Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recov...Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.展开更多
The dense integration of residential distributed photovoltaic(PV)systems into three-phase,four-wire low-voltage(LV)distribution networks results in reverse power flow and three-phase imbalance,leading to voltage viola...The dense integration of residential distributed photovoltaic(PV)systems into three-phase,four-wire low-voltage(LV)distribution networks results in reverse power flow and three-phase imbalance,leading to voltage violations that hinder the growth of rural distributed PV systems.Traditional voltage droop-based control methods regulate PV power output solely based on local voltage measurements at the point of PV connection.Due to a lack of global coordination and optimization,their efficiency is often subpar.This paper presents a centralized coordinated active/reactive power control strategy for PV inverters in rural LV distribution feeders with high PV penetration.The strategy optimizes residential PV inverter reactive and active power control to enhance voltage quality.It uses sensitivity coefficients derived from the inverse Jacobian matrix to assign adjustment weights to individual PV units and iteratively optimize their power outputs.The control sequence prioritizes reactive power increases;if the coefficients are below average or the inverters reach capacity,active power is curtailed until voltage issues are resolved.A simulation based on a real 37-node rural distribution network shows that the proposed method significantly reduces PV curtailment.Typical daily results indicate a curtailment rate of 1.47%,which is significantly lower than the 15.4%observed with the voltage droop-based control method.The total daily PV power output(measured every 15 min)increases from 5.55 to 6.41 MW,improving PV hosting capacity.展开更多
Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system pr...Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system protection,monitoring,and control have led to the digitalization of substations and the introduction of new protection and control schemes.These include virtualized centralized protection and control for in-tra-substation applications,as well as advanced wide-area monitoring,protection,and control(WAMPAC)for inter-substation applications.This paper reviews the development of virtualized centralized protection,with a focus on key practical advancements,emerging technolo-gies,and state-of-the-art studies in centralized protection and control(CPC)and WAMPAC systems.It also identifies directions for future research.展开更多
As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy ...As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.展开更多
Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procure...Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.展开更多
Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining metho...Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.展开更多
The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,central...The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.展开更多
As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inve...As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the...The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the Central Axis,or the South Central Axis,stretches from the Yongdingmen Gate Tower in the north to the South Fifth Ring Road in the south.While being a strategic transport link facilitating the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it also showcases China’s vision for the future and highlights its cultural confidence.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzh...The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.展开更多
Background:That Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia(CEECA)experienced a major mortality crisis in the 1990s is a well-established finding,with most analyses focusing on singular causes like alcohol-related dea...Background:That Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia(CEECA)experienced a major mortality crisis in the 1990s is a well-established finding,with most analyses focusing on singular causes like alcohol-related deaths.However,the utility of the integrated“deaths of despair”framework,which views alcohol,drug,and suicide deaths as a unified socio-economic phenomenon,remains under-explored in this context.Crucially,the long-term evolution of the composition of despair within the region remains a largely unexplored area of inquiry.Therefore,this study aims to analyze the long-term trends,changing composition,and regional heterogeneity of deaths from despair in the CEECA region from 1980 to 2021.Methods:Using 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)data(1980–2021),we analyzed deaths of despair mortality trends in 29 CEECA countries.We employed Joinpoint regression to identify significant trend changes and conducted stratified analyses by cause,gender,and age group.Results:The CEECA deaths of despair crisis began as an alcohol and suicide driven phenomenon concentrated in middle-aged men(50–74 years)during the 1990s,with mortality rates for alcohol use disorders and self-harm surging annually by 30.35%(p=0.002)and 13.44%(p=0.001),respectively,between 1991 and 1994.It has since evolved,marked by a contrasting and emerging threat in the 21st century:a rising proportion of drug-related deaths among the younger(15–49 years)male cohort,where the share of drug use disorders increased from 6.9%in 2000 to 11.8%in 2008.Conclusion:The deaths of despair crisis in the CEECA region is not a past event but an ongoing,evolving phenomenon.Its changing nature demands a shift in public health focus from solely historical drivers to new,generation-specific threats,particularly the rise of drug-related despair among youth.展开更多
AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proport...AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.展开更多
