The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an environment-friendly method for improving soil mechanical properties.The extraction and application of plant crude urease reduces the treatment cost.However,in terms o...Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an environment-friendly method for improving soil mechanical properties.The extraction and application of plant crude urease reduces the treatment cost.However,in terms of the efficiency of calcium carbonate production and cementation,crude urease is considered inferior to pure urease or urease bacteria.In this paper,urease extracted from soybean was used to explore the effects of urease activity,treatment method,number of treatments(NTs),injection rate,and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength and calcium carbonate distribution characteristics of EICP-treated sand.The results showed that,compared with the pre-mixing method and the two-phase method,the one-phase method produced higher strength and a more uniform distribution of calcium carbonate.The cementation efficiency decreased with the increase of urease activity.The high-rate injection can improve the treatment effect of high-activity urease.Under the same cementation level,high strength and calcium carbonate cementation efficiency can be achieved by one-phase-low-activity EICP treatment.Data Availability Statement:All data,models,and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.展开更多
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.42177454)the Training Plan of Young Scholar in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province,China(Grant No.2019GGJS041)Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province,China(Grant No.YJS2021JD13).
文摘Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an environment-friendly method for improving soil mechanical properties.The extraction and application of plant crude urease reduces the treatment cost.However,in terms of the efficiency of calcium carbonate production and cementation,crude urease is considered inferior to pure urease or urease bacteria.In this paper,urease extracted from soybean was used to explore the effects of urease activity,treatment method,number of treatments(NTs),injection rate,and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength and calcium carbonate distribution characteristics of EICP-treated sand.The results showed that,compared with the pre-mixing method and the two-phase method,the one-phase method produced higher strength and a more uniform distribution of calcium carbonate.The cementation efficiency decreased with the increase of urease activity.The high-rate injection can improve the treatment effect of high-activity urease.Under the same cementation level,high strength and calcium carbonate cementation efficiency can be achieved by one-phase-low-activity EICP treatment.Data Availability Statement:All data,models,and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.
