Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models(RCMs)is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate.Here,we assess the performance and discuss pos...Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models(RCMs)is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate.Here,we assess the performance and discuss possible causes of biases in a WRF-based RCM with a grid spacing of 50 km,named WRFG,from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program(NARCCAP)in simulating wet season precipitation over the Central United States for a period when observational data are available.The RCM reproduces key features of the precipitation distribution characteristics during late spring to early summer,although it tends to underestimate the magnitude of precipitation.This dry bias is partially due to the model’s lack of skill in simulating nocturnal precipitation related to the lack of eastward propagating convective systems in the simulation.Inaccuracy in reproducing large-scale circulation and environmental conditions is another contributing factor.The too weak simulated pressure gradient between the Rocky Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico results in weaker southerly winds in between,leading to a reduction of warm moist air transport from the Gulf to the Central Great Plains.The simulated low-level horizontal convergence fields are less favorable for upward motion than in the NARR and hence,for the development of moist convection as well.Therefore,a careful examination of an RCM’s deficiencies and the identification of the source of errors are important when using the RCM to project precipitation changes in future climate scenarios.展开更多
Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this...Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this continuous changes in generation condition, the fault current level in network will be affected, this changes in fault current level will affect in the coordination between protection relays and to keep the coordination at right way, an adaptive protection system is required that can adaptive its setting according to generation changes, the fault current level in each case is evaluated using ETAP software, and the required relay setting in each case is also evaluated using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, and to select suitable setting which required in each condition, to select the active setting group of protection relay according to generation capacity, central protection unite can be used, and to improve protection stability and minimizing relays tripping time, a proposed method for selecting suitable backup relay is used, which leads to decrease relays tripping time and increase system stability, output settings for relays in all cases achieved our constrains.展开更多
This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing...This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.展开更多
Medicines are a global, strategic and diplomatic issue [1]. The UN General Secretary’s High Level Task Force [2] on Access to Medicines calls for a new approach to reduce the gap between medical innovations and acces...Medicines are a global, strategic and diplomatic issue [1]. The UN General Secretary’s High Level Task Force [2] on Access to Medicines calls for a new approach to reduce the gap between medical innovations and access to medicines. Inequality in access to quality pharmaceutical products in a framework of global health democracy poses a threat to the ethical and equitable management of the provision of quality health care, particularly during global health crises. In French-speaking Africa, the lack of a unified production of pharmaceutical medicines forces wholesalers （public and private） to import almost all of their medicine demands resulting in a risk of dependence and major pharmaceutical quality defects. These central purchasing units are therefore often faced with the major challenge of guaranteeing the performance of their services and the security of their supplies. In order to achieve component 3 （“Access to Health”） of the SDOs （sustainable development goals）, in particular the access to affordable medicines, it is essential for a country to have a strategy of pharmaceutical independence [3] by anticipating the epidemiological transition and the management of health crises. This strategy of pharmaceutical independence is based in the short and medium term on the strengthening of central purchasing units and the establishment of a public-private partnership between central purchasing units and wholesalers, and in the long term on the establishment of competitive production units that comply with international standards. However, recent health crises have shown the fragility of public central purchasing units and make it difficult to anticipate health crises.展开更多