This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despit...This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despite some systematic biases,all RCMs effectively capture the main features of observed temperature and precipitation means and extremes over CA,with notable variations in model performance due to differences in the driving global climate models and the RCMs themselves.Overall,REMO consistently outperforms ALARO in simulating temperature-related indices,and ALARO-0 provides more accurate simulations for precipitation-related indices,and the multimodel ensemble(MME)tends to outperform individual RCMs.Under the representative concentration pathway(RCP)scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5,the MME results indicate a clear warming trend across CA for all temperature-related indices,except for the diurnal temperature range,with annual temperatures projected to increase by 0.15℃/10 yr and 0.53℃/10 yr,respectively.Both scenarios exhibit similar spatial distributions in projected annual precipitation,characterized by peak increases of~0.2 mm per day in northern CA.The number of consecutive dry days is projected to slightly increase under RCP8.5,while it is expected to slightly decrease under RCP2.6.This study improves our understanding of the applicability of RCMs in CA and provides reliable projections of future climate change.展开更多
Central venous catheterization(CVC)is a fundamental clinical procedure widely performed across medical specialties.However,the complication rate of subclavian vein catheterization ranges from 6%to 11%.[1]Common compli...Central venous catheterization(CVC)is a fundamental clinical procedure widely performed across medical specialties.However,the complication rate of subclavian vein catheterization ranges from 6%to 11%.[1]Common complications include hemothorax,pneumothorax,air embolism,arterial puncture,and aortic perforation.[2]Herein,we report a rare case of accidental puncture of the aorta during subclavian CVC,which was successfully managed with a ventricular septal defect(VSD)occluder.展开更多
Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syn...Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.展开更多
Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodst...Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.展开更多
Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and dr...Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of dust weather is highly important in this area.Based on the meteorological observations from 2000 to 2020,we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust weather in the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,and Tajikistan)via Theil-Sen trend analysis and Geodetector modeling method,quantitatively revealing the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature,precipitation,and vegetation,on the frequency of dust weather.The results showed that:(1)dust weather in Central Asia was mainly distributed in a large''dust belt''extending from west to east from northern part of the Caspian lowland desert,and concentrated in basins,plains,and other low-altitude areas.Strong dust weather mainly occurred in northern areas of the Aral Sea and southern edge of Central Asia,with a maximum annual frequency of 21.9%;(2)strong dust weather in Central Asia has fluctuated and slightly decreased since 2001.The highest frequency(1.1%)occurred in spring(from March to June);(3)from 2000 to 2020,changes such as spot shifting and shrinking occurred in the four main source areas(north of the Aral Sea,Kyzylkum Desert,Karakum Desert,and Garabogazköl Bay region),where sandstorms occurred in Central Asia,and northern Caspian lowland desert became the most important low-emission dust source in Central Asia;and(4)the combined effect of soil moisture and air temperature has the most significant influence on dust weather in Central Asia.This study provides a theoretical basis for sand prevention and sand control in Central Asia.In the future,Central Asia should focus on the rational utilization of land and water resources,and implement human interventions such as vegetation restoration and optimization of irrigation methods to curb further desertification in this area.展开更多
Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of E...Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of ENSO:central Pacific(CP)and eastern Pacific(EP).Results indicate that CP ENSO tends to exert stronger impacts on CEF.In CP ENSO years,significant lower-level southerly anomalies can be observed across all CEF branches adjacent to MC,accompanied by broader and deeper upper-level northerly anomalies,indicating a well-organized strengthening of both upper-and lowerlevel CEFs.In contrast,CEF anomalies in EP ENSO years tend to be weaker,with significant meridional wind anomalies confined to the east of MC.The disparities in the CEF responses can be elucidated from the perspective of convection over MC,a crucial factor in triggering CEF.In CP ENSO years,westward-leaning sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies result in a distinct cooling in MC and suppressed convection above,driving pronounced CEF anomalies.Conversely,the absence of such organized SST cooling during EP ENSO results in weaker convective forcing and subdued CEF responses.Furthermore,historical simulations from 48 CMIP6 models are utilized to validate the observational findings.Results show that model simulations can successfully reproduce the stronger impacts of CP ENSO,with a remarkable intermodel consistency.This research contributes toward a comprehensive understanding of the diversity in the relationship between CEF and ENSO types,and has implications for seasonal forecasting of CEF variability.