian Removal to the expansion of the Cotton Kingdom and the Opium Wars.Results:Practices such as cranial deformation,parturient pain,surgical endurance,skin experiments,and foot binding,were racialized to support claims of biological inferiority and moral deficiency.Conclusion:Integrating insights from the history and philosophy of science and medicine,and phenomenology,the essay demonstrates how pain was not only a medical concern but a political feeling-central to the denial of full humanity to racialized populations.
文摘Amongst all the scientific achievements in the 20th century,no single invention has impacted our lives more profoundly than the transistors,or semiconductors.Since we entered the era of computing in the 1960s,we have witnessed a number of notable transformational shifts such as the transition to personal computers and then mobile era.
文摘You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.
文摘Costa Rica,a country in Central America,is well known for its unique oxcarts,which are deeply rooted in its history and culture and are rich sources of artistic tradition.Dating back to the mid⁃19th century,oxcarts played a crucial role in the country's economic devel⁃opment.At that time,coffee plantations thrived(繁荣)in the Central Valley.As coffee was mainly for ex⁃port,it needed to be transported to the Pacific coast.Oxcarts were the ideal choice as they could cross mountains and muddy roads.The journey from the Central Valley to the coast took 10-15 days.In addition to serving as a vehicle for transporting crops,oxcarts were often the only means of transportation for lower⁃income families.
文摘The theory of"Life and Practice"education was developed based on Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education from the early 20th century.Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education continues to profoundly influence contemporary and future educational reforms.The 21st century is an era of information and artificial intelligence,with the third major transformation undergoing in the field of education.Compared to the era in which Tao Xingzhi lived,China has experienced tremendous changes in its social structure and educational system.Therefore,to adapt to the requirements of this new era,the theory of"Life and Practiceeducation has emerged by inheriting and developing Tao Xingzhi's theory of life education.The core goal of"Life and Practice"education is to address the disconnect between education and life,school and society,and teaching and practice.
基金Supported by the Fuyang Normal University-Fuyang City Local Cooperation Science and Technology Special Project(SXHZ202205).
文摘Wheat is one of the primary grain crops in China and is widely cultivated.Successful cultivation requires careful selection of varieties,seeding,fertilization,and pest control to ensure adequate nutrient absorption by roots and improve lodging resistance and disease tolerance.This study investigated the cultivation techniques of the wheat variety New Century 999,and examined its growth stage characteristics and cultivation requirements.The analysis identifies challenges in its cultivation and provides recommendations for pre-sowing preparation,land preparation,seeding,fertilization,and management practices in both winter and spring.
文摘The city of São Paulo in Brazil has many Japanese restaurants.Meanwhile,in Hamamatsu,Japan,there are also many places to eat Brazilian food.Why is each country’s food so popular in the other?The answer goes back to the early 20th century.
文摘Youth representatives from 13 countries gathered in Jinshan Peach Orchard,where a local farmer introduced them to the centuriesold history of flat peach cultivation.Through their lenses,they documented a fusion of traditional wisdom and modern agricultural technology-a living narrative of agricultural progress that connects the past to the present.
文摘CHINESE Cloisonneis the centuries-old handicraft of creating designs on copper bodies with colored-enamel placed within divisions made of copper wires,which are bent to follow the outline of decorative patterns.This form of art originated in the Arab world and was introduced to China during the late Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368),and since then it has become a favorite of the country’s emperors.
文摘Law is all but not known for innovation.This is also true for studies in Roman private law,which have followed a system that is imagined to derive from the 2nd century AD jurist Gaius and late antique Justinianic codification.The shaping hands of the ancient codifiers and those of the medieval,early modern and 19th century jurists on Roman private law and the related legal discourses have been identified and studied at length.However,a real shift to discover the ways in which Roman private law became formed and was practiced has not been undertaken in comprehensive manner until the publication of the Handbook of Roman Private Law which is reviewed in the following from the perspective of an ancient historian.
文摘On 12 March 2025,the Exchange Event“Reading China in Cambodia”under the Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was held at the Cambodia 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Research Centre of the Royal University of Phnom Penh(RUPP).Through sharing their views and cases,participants jointly discussed upon the rich connotation of the whole-process democracy of China.