The stable operation of thermal power plants is the core condition to ensure the stable power supply. Therefore, the application of unit centralized control technology around the three parts of the electromechanical f...The stable operation of thermal power plants is the core condition to ensure the stable power supply. Therefore, the application of unit centralized control technology around the three parts of the electromechanical furnace system layout, system principle, fixed value parameters, operation mode, logic and operation procedures control can improve the power generation stability of thermal power plants. Based on this, this paper first summarizes the concept of centralized control of thermal power plants and generating units, and then focuses on the principles and technical solutions of the application of centralized control technology of generating units.展开更多
目的探讨呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)重症肺结核患者中心静脉导管相关血栓形成(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)的发生情况及影响因素。方法选取2021年7月1日至2023年10月1日北京胸科医院RICU重症肺结核患...目的探讨呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)重症肺结核患者中心静脉导管相关血栓形成(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)的发生情况及影响因素。方法选取2021年7月1日至2023年10月1日北京胸科医院RICU重症肺结核患者,收集患者一般资料和临床资料,分别计算CRT发生率、经中心静脉置管(central venous cath⁃eter,CVC)和经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)的CRT发生率。采用多因素非条件logistic回归方程分析RICU重症肺结核患者发生CRT的影响因素,采用ROC曲线的AUC评价危险因素对发生CRT的预测价值。结果共纳入34例患者,其中男23例、女11例,年龄13~84岁,平均(62.3±18.8)岁。CRT发生率为14.7%,经CVC和PICC的CRT发生率分别为10.3%和40.0%。CRT总发病密度为9.26/1000导管日,CVC和PICC的CRT发病密度分别为6.96/1000导管日和18.35/1000导管日。多因素分析结果显示,中心静脉导管放置时间越长(OR=1.072,95%CI:1.006~1.143,P=0.033)的患者发生CRT的风险越高。中心静脉导管放置时间预测CRT的ROC曲线的AUC为0.786(95%CI:0.525~1.000,P=0.044),cut-off值为33 d,灵敏度为0.600,特异性为0.966。结论RICU重症肺结核患者的PICC相关性CRT发生率较高。中心静脉导管放置时间是CRT的危险因素,置管>33 d时CRT的发生率会明显升高。展开更多
目的 以用户体验为中心,了解监护室中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控数据管理平台的可用性,为其推广奠定基础。方法 2024年9-11月,采用目的抽样法选择上海、山东、四川、南通等地共7所三级医院的11名重症监护室(intensive care unit, ICU)...目的 以用户体验为中心,了解监护室中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控数据管理平台的可用性,为其推广奠定基础。方法 2024年9-11月,采用目的抽样法选择上海、山东、四川、南通等地共7所三级医院的11名重症监护室(intensive care unit, ICU)临床护士和6名ICU护士长参加平台用户测试并进行使用体验访谈。2024年11月,采用便利抽样法选择164名使用过平台的ICU护士填写研究后系统可用性问卷(post-study system usability questionnaire, PSSUQ),以评估用户对平台的满意度。结果 17名平台用户完成了7项测试任务并接受访谈后反馈平台使用的整体感觉较好,各项功能完善,该平台的应用对于临床护理及医疗决策有重要的意义;同时也对平台的不足之处提出了意见。接受问卷调查的164名ICU护士PSSUQ得分为(2.02±1.12)分。结论 平台整体可用性良好,值得推广,未来需要进一步优化。展开更多
为提高列车自动监控系统中安全相关控制命令执行结果的可靠性和安全性,满足基于车-车通信的列车自主运行系统项目安全需求,设计一种基于中央处理单元(CPU)和图形处理单元(GPU)双链计算和显示的安全控制执行结果显示方法。操作终端的C P ...为提高列车自动监控系统中安全相关控制命令执行结果的可靠性和安全性,满足基于车-车通信的列车自主运行系统项目安全需求,设计一种基于中央处理单元(CPU)和图形处理单元(GPU)双链计算和显示的安全控制执行结果显示方法。操作终端的C P U计算的执行结果以字符串格式输出到指定位置显示,操作终端的GPU计算的执行结果以图元格式输出到标题栏位置显示。同时采用不同编码方法、相异的算法等方式,避免同一硬件设备在编码语言、算法和硬件平台的共模失效。展开更多
文摘Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models(RCMs)is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate.Here,we assess the performance and discuss possible causes of biases in a WRF-based RCM with a grid spacing of 50 km,named WRFG,from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program(NARCCAP)in simulating wet season precipitation over the Central United States for a period when observational data are available.The RCM reproduces key features of the precipitation distribution characteristics during late spring to early summer,although it tends to underestimate the magnitude of precipitation.This dry bias is partially due to the model’s lack of skill in simulating nocturnal precipitation related to the lack of eastward propagating convective systems in the simulation.Inaccuracy in reproducing large-scale circulation and environmental conditions is another contributing factor.The too weak simulated pressure gradient between the Rocky Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico results in weaker southerly winds in between,leading to a reduction of warm moist air transport from the Gulf to the Central Great Plains.The simulated low-level horizontal convergence fields are less favorable for upward motion than in the NARR and hence,for the development of moist convection as well.Therefore,a careful examination of an RCM’s deficiencies and the identification of the source of errors are important when using the RCM to project precipitation changes in future climate scenarios.
文摘Distributed generators now is widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and due to this continuous changes in generation condition, the fault current level in network will be affected, this changes in fault current level will affect in the coordination between protection relays and to keep the coordination at right way, an adaptive protection system is required that can adaptive its setting according to generation changes, the fault current level in each case is evaluated using ETAP software, and the required relay setting in each case is also evaluated using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, and to select suitable setting which required in each condition, to select the active setting group of protection relay according to generation capacity, central protection unite can be used, and to improve protection stability and minimizing relays tripping time, a proposed method for selecting suitable backup relay is used, which leads to decrease relays tripping time and increase system stability, output settings for relays in all cases achieved our constrains.
文摘This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.