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCTA)parameters,including optic disc vessel density(VD;including whole-disc VD,intra-disc VD,and peripapillary VD),superficial/deep capillary plexus(SCP/DCP)VD,and central macular thickness(CMT)were analyzed.Additional assessments included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)via Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart and hemorheological profiling.CRVO patients received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for three consecutive months.Pre-and post-treatment parameters were statistically compared.RESULTS:The study comprised 60 CRVO-ME patients(28 males;32 females),aged 50-78y(mean 63.3±7.6y)and 60 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.As compared with participants exhibiting normal funduscopic findings,CRVO patients demonstrated significantly elevated levels of low-shear-rate whole blood viscosity(LSR-WBV),high-shearrate whole blood viscosity(HSR-WBV),and aggregation index(AI,all P<0.05).In CRVO-affected eyes,vertical cupto-disc(C/D)ratio and optic cup volume were significantly smaller,whereas retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness was significantly greater,compared to both unaffected contralateral eyes and normal control eyes(all P<0.05).Following treatment,VD of the entire optic disc(P<0.05),intra-disc VD(P<0.05),and peripapillary VD(P<0.05)all increased significantly relative to baseline.CMT decreased significantly(P<0.05),whereas macular SCP-VD and macular DCP-VD showed non-significant slight reductions(P>0.05).At baseline,BCVA of CRVO eyes correlated with whole-disc VD(r=-0.276,P=0.033),intra-disc VD(r=-0.342,P=0.009),and peripapillary VD(r=-0.335,P=0.007),with intra-disc VD demonstrating the strongest association.Besides,BCVA improvement,after the treatment,correlated positively with whole-disc VD(r=0.342,P=0.008)and intradisc VD(r=0.396,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Optic disc blood perfusion is more closely associated with visual acuity than macular perfusion,suggesting intra-disc VD may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring visual acuity changes in CRVO.Multiple ranibizumab injections significantly improve optic disc perfusion but may have exerted detrimental effects on the macula.CRVO patients shows higher hemorheological parameters than those with normal fundi.Reduced vertical C/D ratio and optic cup volume may be linked to CRVO incidence,potentially acting as susceptibility factors.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant Nos.2023GXNSFAA026067,2024GXN SFAA010521)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12361079,12201149,12261026).
文摘Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.
基金supported by the Provincial Industrial Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.of China,grant number JC2024118.
文摘The dense integration of residential distributed photovoltaic(PV)systems into three-phase,four-wire low-voltage(LV)distribution networks results in reverse power flow and three-phase imbalance,leading to voltage violations that hinder the growth of rural distributed PV systems.Traditional voltage droop-based control methods regulate PV power output solely based on local voltage measurements at the point of PV connection.Due to a lack of global coordination and optimization,their efficiency is often subpar.This paper presents a centralized coordinated active/reactive power control strategy for PV inverters in rural LV distribution feeders with high PV penetration.The strategy optimizes residential PV inverter reactive and active power control to enhance voltage quality.It uses sensitivity coefficients derived from the inverse Jacobian matrix to assign adjustment weights to individual PV units and iteratively optimize their power outputs.The control sequence prioritizes reactive power increases;if the coefficients are below average or the inverters reach capacity,active power is curtailed until voltage issues are resolved.A simulation based on a real 37-node rural distribution network shows that the proposed method significantly reduces PV curtailment.Typical daily results indicate a curtailment rate of 1.47%,which is significantly lower than the 15.4%observed with the voltage droop-based control method.The total daily PV power output(measured every 15 min)increases from 5.55 to 6.41 MW,improving PV hosting capacity.
基金supported by the CIRP-5G Project(Business Finland)(No.6937/31/2021)the Otto A.Malm Foundation.
文摘Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system protection,monitoring,and control have led to the digitalization of substations and the introduction of new protection and control schemes.These include virtualized centralized protection and control for in-tra-substation applications,as well as advanced wide-area monitoring,protection,and control(WAMPAC)for inter-substation applications.This paper reviews the development of virtualized centralized protection,with a focus on key practical advancements,emerging technolo-gies,and state-of-the-art studies in centralized protection and control(CPC)and WAMPAC systems.It also identifies directions for future research.
文摘As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.
文摘Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.
文摘Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.
文摘The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Projects(2024KJGG27)of Tianfu Yongxing Laboratorythe Experimental Platform Open Innovation Funding(209042025003)of Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute,Tsinghua University.
文摘As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.
文摘The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the Central Axis,or the South Central Axis,stretches from the Yongdingmen Gate Tower in the north to the South Fifth Ring Road in the south.While being a strategic transport link facilitating the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it also showcases China’s vision for the future and highlights its cultural confidence.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by ANR(ANR-21CE16-0008-01)ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-02 and ANR-23CE52-0007)+1 种基金UNADEV(A22018CS)(to HN)UNADEV(A22020CS)(to SB)。
文摘The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.
