Influenza is one of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans. Every influenza pandemic in history has ended with disastrous outcomes regarding public health and the social economy. This year marks the 100th ann...Influenza is one of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans. Every influenza pandemic in history has ended with disastrous outcomes regarding public health and the social economy. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Spanish flu (H1N1) outbreak of 1918, which is recognized as the most lethal natural event in recent history.展开更多
Background: Notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS) data guides immediate action for events of public health importance. In July 2016, 12 patients suspected of typhoid were reported to Centenary District Medical...Background: Notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS) data guides immediate action for events of public health importance. In July 2016, 12 patients suspected of typhoid were reported to Centenary District Medical Officer by phone. Following reporting, notification forms (T1) were not submitted to district, hence province did not receive district consolidated report (T2) for the notifications. This implies underreporting of notifiable diseases. Study was conducted to evaluate NDSS in Centenary district. Methods: Using updated Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among health workers sampled from all health facilities in Centenary district. Interviewer administered questionnaire and checklists were used to collect data, assess data quality and resource availability. Epi InfoTM 7 generated frequencies and proportions. Results: We interviewed 50 respondents from 13 health facilities and 64% were females. Health worker knowledge was rated low, 26% knew whom to notify and 40% knew forms are completed in triplicate. Reasons for failure to notify notifiable diseases included, unavailability of reporting forms 32% and lack of reporting guidelines 16%. Ninety-two percent were willing to participate. Four health facilities had at least six standard case definitions. The first two patients were only diagnosed at district level. NDSS information was used to procure antirabies vaccine and implement control measures. Conclusion: NDSS is useful, acceptable, unstable and not sensitive. Failure to notify was mainly due to lack of knowledge on NDSS. We recommend training of health workers and mentoring. Fifteen (IEC) case definitions and reporting guidelines were distributed to five health facilities.展开更多
Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi J...Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi Jinping’s important statements have systematically answered such questions as what type of laws and trends of historical development should be followed,how did the Party follow the laws and trends of historical development in its centennial history,and how should the laws and trends of historical development be followed in a new era.The birth of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the victory of China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the unveiling of a new era for reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics are all the results of grasping the laws and trends of historical development.Over the past century,the Party has followed the laws and trends of historical development and continuously advanced the sinicization of Marxism on the basis of adhering to the unification between truth and values.In pursuit of“putting people first,”the Party has courageously been reforming itself and made relentless progress in the great endeavor of Party building.History shows that a keen appreciation of the laws and trends of historical development is an important sign of political maturity for a proletarian party.Only by applying Marxism according to current times and conditions will we keep abreast with the laws and trends of historical development.We should establish a broader concept of history and identify the laws and trends of historical development from the interactions and linkages between China and the rest of the world.We must recognize and promote the outstanding role of great leaders in steering the country in line with the laws and trends of historical development.展开更多
ZANG Kejla was already a well-known fi-gure in Chinese literary circles during the1930s.Mao Zedong used to invite him tothe Qingzheng Hall to talk about poetry and edita few pieces,and the two became good friends.AsMa...ZANG Kejla was already a well-known fi-gure in Chinese literary circles during the1930s.Mao Zedong used to invite him tothe Qingzheng Hall to talk about poetry and edita few pieces,and the two became good friends.AsMao’s 100th birthday approached,I visited thepoet to talk with him about the late chairman’spoetry.Mao Zedong is a name known across theworld.A great revolutionary,politician and mili-tary scientist,he was also a poet at heart.Someforeign observers once wondered that“a poet hadcreated a new China.”His pieces have a veryrevolutionary flavor that recount to his readers展开更多
Prof. Duzheng YE （also spelt Tu-Cheng Yeh） was one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China. He devoted himself to the Earth sciences for more than 70 years, during which time his contributions, to name j...Prof. Duzheng YE （also spelt Tu-Cheng Yeh） was one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China. He devoted himself to the Earth sciences for more than 70 years, during which time his contributions, to name just a few, included establishing Tibetan Plateau meteorology; developing the theory of atmospheric longwave energy dispersion, and therefore providing the theoretical basis for modern weather forecasting.展开更多
Although global governance was not a widely recognizable concept until the end of the Cold War,its practice can be traced back to the history of international relations as some of the countries had the experience in s...Although global governance was not a widely recognizable concept until the end of the Cold War,its practice can be traced back to the history of international relations as some of the countries had the experience in solving common problems through transnational coordination.At present,"profound changes unseen for a century"call for more effective common solution on the global plane.展开更多
The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers o...The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers obtained by grinding and soaking in water and then drying were used as a stabilizer in the manufacture of these mud bricks from the sample of two sites Dounkiwal (DK) (in Mamou and the sample from the urban commune of Kouroussa). To do this, certain methods and means of identification were carried out, namely: geotechnical, mineralogical and chemical analyses. Sample DK from Mamou has a silty-clay geotechnical characteristic with a plasticity index Ip of 12.75%. However, mineralogical and chemical studies showed that sample Dounkiwal (DK) (Mamou) contains a high proportion of silica and iron oxides (79.63%) and Fe2O3 (11.85%), associated with other alkaline earth oxides and ions: CaO;MgO;SO32−;Cl−, i.e. 3.96%;0.96%;0.28% and 0.039% respectively. Its loss on ignition (LOI) and insoluble residues are 15.40% and 56.36%. The evaluation of the number of huts in Upper and Middle Guinea showed that the populations of these areas have been using mud bricks for several decades in the construction of dwellings. The average value found for the compressive strength of these bricks (from samples I, II and III from Kouroussa) is 0.16 MPa. This value is appreciable in the construction of mud houses.展开更多
Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of...Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China’s neighborhood diplomacy has adhered to theoretical innovation and put forward many original and contemporary concepts,reflecting the characteristics of the Marxist theories on international relations and enriching the substance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.展开更多
The year of 1990 is the 100th anniversary of birth of Prof.Zhu Kezhen(Chu Kochen),a great founder of China’s modern meteorology who devoted all his life to its flourishingin the country.It has long been a generally-a...The year of 1990 is the 100th anniversary of birth of Prof.Zhu Kezhen(Chu Kochen),a great founder of China’s modern meteorology who devoted all his life to its flourishingin the country.It has long been a generally-accepted fact that our meteorology of today,in both practical and theoretical aspects,is owed to his enormous contribution.We publishthe special issue of the journal just to cherish the memory of his contribution and of his展开更多
As China embarks on its new journey toward its second centenary goal,profound changes are expected in the geopolitical order and capacity of China’s global marine governance participation.The COVID-19 pandemic has ac...As China embarks on its new journey toward its second centenary goal,profound changes are expected in the geopolitical order and capacity of China’s global marine governance participation.The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated an evolution unseen in more than a century.A significant power game is expected to continue to play out at sea,with global marine governance being put under pressure and security issues becoming more prominent.China’s global marine governance participation has been endowed with more moral responsibilities and expectations.In the new development stage of building a modern socialist country in all respects,the objectives,principles,and paths of China’s participation in global marine governance are expected to be further clarified.In its new"dual circulation strategy"development pattern,China puts more resources into marine governance.To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build itself as a major maritime power,the"maritime community with a shared future"proposed by China is expected to enter a new stage.From conception to implementation,China’s global marine governance contribution will be more prominent.展开更多
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has separated China’s evolving principal social contradictions into four different stages.Based on the assessment of prin...Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has separated China’s evolving principal social contradictions into four different stages.Based on the assessment of principal social contradictions at different points in time,the CPC enacted different economic policies.During 1949-1956,based on the recognition of class struggle as China’s principal social contradiction,the Party focused its economic policies on socialist transformation and established the foundation for the public sector of the economy.During 1956-1978,amid flip-flops in the Party’s assessment of whether class struggle or backward productive forces were the principal contradiction,China’s economic development suffered some setbacks,but the vision for building an industrial country remained unchanged,and resources were focused on developing major national industrial projects.During 1978-2019,the Party focused on economic development and reform and opening up in pursuit of the realization of grand economic development goals based on the assessment that China’s principal social contradiction was between people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs and China’s relatively backward social productive forces.In 2017,the 19th CPC National Congress made the important political assessment that China’s principal social contradiction had transformed into the contradiction between people’s ever-growing need for a better life and China’s unbalanced and inadequate development,and proposed new development concepts to lead the Chinese people on a new journey towards the second centennial goal.The most important experience of the CPC’s economic work is analyzing and solving problems based on Marxist ideology and methodology.展开更多
On May 12,2019 we shall celebrate the centenary birthday of the late Professor Wu Wen-Tsun (1919-2017),one of the most famous and influential mathematicians in China.Wu made foundational contributions to the field of ...On May 12,2019 we shall celebrate the centenary birthday of the late Professor Wu Wen-Tsun (1919-2017),one of the most famous and influential mathematicians in China.Wu made foundational contributions to the field of topology and established Mathematics Mechanization as a discipline.He devoted himself to an academic career of more than six decades with leadership and extensive activities of research and education across mathematics to computer science and artificial intelligence.The scope of his research spans from algebraic topology, differential topology,and algebraic geometry to automated reasoning,symbolic computation, and game theory,and to the history of mathematics.His early work in topology was a major breakthrough,leading to well-known and now classical results including the characteristic class and formulas named after Wu.In the late 1970s,he pioneered the research of Mathematics Mechanization through his invention of the "Wu method",which revolutionized the field of automated reasoning.展开更多
Ahead of the centenary commemoration of the end of World War I in Paris last month,an important time for theintemational community to draw lessons from today's peacekeeping efforts,French President Emmanuel Macron...Ahead of the centenary commemoration of the end of World War I in Paris last month,an important time for theintemational community to draw lessons from today's peacekeeping efforts,French President Emmanuel Macron called for the formation of"a true European army"in a radio interview.In her address to the European Parliament,German Chancellor Angela Merkel echoed Macron,saying."One day,we should work on a vision to create a real,true European army."展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant 2017YFC1200202)the Major Special Projects for Infectious Disease Research of China (grant 2016ZX10004222003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 81401312 and 81373141)supported by the Excellent Young Scientist Program of the NSFC (81822040)
文摘Influenza is one of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans. Every influenza pandemic in history has ended with disastrous outcomes regarding public health and the social economy. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Spanish flu (H1N1) outbreak of 1918, which is recognized as the most lethal natural event in recent history.