文摘Medicines are a global, strategic and diplomatic issue [1]. The UN General Secretary’s High Level Task Force [2] on Access to Medicines calls for a new approach to reduce the gap between medical innovations and access to medicines. Inequality in access to quality pharmaceutical products in a framework of global health democracy poses a threat to the ethical and equitable management of the provision of quality health care, particularly during global health crises. In French-speaking Africa, the lack of a unified production of pharmaceutical medicines forces wholesalers （public and private） to import almost all of their medicine demands resulting in a risk of dependence and major pharmaceutical quality defects. These central purchasing units are therefore often faced with the major challenge of guaranteeing the performance of their services and the security of their supplies. In order to achieve component 3 （“Access to Health”） of the SDOs （sustainable development goals）, in particular the access to affordable medicines, it is essential for a country to have a strategy of pharmaceutical independence [3] by anticipating the epidemiological transition and the management of health crises. This strategy of pharmaceutical independence is based in the short and medium term on the strengthening of central purchasing units and the establishment of a public-private partnership between central purchasing units and wholesalers, and in the long term on the establishment of competitive production units that comply with international standards. However, recent health crises have shown the fragility of public central purchasing units and make it difficult to anticipate health crises.
文摘The stable operation of thermal power plants is the core condition to ensure the stable power supply. Therefore, the application of unit centralized control technology around the three parts of the electromechanical furnace system layout, system principle, fixed value parameters, operation mode, logic and operation procedures control can improve the power generation stability of thermal power plants. Based on this, this paper first summarizes the concept of centralized control of thermal power plants and generating units, and then focuses on the principles and technical solutions of the application of centralized control technology of generating units.
文摘目的探讨呼吸重症监护室(respiratory intensive care unit,RICU)重症肺结核患者中心静脉导管相关血栓形成(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)的发生情况及影响因素。方法选取2021年7月1日至2023年10月1日北京胸科医院RICU重症肺结核患者,收集患者一般资料和临床资料,分别计算CRT发生率、经中心静脉置管(central venous cath⁃eter,CVC)和经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)的CRT发生率。采用多因素非条件logistic回归方程分析RICU重症肺结核患者发生CRT的影响因素,采用ROC曲线的AUC评价危险因素对发生CRT的预测价值。结果共纳入34例患者,其中男23例、女11例,年龄13~84岁,平均(62.3±18.8)岁。CRT发生率为14.7%,经CVC和PICC的CRT发生率分别为10.3%和40.0%。CRT总发病密度为9.26/1000导管日,CVC和PICC的CRT发病密度分别为6.96/1000导管日和18.35/1000导管日。多因素分析结果显示,中心静脉导管放置时间越长(OR=1.072,95%CI:1.006~1.143,P=0.033)的患者发生CRT的风险越高。中心静脉导管放置时间预测CRT的ROC曲线的AUC为0.786(95%CI:0.525~1.000,P=0.044),cut-off值为33 d,灵敏度为0.600,特异性为0.966。结论RICU重症肺结核患者的PICC相关性CRT发生率较高。中心静脉导管放置时间是CRT的危险因素,置管>33 d时CRT的发生率会明显升高。
文摘目的 以用户体验为中心,了解监护室中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控数据管理平台的可用性,为其推广奠定基础。方法 2024年9-11月,采用目的抽样法选择上海、山东、四川、南通等地共7所三级医院的11名重症监护室(intensive care unit, ICU)临床护士和6名ICU护士长参加平台用户测试并进行使用体验访谈。2024年11月,采用便利抽样法选择164名使用过平台的ICU护士填写研究后系统可用性问卷(post-study system usability questionnaire, PSSUQ),以评估用户对平台的满意度。结果 17名平台用户完成了7项测试任务并接受访谈后反馈平台使用的整体感觉较好,各项功能完善,该平台的应用对于临床护理及医疗决策有重要的意义;同时也对平台的不足之处提出了意见。接受问卷调查的164名ICU护士PSSUQ得分为(2.02±1.12)分。结论 平台整体可用性良好,值得推广,未来需要进一步优化。
文摘为提高列车自动监控系统中安全相关控制命令执行结果的可靠性和安全性,满足基于车-车通信的列车自主运行系统项目安全需求,设计一种基于中央处理单元(CPU)和图形处理单元(GPU)双链计算和显示的安全控制执行结果显示方法。操作终端的C P U计算的执行结果以字符串格式输出到指定位置显示,操作终端的GPU计算的执行结果以图元格式输出到标题栏位置显示。同时采用不同编码方法、相异的算法等方式,避免同一硬件设备在编码语言、算法和硬件平台的共模失效。