基金supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)under the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology(grant number:RS-2023-00249082)Korea University(grant number:K2225791).
文摘Background:That Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia(CEECA)experienced a major mortality crisis in the 1990s is a well-established finding,with most analyses focusing on singular causes like alcohol-related deaths.However,the utility of the integrated“deaths of despair”framework,which views alcohol,drug,and suicide deaths as a unified socio-economic phenomenon,remains under-explored in this context.Crucially,the long-term evolution of the composition of despair within the region remains a largely unexplored area of inquiry.Therefore,this study aims to analyze the long-term trends,changing composition,and regional heterogeneity of deaths from despair in the CEECA region from 1980 to 2021.Methods:Using 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)data(1980–2021),we analyzed deaths of despair mortality trends in 29 CEECA countries.We employed Joinpoint regression to identify significant trend changes and conducted stratified analyses by cause,gender,and age group.Results:The CEECA deaths of despair crisis began as an alcohol and suicide driven phenomenon concentrated in middle-aged men(50–74 years)during the 1990s,with mortality rates for alcohol use disorders and self-harm surging annually by 30.35%(p=0.002)and 13.44%(p=0.001),respectively,between 1991 and 1994.It has since evolved,marked by a contrasting and emerging threat in the 21st century:a rising proportion of drug-related deaths among the younger(15–49 years)male cohort,where the share of drug use disorders increased from 6.9%in 2000 to 11.8%in 2008.Conclusion:The deaths of despair crisis in the CEECA region is not a past event but an ongoing,evolving phenomenon.Its changing nature demands a shift in public health focus from solely historical drivers to new,generation-specific threats,particularly the rise of drug-related despair among youth.
基金Supported by research fund from Chosun University Hospital,2022.
文摘AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.
基金jointly supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[grant number 2019QZKK0103]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42293294]the China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Special Program[grant number QBZ202303]。
文摘This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despite some systematic biases,all RCMs effectively capture the main features of observed temperature and precipitation means and extremes over CA,with notable variations in model performance due to differences in the driving global climate models and the RCMs themselves.Overall,REMO consistently outperforms ALARO in simulating temperature-related indices,and ALARO-0 provides more accurate simulations for precipitation-related indices,and the multimodel ensemble(MME)tends to outperform individual RCMs.Under the representative concentration pathway(RCP)scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5,the MME results indicate a clear warming trend across CA for all temperature-related indices,except for the diurnal temperature range,with annual temperatures projected to increase by 0.15℃/10 yr and 0.53℃/10 yr,respectively.Both scenarios exhibit similar spatial distributions in projected annual precipitation,characterized by peak increases of~0.2 mm per day in northern CA.The number of consecutive dry days is projected to slightly increase under RCP8.5,while it is expected to slightly decrease under RCP2.6.This study improves our understanding of the applicability of RCMs in CA and provides reliable projections of future climate change.
基金supported by a grant from the Beijing Union Medical College Foundation-Rui E Emergency Medicine Research Fund in 2025。
文摘Central venous catheterization(CVC)is a fundamental clinical procedure widely performed across medical specialties.However,the complication rate of subclavian vein catheterization ranges from 6%to 11%.[1]Common complications include hemothorax,pneumothorax,air embolism,arterial puncture,and aortic perforation.[2]Herein,we report a rare case of accidental puncture of the aorta during subclavian CVC,which was successfully managed with a ventricular septal defect(VSD)occluder.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00344633)HYC acknowledges the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00211360)Biomaterials Specialized Graduate Program through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE).
文摘Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the project CDRSP funding(DOI:10.54499/UID/04044/2025 and ARISE funding(DOI:1054499/LA/P/0112/2020)the grant awarded to TP(10.54499/2020.09198.BD)+3 种基金the funding to JRD(10.54499/CEECINST/00060/2021/CP2902/CT0005)supported by INOV.AM-Inovação em Fabricação Aditiva,02-C05-i01.01-2022Nanofilm(CENTRO 2030-FEDER-01469100)Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).
文摘Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42571311).
