BACKGROUND Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation(TA)to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Some studies have recommended TA as a new,efcient and safe technology for PTC.In this article,we report one ...BACKGROUND Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation(TA)to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Some studies have recommended TA as a new,efcient and safe technology for PTC.In this article,we report one case of a residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis(CLNM)after TA for PTC.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female underwent bilateral ultrasound(US)-guided radiofrequency ablation for PTC.Three months later,she was diagnosed as thyroid cancer with suspected CLNM by US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.The subsequent fine-needle aspiration(FNA)biopsies were negative.Due to her strong personal preference,she underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection.Local tissue adhesion and a difficult dissection were noted during the operation.The pathology of the frozen sections during the operation was still negative.The final pathology results of paraffin-embedded sections revealed residual tumor cells at the edge of the PTC and CLNM.CONCLUSION TA may lead to a residual tumor in patients with PTC.Follow-up using US and FNA biopsy may not be adequate to evaluate the residual tumor.TA should be carefully considered in PTC treatment.展开更多
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-r...Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-related mortality combined （1）. About 30% of people have already progressed to stage III lung cancer and 40% to stage IV at the time they are diagnosed （2）. Although chest X-ray and sputum cytology, when applied in health check-ups, can identify some relatively small tumors, they are not able to lower the overall mortality （3）. More recently,展开更多
Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determ...Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of the lymph nodes in the CLND and the relationship to presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thymic tissue (TT). Methods: Total thyroidectomy and CLND materials from 153 patients with PTC were included in this study. Two histopathologic features (presence of CLT and TT) were evaluated for their value in adequacy of CLND. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed CLT and TT in CLND materials in 70 (46%) and 63 (41%) patients, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes in CLND materials was significantly higher in CLT (+) and TT (+) groups (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that presence of CLT in thyroid gland has been associated with higher number of central lymph nodes mainly due to increased number of benign hyperplastic lymph nodes. It may be possible to conclude that upper limit of lymph nodes for satisfactory CLND would be higher to correctly evaluate central lymph node status in existing staging systems if specimens have CLT. Results of this study also show that the presence of TT in surgical materials may represent the adequacy of CLND.展开更多
Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system（PNS＆CNS）are divided into molecularly distinct excitable domains,including the axon initial segment（AIS）and nodes of Ranvier.The AIS is composed of a d...Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system（PNS＆CNS）are divided into molecularly distinct excitable domains,including the axon initial segment（AIS）and nodes of Ranvier.The AIS is composed of a dense network of cytoskeletal proteins,cell adhesion molecules,and voltage gated ion channels and is located at the proximal most region of the axon（Koleand Stuart, 2012）.展开更多
The brittleness analysis and important nodes detection have been a hot spot in the complex networks.How to get the overall feature of the whole network and how to find out some important nodes are requisites to solve ...The brittleness analysis and important nodes detection have been a hot spot in the complex networks.How to get the overall feature of the whole network and how to find out some important nodes are requisites to solve these problems. In this paper, we adopt the trace of the adjacency matrix and the centrality of the complex networks to give a quantitative and qualitative analysis of networks being studied. Results show that the k-shell plays a more important role than the degree centrality and the betweenness in finding important nodes, and it can also be used to give direction on the immunization and maintenance of complex networks.展开更多
The identification of the influential nodes in a network is of great significance for understanding the features of the network and controlling the complexity of networks in society and in biology. In this paper, we ...The identification of the influential nodes in a network is of great significance for understanding the features of the network and controlling the complexity of networks in society and in biology. In this paper, we propose a novel centrality measure for a node by considering the importance of edges and compare the performance of this method with existing seven topological-based ranking methods on the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered （SIR） model. The simulation results for four different types of real networks show that the proposed method is robust and exhibits excellent performance in identifying the most influential nodes when spreading starting from both single origin and multipleorigins simultaneously.展开更多
Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for approximatley 90% of thyroid malignancies in areas of the world without deficit of Iodine. It's universally accepted that tota...Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for approximatley 90% of thyroid malignancies in areas of the world without deficit of Iodine. It's universally accepted that total thyroidectomy is the minimal surgical treatment for patients with PTC higher than 1 cm. When a quality surgery is performed, the prognosis for PTC is excellent with 10 and 20-year overall survival rates around 90% and 85%, respectively. Lymph node metastases are very frequent in PTC, occurring in 50%-80% of PTC patients, the most of them being located in the central compartment of the neck(CCN) and with a high rate of occult or clinically undetectable disease. A lot of controversy exists regarding how to treat the central nodal compartment disease of PTC. The first problem is the lack of standardization of the terminology and concepts related to the CCN, which are clearly established and defined in this paper according to the most recent consensus documents of endocrine societies. This uniformity will provide a more consistent and clear communicaction between all the specialist involved in the treatment of PTC. CCN can be performed to treat patients with clinically detectable, radiologically suspected of intraoperative visualized nodal disease(this is defined as therapeutic) or when these findings are absent(also called prophylactic). Indicactions, advantages and disadvantages of both therapeutic and prophylactic CCN dissection are widely discussed and clear recommendations provided.展开更多
Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degr...Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degree centrality, betweenness centra- lity and closeness centrality are taken into consideration in the proposed method. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is an important part of the Internet of Things(IoT),which are used for information exchange and communication between smart objects.In practical applications,WSN lifecycle can be influenced...Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is an important part of the Internet of Things(IoT),which are used for information exchange and communication between smart objects.In practical applications,WSN lifecycle can be influenced by the unbalanced distribution of node centrality and excessive energy consumption,etc.In order to overcome these problems,a heterogeneous wireless sensor network model with small world characteristics is constructed to balance the centrality and enhance the invulnerability of the network.Also,a new WSN centrality measurement method and a new invulnerability measurement model are proposed based on the WSN data transmission characteristics.Simulation results show that the life cycle and data transmission volume of the network can be improved with a lower network construction cost,and the invulnerability of the network is effectively enhanced.展开更多
A tiny fraction of influential individuals play a critical role in the dynamics on complex systems. Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks has theoretical and practical significance. Considering the unc...A tiny fraction of influential individuals play a critical role in the dynamics on complex systems. Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks has theoretical and practical significance. Considering the uncertainties of network scale and topology, and the timeliness of dynamic behaviors in real networks, we propose a rapid identifying method（RIM）to find the fraction of high-influential nodes. Instead of ranking all nodes, our method only aims at ranking a small number of nodes in network. We set the high-influential nodes as initial spreaders, and evaluate the performance of RIM by the susceptible-infected-recovered（SIR） model. The simulations show that in different networks, RIM performs well on rapid identifying high-influential nodes, which is verified by typical ranking methods, such as degree, closeness, betweenness,and eigenvector centrality methods.展开更多
基金the Shanghai Municipal Administrator of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2018ZY03005.
文摘BACKGROUND Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation(TA)to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Some studies have recommended TA as a new,efcient and safe technology for PTC.In this article,we report one case of a residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis(CLNM)after TA for PTC.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female underwent bilateral ultrasound(US)-guided radiofrequency ablation for PTC.Three months later,she was diagnosed as thyroid cancer with suspected CLNM by US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.The subsequent fine-needle aspiration(FNA)biopsies were negative.Due to her strong personal preference,she underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection.Local tissue adhesion and a difficult dissection were noted during the operation.The pathology of the frozen sections during the operation was still negative.The final pathology results of paraffin-embedded sections revealed residual tumor cells at the edge of the PTC and CLNM.CONCLUSION TA may lead to a residual tumor in patients with PTC.Follow-up using US and FNA biopsy may not be adequate to evaluate the residual tumor.TA should be carefully considered in PTC treatment.
文摘Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-related mortality combined （1）. About 30% of people have already progressed to stage III lung cancer and 40% to stage IV at the time they are diagnosed （2）. Although chest X-ray and sputum cytology, when applied in health check-ups, can identify some relatively small tumors, they are not able to lower the overall mortality （3）. More recently,
文摘Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of the lymph nodes in the CLND and the relationship to presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thymic tissue (TT). Methods: Total thyroidectomy and CLND materials from 153 patients with PTC were included in this study. Two histopathologic features (presence of CLT and TT) were evaluated for their value in adequacy of CLND. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed CLT and TT in CLND materials in 70 (46%) and 63 (41%) patients, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes in CLND materials was significantly higher in CLT (+) and TT (+) groups (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that presence of CLT in thyroid gland has been associated with higher number of central lymph nodes mainly due to increased number of benign hyperplastic lymph nodes. It may be possible to conclude that upper limit of lymph nodes for satisfactory CLND would be higher to correctly evaluate central lymph node status in existing staging systems if specimens have CLT. Results of this study also show that the presence of TT in surgical materials may represent the adequacy of CLND.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health Grants NS069688 and NS044916, TIRR Foundationthe Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
文摘Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system（PNS＆CNS）are divided into molecularly distinct excitable domains,including the axon initial segment（AIS）and nodes of Ranvier.The AIS is composed of a dense network of cytoskeletal proteins,cell adhesion molecules,and voltage gated ion channels and is located at the proximal most region of the axon（Koleand Stuart, 2012）.