文摘Background: Notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS) data guides immediate action for events of public health importance. In July 2016, 12 patients suspected of typhoid were reported to Centenary District Medical Officer by phone. Following reporting, notification forms (T1) were not submitted to district, hence province did not receive district consolidated report (T2) for the notifications. This implies underreporting of notifiable diseases. Study was conducted to evaluate NDSS in Centenary district. Methods: Using updated Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among health workers sampled from all health facilities in Centenary district. Interviewer administered questionnaire and checklists were used to collect data, assess data quality and resource availability. Epi InfoTM 7 generated frequencies and proportions. Results: We interviewed 50 respondents from 13 health facilities and 64% were females. Health worker knowledge was rated low, 26% knew whom to notify and 40% knew forms are completed in triplicate. Reasons for failure to notify notifiable diseases included, unavailability of reporting forms 32% and lack of reporting guidelines 16%. Ninety-two percent were willing to participate. Four health facilities had at least six standard case definitions. The first two patients were only diagnosed at district level. NDSS information was used to procure antirabies vaccine and implement control measures. Conclusion: NDSS is useful, acceptable, unstable and not sensitive. Failure to notify was mainly due to lack of knowledge on NDSS. We recommend training of health workers and mentoring. Fifteen (IEC) case definitions and reporting guidelines were distributed to five health facilities.
文摘Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi Jinping’s important statements have systematically answered such questions as what type of laws and trends of historical development should be followed,how did the Party follow the laws and trends of historical development in its centennial history,and how should the laws and trends of historical development be followed in a new era.The birth of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the victory of China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the unveiling of a new era for reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics are all the results of grasping the laws and trends of historical development.Over the past century,the Party has followed the laws and trends of historical development and continuously advanced the sinicization of Marxism on the basis of adhering to the unification between truth and values.In pursuit of“putting people first,”the Party has courageously been reforming itself and made relentless progress in the great endeavor of Party building.History shows that a keen appreciation of the laws and trends of historical development is an important sign of political maturity for a proletarian party.Only by applying Marxism according to current times and conditions will we keep abreast with the laws and trends of historical development.We should establish a broader concept of history and identify the laws and trends of historical development from the interactions and linkages between China and the rest of the world.We must recognize and promote the outstanding role of great leaders in steering the country in line with the laws and trends of historical development.
文摘ZANG Kejla was already a well-known fi-gure in Chinese literary circles during the1930s.Mao Zedong used to invite him tothe Qingzheng Hall to talk about poetry and edita few pieces,and the two became good friends.AsMao’s 100th birthday approached,I visited thepoet to talk with him about the late chairman’spoetry.Mao Zedong is a name known across theworld.A great revolutionary,politician and mili-tary scientist,he was also a poet at heart.Someforeign observers once wondered that“a poet hadcreated a new China.”His pieces have a veryrevolutionary flavor that recount to his readers
文摘Prof. Duzheng YE （also spelt Tu-Cheng Yeh） was one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China. He devoted himself to the Earth sciences for more than 70 years, during which time his contributions, to name just a few, included establishing Tibetan Plateau meteorology; developing the theory of atmospheric longwave energy dispersion, and therefore providing the theoretical basis for modern weather forecasting.
文摘Although global governance was not a widely recognizable concept until the end of the Cold War,its practice can be traced back to the history of international relations as some of the countries had the experience in solving common problems through transnational coordination.At present,"profound changes unseen for a century"call for more effective common solution on the global plane.