文摘Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of dust weather is highly important in this area.Based on the meteorological observations from 2000 to 2020,we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust weather in the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,and Tajikistan)via Theil-Sen trend analysis and Geodetector modeling method,quantitatively revealing the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature,precipitation,and vegetation,on the frequency of dust weather.The results showed that:(1)dust weather in Central Asia was mainly distributed in a large''dust belt''extending from west to east from northern part of the Caspian lowland desert,and concentrated in basins,plains,and other low-altitude areas.Strong dust weather mainly occurred in northern areas of the Aral Sea and southern edge of Central Asia,with a maximum annual frequency of 21.9%;(2)strong dust weather in Central Asia has fluctuated and slightly decreased since 2001.The highest frequency(1.1%)occurred in spring(from March to June);(3)from 2000 to 2020,changes such as spot shifting and shrinking occurred in the four main source areas(north of the Aral Sea,Kyzylkum Desert,Karakum Desert,and Garabogazköl Bay region),where sandstorms occurred in Central Asia,and northern Caspian lowland desert became the most important low-emission dust source in Central Asia;and(4)the combined effect of soil moisture and air temperature has the most significant influence on dust weather in Central Asia.This study provides a theoretical basis for sand prevention and sand control in Central Asia.In the future,Central Asia should focus on the rational utilization of land and water resources,and implement human interventions such as vegetation restoration and optimization of irrigation methods to curb further desertification in this area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42405029).
文摘Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of ENSO:central Pacific(CP)and eastern Pacific(EP).Results indicate that CP ENSO tends to exert stronger impacts on CEF.In CP ENSO years,significant lower-level southerly anomalies can be observed across all CEF branches adjacent to MC,accompanied by broader and deeper upper-level northerly anomalies,indicating a well-organized strengthening of both upper-and lowerlevel CEFs.In contrast,CEF anomalies in EP ENSO years tend to be weaker,with significant meridional wind anomalies confined to the east of MC.The disparities in the CEF responses can be elucidated from the perspective of convection over MC,a crucial factor in triggering CEF.In CP ENSO years,westward-leaning sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies result in a distinct cooling in MC and suppressed convection above,driving pronounced CEF anomalies.Conversely,the absence of such organized SST cooling during EP ENSO results in weaker convective forcing and subdued CEF responses.Furthermore,historical simulations from 48 CMIP6 models are utilized to validate the observational findings.Results show that model simulations can successfully reproduce the stronger impacts of CP ENSO,with a remarkable intermodel consistency.This research contributes toward a comprehensive understanding of the diversity in the relationship between CEF and ENSO types,and has implications for seasonal forecasting of CEF variability.
基金Central High-Level Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Project of Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Science(No.GSP5-83,No.GSP4-02No.GSP5-06)+1 种基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(General ProgramNo.82474582).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCTA)parameters,including optic disc vessel density(VD;including whole-disc VD,intra-disc VD,and peripapillary VD),superficial/deep capillary plexus(SCP/DCP)VD,and central macular thickness(CMT)were analyzed.Additional assessments included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)via Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart and hemorheological profiling.CRVO patients received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for three consecutive months.Pre-and post-treatment parameters were statistically compared.RESULTS:The study comprised 60 CRVO-ME patients(28 males;32 females),aged 50-78y(mean 63.3±7.6y)and 60 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.As compared with participants exhibiting normal funduscopic findings,CRVO patients demonstrated significantly elevated levels of low-shear-rate whole blood viscosity(LSR-WBV),high-shearrate whole blood viscosity(HSR-WBV),and aggregation index(AI,all P<0.05).In CRVO-affected eyes,vertical cupto-disc(C/D)ratio and optic cup volume were significantly smaller,whereas retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness was significantly greater,compared to both unaffected contralateral eyes and normal control eyes(all P<0.05).Following treatment,VD of the entire optic disc(P<0.05),intra-disc VD(P<0.05),and peripapillary VD(P<0.05)all increased significantly relative to baseline.CMT decreased significantly(P<0.05),whereas macular SCP-VD and macular DCP-VD showed non-significant slight reductions(P>0.05).At baseline,BCVA of CRVO eyes correlated with whole-disc VD(r=-0.276,P=0.033),intra-disc VD(r=-0.342,P=0.009),and peripapillary VD(r=-0.335,P=0.007),with intra-disc VD demonstrating the strongest association.Besides,BCVA improvement,after the treatment,correlated positively with whole-disc VD(r=0.342,P=0.008)and intradisc VD(r=0.396,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Optic disc blood perfusion is more closely associated with visual acuity than macular perfusion,suggesting intra-disc VD may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring visual acuity changes in CRVO.Multiple ranibizumab injections significantly improve optic disc perfusion but may have exerted detrimental effects on the macula.CRVO patients shows higher hemorheological parameters than those with normal fundi.Reduced vertical C/D ratio and optic cup volume may be linked to CRVO incidence,potentially acting as susceptibility factors.
