In this study, two ploidy mutant lines ofMyrica rubra cv. Dongkui （DK） were identiifed and named as DB1 and DB2. The lforal organ, leaf cel structure, ploidy, and number of chromosomes of the two mutants were invest...In this study, two ploidy mutant lines ofMyrica rubra cv. Dongkui （DK） were identiifed and named as DB1 and DB2. The lforal organ, leaf cel structure, ploidy, and number of chromosomes of the two mutants were investigated. Meanwhile, anthocyanin contents at different developmental stages were analyzed, and the Cy-3-glu contents of DB1 and DB2 at the ful ripe stages are signiifcantly higher than that of DK by 27.84 and 23.51%, respectively. Furthermore, 6 RNA libraries at two developmental stages （young fruit stage and ful ripe stage） were built for RNA-Seq. By mapping to the reference database, 28407, 28043, and 28683 genes were detected in the young fruit of DB1, DB2, and DK, respectively, while 28040, 22256, and 27351 genes were detected in the ful ripe stage, respectively. There were 281 differentialy expressed genes between DB1 and DK, with 123 and 158 genes up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, and 47 differentialy expressed genes between DB2 and DK, of which 8 and 39 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated. Using real-time PCR, the expression levels of the eight functional genes at different developmental stages of the fruit were also analyzed. These comprehensive analyses showed that both mutants are different from DK, which is the result of natural doubling of ploidy, thereby generating a pleiotropic effect. As we known, it is the ifrst report to study the relationship between bayberry ploidy alterations and genes involved in regulation of fruit mutations, which wil help to identify the morphological and cytological characteristics ofM. rubragermplasm, and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement and creation of breeding resources.展开更多
Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes ...Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.展开更多
基金supported by the 12th Five-year Plan of Bayberry Special Breeding,Zhejiang Province,China(2012C12904-3.2)Taizhou Science and Technology Bureau,China(2013A22010)
文摘In this study, two ploidy mutant lines ofMyrica rubra cv. Dongkui （DK） were identiifed and named as DB1 and DB2. The lforal organ, leaf cel structure, ploidy, and number of chromosomes of the two mutants were investigated. Meanwhile, anthocyanin contents at different developmental stages were analyzed, and the Cy-3-glu contents of DB1 and DB2 at the ful ripe stages are signiifcantly higher than that of DK by 27.84 and 23.51%, respectively. Furthermore, 6 RNA libraries at two developmental stages （young fruit stage and ful ripe stage） were built for RNA-Seq. By mapping to the reference database, 28407, 28043, and 28683 genes were detected in the young fruit of DB1, DB2, and DK, respectively, while 28040, 22256, and 27351 genes were detected in the ful ripe stage, respectively. There were 281 differentialy expressed genes between DB1 and DK, with 123 and 158 genes up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, and 47 differentialy expressed genes between DB2 and DK, of which 8 and 39 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated. Using real-time PCR, the expression levels of the eight functional genes at different developmental stages of the fruit were also analyzed. These comprehensive analyses showed that both mutants are different from DK, which is the result of natural doubling of ploidy, thereby generating a pleiotropic effect. As we known, it is the ifrst report to study the relationship between bayberry ploidy alterations and genes involved in regulation of fruit mutations, which wil help to identify the morphological and cytological characteristics ofM. rubragermplasm, and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement and creation of breeding resources.
基金the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),Brazil,which provided financial support for Francisco Pedraza-Ordonez through the Post-doctoral Fellowship2011/23737-3.
文摘Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.