文摘The brittleness analysis and important nodes detection have been a hot spot in the complex networks.How to get the overall feature of the whole network and how to find out some important nodes are requisites to solve these problems. In this paper, we adopt the trace of the adjacency matrix and the centrality of the complex networks to give a quantitative and qualitative analysis of networks being studied. Results show that the k-shell plays a more important role than the degree centrality and the betweenness in finding important nodes, and it can also be used to give direction on the immunization and maintenance of complex networks.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Hubei Province Department of Education(Q20151505)the East China Jiaotong University Doctor Scientific Research Start Fund Project(26441021)
文摘The identification of the influential nodes in a network is of great significance for understanding the features of the network and controlling the complexity of networks in society and in biology. In this paper, we propose a novel centrality measure for a node by considering the importance of edges and compare the performance of this method with existing seven topological-based ranking methods on the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered （SIR） model. The simulation results for four different types of real networks show that the proposed method is robust and exhibits excellent performance in identifying the most influential nodes when spreading starting from both single origin and multipleorigins simultaneously.
文摘Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for approximatley 90% of thyroid malignancies in areas of the world without deficit of Iodine. It's universally accepted that total thyroidectomy is the minimal surgical treatment for patients with PTC higher than 1 cm. When a quality surgery is performed, the prognosis for PTC is excellent with 10 and 20-year overall survival rates around 90% and 85%, respectively. Lymph node metastases are very frequent in PTC, occurring in 50%-80% of PTC patients, the most of them being located in the central compartment of the neck(CCN) and with a high rate of occult or clinically undetectable disease. A lot of controversy exists regarding how to treat the central nodal compartment disease of PTC. The first problem is the lack of standardization of the terminology and concepts related to the CCN, which are clearly established and defined in this paper according to the most recent consensus documents of endocrine societies. This uniformity will provide a more consistent and clear communicaction between all the specialist involved in the treatment of PTC. CCN can be performed to treat patients with clinically detectable, radiologically suspected of intraoperative visualized nodal disease(this is defined as therapeutic) or when these findings are absent(also called prophylactic). Indicactions, advantages and disadvantages of both therapeutic and prophylactic CCN dissection are widely discussed and clear recommendations provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61174022)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2013AA013801)+2 种基金the Open Funding Project of State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems,Beihang University(BUAA-VR-14KF-02)the General Research Program of the Science Supported by Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(14ZB0322)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2014D008)
文摘Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degree centrality, betweenness centra- lity and closeness centrality are taken into consideration in the proposed method. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61802010Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand Talents Project of Beijing No.2020A28+2 种基金National Social Science Fund of China,No.19BGL184Beijing Excellent Talent Training Support Project for Young Top-Notch Team No.2018000026833TD01Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University,No.ZK30202103.
文摘Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is an important part of the Internet of Things(IoT),which are used for information exchange and communication between smart objects.In practical applications,WSN lifecycle can be influenced by the unbalanced distribution of node centrality and excessive energy consumption,etc.In order to overcome these problems,a heterogeneous wireless sensor network model with small world characteristics is constructed to balance the centrality and enhance the invulnerability of the network.Also,a new WSN centrality measurement method and a new invulnerability measurement model are proposed based on the WSN data transmission characteristics.Simulation results show that the life cycle and data transmission volume of the network can be improved with a lower network construction cost,and the invulnerability of the network is effectively enhanced.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61374180 and 61373136)the Ministry of Education Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project,China(Grant No.12YJAZH120)the Six Projects Sponsoring Talent Summits of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.RLD201212)
文摘A tiny fraction of influential individuals play a critical role in the dynamics on complex systems. Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks has theoretical and practical significance. Considering the uncertainties of network scale and topology, and the timeliness of dynamic behaviors in real networks, we propose a rapid identifying method（RIM）to find the fraction of high-influential nodes. Instead of ranking all nodes, our method only aims at ranking a small number of nodes in network. We set the high-influential nodes as initial spreaders, and evaluate the performance of RIM by the susceptible-infected-recovered（SIR） model. The simulations show that in different networks, RIM performs well on rapid identifying high-influential nodes, which is verified by typical ranking methods, such as degree, closeness, betweenness,and eigenvector centrality methods.