文摘The aim of this study is to enhance the value of local earth materials used in the construction of certain homes in the Republic of Guinea. Thus, a trial study to improve the quality of mud bricks using paper fibers obtained by grinding and soaking in water and then drying were used as a stabilizer in the manufacture of these mud bricks from the sample of two sites Dounkiwal (DK) (in Mamou and the sample from the urban commune of Kouroussa). To do this, certain methods and means of identification were carried out, namely: geotechnical, mineralogical and chemical analyses. Sample DK from Mamou has a silty-clay geotechnical characteristic with a plasticity index Ip of 12.75%. However, mineralogical and chemical studies showed that sample Dounkiwal (DK) (Mamou) contains a high proportion of silica and iron oxides (79.63%) and Fe2O3 (11.85%), associated with other alkaline earth oxides and ions: CaO;MgO;SO32−;Cl−, i.e. 3.96%;0.96%;0.28% and 0.039% respectively. Its loss on ignition (LOI) and insoluble residues are 15.40% and 56.36%. The evaluation of the number of huts in Upper and Middle Guinea showed that the populations of these areas have been using mud bricks for several decades in the construction of dwellings. The average value found for the compressive strength of these bricks (from samples I, II and III from Kouroussa) is 0.16 MPa. This value is appreciable in the construction of mud houses.
文摘Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China’s neighborhood diplomacy has adhered to theoretical innovation and put forward many original and contemporary concepts,reflecting the characteristics of the Marxist theories on international relations and enriching the substance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.
文摘The year of 1990 is the 100th anniversary of birth of Prof.Zhu Kezhen(Chu Kochen),a great founder of China’s modern meteorology who devoted all his life to its flourishingin the country.It has long been a generally-accepted fact that our meteorology of today,in both practical and theoretical aspects,is owed to his enormous contribution.We publishthe special issue of the journal just to cherish the memory of his contribution and of his
文摘As China embarks on its new journey toward its second centenary goal,profound changes are expected in the geopolitical order and capacity of China’s global marine governance participation.The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated an evolution unseen in more than a century.A significant power game is expected to continue to play out at sea,with global marine governance being put under pressure and security issues becoming more prominent.China’s global marine governance participation has been endowed with more moral responsibilities and expectations.In the new development stage of building a modern socialist country in all respects,the objectives,principles,and paths of China’s participation in global marine governance are expected to be further clarified.In its new"dual circulation strategy"development pattern,China puts more resources into marine governance.To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build itself as a major maritime power,the"maritime community with a shared future"proposed by China is expected to enter a new stage.From conception to implementation,China’s global marine governance contribution will be more prominent.
文摘Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has separated China’s evolving principal social contradictions into four different stages.Based on the assessment of principal social contradictions at different points in time,the CPC enacted different economic policies.During 1949-1956,based on the recognition of class struggle as China’s principal social contradiction,the Party focused its economic policies on socialist transformation and established the foundation for the public sector of the economy.During 1956-1978,amid flip-flops in the Party’s assessment of whether class struggle or backward productive forces were the principal contradiction,China’s economic development suffered some setbacks,but the vision for building an industrial country remained unchanged,and resources were focused on developing major national industrial projects.During 1978-2019,the Party focused on economic development and reform and opening up in pursuit of the realization of grand economic development goals based on the assessment that China’s principal social contradiction was between people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs and China’s relatively backward social productive forces.In 2017,the 19th CPC National Congress made the important political assessment that China’s principal social contradiction had transformed into the contradiction between people’s ever-growing need for a better life and China’s unbalanced and inadequate development,and proposed new development concepts to lead the Chinese people on a new journey towards the second centennial goal.The most important experience of the CPC’s economic work is analyzing and solving problems based on Marxist ideology and methodology.
文摘On May 12,2019 we shall celebrate the centenary birthday of the late Professor Wu Wen-Tsun (1919-2017),one of the most famous and influential mathematicians in China.Wu made foundational contributions to the field of topology and established Mathematics Mechanization as a discipline.He devoted himself to an academic career of more than six decades with leadership and extensive activities of research and education across mathematics to computer science and artificial intelligence.The scope of his research spans from algebraic topology, differential topology,and algebraic geometry to automated reasoning,symbolic computation, and game theory,and to the history of mathematics.His early work in topology was a major breakthrough,leading to well-known and now classical results including the characteristic class and formulas named after Wu.In the late 1970s,he pioneered the research of Mathematics Mechanization through his invention of the "Wu method",which revolutionized the field of automated reasoning.
文摘Ahead of the centenary commemoration of the end of World War I in Paris last month,an important time for theintemational community to draw lessons from today's peacekeeping efforts,French President Emmanuel Macron called for the formation of"a true European army"in a radio interview.In her address to the European Parliament,German Chancellor Angela Merkel echoed Macron,saying."One day,we should work on a vision to create a real,true European army."
