Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,e...Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,equipment,and expertise needed to conduct laboratory cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)to determine the maximal rate of oxygen uptake(VO2max)as an objective measure of CRF.Alternatively,indirect estimates of CRF have been applied by measuring maximal duration on treadmill or cycle ergometer tests,2,3 extrapolating maximal CRF from workload or heart rate during submaximal fitness tests,4,5 and using non-exercise algorithms to estimate CRF from an individual’s age,sex,body mass,and physical activity habits.6 It is assumed that objectively measured VO2max is superior to extrapolated and estimated values due to errors associated with the estimated values;7,8 however,until Singh et al.9 newly released article in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,the comparability of these methods in identifying risks for all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality was unknown.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a...AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C 3F 8 gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.展开更多
Many mechanical systems have the characteristics of multiple failure modes and complex failure mech- anisms. On the basis of stress-strength interference （SSI） model, this paper takes the mechanical system with comm...Many mechanical systems have the characteristics of multiple failure modes and complex failure mech- anisms. On the basis of stress-strength interference （SSI） model, this paper takes the mechanical system with common cause failure （CCF） as the research object. The relationship between the stress distribution and the strength distribution is studied, and the failures of components are independent of each other under the determin- istic stress. Then, the concept of conditional reliability is introduced to build the system reliability models under the action of one-stress and multi-stress for both series and parallel systems. Finally, the corresponding properties of the DrODosed methods are discussed to show their advantages.展开更多
Objectives:Malignant hypertension(MHT)is defi ned as severe hypertension accompanied by ischemic failure of one or more organs.The aims of this study were to evaluate the current clinical and etiologic profi les of MH...Objectives:Malignant hypertension(MHT)is defi ned as severe hypertension accompanied by ischemic failure of one or more organs.The aims of this study were to evaluate the current clinical and etiologic profi les of MHT.Methods:As a retrospective study,we selected all patients admitted to our center from January 2013 to December 2016.Seventy patients with MHT were included.Results:The average age of the patients was 40 years,and more than half of the patients were male(78.57%).There were 24 patients with essential hypertension,accounting for 34.29%of the patients,and 46 with secondary hypertension,accounting for 65.71%of the patients.For secondary MHT,systemic vasculitis(25.57%)was the most common cause,followed by severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(15.71%),primary renal parenchymal hypertension(11.43%),primary aldosteronism(7.14%),and Cushing syndrome(1.43%)and nutcracker phenomenon(1.43%).Twenty patients with systemic vasculitis were characterized by severe hypertension accompanied by damage to two or more target organs of differing severity.The levels of white blood cells,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,serum creatinine,and 24-hour urinary protein were above their normal range.Conclusion:Systemic vasculitis may be one of the main causes of MHT,and has been underestimated in the past.In future clinical work,clinicians need to pay more attention to patients with systemic vasculitis.展开更多
The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, en...The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.展开更多
A 34-year-old male patient underwent conservative management for traumatic hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe（Figure 1A）.The patient lost consciousness for approximately 4 weeks and experienced post-traumatic amne...A 34-year-old male patient underwent conservative management for traumatic hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe（Figure 1A）.The patient lost consciousness for approximately 4 weeks and experienced post-traumatic amnesia continuously from the time of the accident.The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score（Teasdale et al.,1974）was 6展开更多
Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,...Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated he...OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a...With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgi...BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgitation(AR)has not been thoroughly investigated.This study aims to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and mortality in this specific patient population.METHODS Our analysis included 873 elderly AR patients from the China Valvular Heart Disease study,with baseline serum albumin measured at enrollment.Mortality outcomes were monitored for two years post-enrollment,employing a Cox proportional hazards model with a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards framework to investigate the nonlinear relationship between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality.RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period,we observed 63 all-cause deaths.The association between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality displayed an approximating L-shaped curve,indicating a mortality threshold at 35 g/L.For serum albumin levels below 35 g/L,each 1 g/L decrease was associated with a 25%higher risk of all-cause mortality(HR=1.25,95%CI:1.07–1.45).In contrast,no significant change in mortality risk was observed when serum albumin levels were greater than or equal to 35 g/L.Moreover,when serum albumin is classified as hypoproteinemia(serum albumin<35 g/L),the higher risks of all-cause death were observed in hypoproteinemic patients(HR=2.93,95%CI:1.50–5.74).More importantly,the association between serum albumin and death was significantly stronger in overweight/obese patients(≥24 kg/m^(2)vs.<24 kg/m^(2),Pinteraction=0.006).CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients with AR,serum albumin levels showed an approximating L-shaped relationship with all-cause death,with thresholds of 35 g/L.Body mass index was significant effect modifiers of the association.These results suggest that serum albumin,as an inexpensive and readily available biochemical marker,may further improve the stratified risk of mortality in older AR patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND The correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)and the prognosis of patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia has not been studied.This study aims to explore the relationship between GNRI and ...BACKGROUND The correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)and the prognosis of patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia has not been studied.This study aims to explore the relationship between GNRI and the cardiovascular disease(CVD)and all-cause mortality rates in elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia.METHODS This study included 4756 patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).We used multivariable Cox regression and subgroup analyses to investigate the correlation between GNRI and mortality rates.The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess the dose-response relationship between GNRI and mortality risk.Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect of chronic kidney disease on the relationship between nutritional risk and mortality.RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 114 months,a total of 1241 deaths(26.09%)occurred,including 300 deaths due to CVD(6.31%).In the fully adjusted Model 3,compared to the no-risk group,the risk group showed significantly increased all-cause mortality risk(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.74–2.40)and CVD mortality risk(HR=1.88,95%CI:1.30–2.71).The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non-linear association between GNRI and all-cause mortality risk as well as CVD mortality risk.The mediation analysis results indicated that chronic kidney disease mediates 16.9%of the effect of nutritional risk on all-cause mortality and 25.3%on CVD mortality risk.CONCLUSIONS GNRI can serve as a predictive factor for all-cause and CVD mortality rates in elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Blood glucose and serum albumin have been associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis,but the impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio(AAR)on adverse outcomes in critical ill coronary artery ...BACKGROUND Blood glucose and serum albumin have been associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis,but the impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio(AAR)on adverse outcomes in critical ill coronary artery disease(CAD)patients was not investigated.METHODS Patients diagnosed with CAD were non-consecutively selected from the MIMIC-IV database and categorized into quartiles based on their AAR.The primary outcome was 1-year mortality,and secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality,acute kidney injury(AKI),and renal replacement therapy(RRT).A restricted cubic splines model and Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association between AAR and adverse outcomes in CAD patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined differences in endpoints across subgroups.RESULTS A total of 8360 patients were included.There were 726 patients(8.7%)died in the hospital and 1944 patients(23%)died at 1 year.The incidence of AKI and RRT was 63%and 4.3%,respectively.High AAR was markedly associated with in-hospital mortality(HR=1.587,P=0.003),1-year mortality(HR=1.502,P<0.001),AKI incidence(HR=1.579,P<0.001),and RRT(HR=1.640,P<0.016)in CAD patients in the completely adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis noted substantial differences in all endpoints based on AAR quartiles.Stratified analysis and interaction test demonstrated stable correlations between AAR and outcomes.CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that AAR may be a potential indicator for assessing in-hospital mortality,1-year mortality,and adverse renal prognosis in critical CAD patients.展开更多
A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting....A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To de...BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.展开更多
Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients ...Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients still have not received a definite genetic diagnosis.Therefore,identifying unreported causative genes continues to be of great importance.Here,we perform whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese HSP patients.Three homozygous variants(p.L604W,p.S517F,and p.T984A)within the sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2(SREBF2)gene are identified in one autosomal recessive family and two sporadic patients,respectively.Co-segregation is confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all available members.The three variants are rare in the public or in-house database and are predicted to be damaging.The biological impacts of variants in SREBF2 are examined by functional experiments in patient-derived fibroblasts and Drosophila.We find that the variants upregulate cellular cholesterol due to the overactivation of SREBP2,eventually impairing the autophagosomal and lysosomal functions.The overexpression of the mature form of SREBP2 leads to locomotion defects in Drosophila.Our findings identify SREBF2 as a causative gene for HSP and highlight the impairment of cholesterol as a critical pathway for HSP.展开更多
Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in rece...Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.展开更多
Based on the monitoring data of air quality and conventional meteorological data in Shaoyang City,a severe pollution weather process in Shaoyang from December 25,2023 to January 1,2024 was analyzed from the aspects of...Based on the monitoring data of air quality and conventional meteorological data in Shaoyang City,a severe pollution weather process in Shaoyang from December 25,2023 to January 1,2024 was analyzed from the aspects of changes in pollutant concentration,circulation background,and changes in various meteorological elements.The results show that this severe pollution weather process was a compound pollution process caused by accumulation of local pollutants and transportation of external pollutants,during which the primary pollutant was PM_(2.5).During the accumulation stage,the ground was controlled by a uniform pressure field,and the conditions of atmospheric diffusion were poor.During the outbreak stage,the wind on the ground was from the northeast,which was conducive to the input of upstream pollution clusters into the city.Pollutant concentration was inversely correlated with daily average sea-level pressure,and positively correlated with daily average temperature.Wind speed and direction were closely related to PM_(2.5)concentration.During the accumulation stage,the ground was mainly dominated by weak winds,and the conditions of atmospheric diffusion were poor.During the outbreak stage,the continuous northeastward wind continuously transported upstream pollutants to Shaoyang area.Local pollutants accumulated in the previous stable weather process and the terrain led to the outbreak of local pollution.展开更多
文摘Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,equipment,and expertise needed to conduct laboratory cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)to determine the maximal rate of oxygen uptake(VO2max)as an objective measure of CRF.Alternatively,indirect estimates of CRF have been applied by measuring maximal duration on treadmill or cycle ergometer tests,2,3 extrapolating maximal CRF from workload or heart rate during submaximal fitness tests,4,5 and using non-exercise algorithms to estimate CRF from an individual’s age,sex,body mass,and physical activity habits.6 It is assumed that objectively measured VO2max is superior to extrapolated and estimated values due to errors associated with the estimated values;7,8 however,until Singh et al.9 newly released article in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,the comparability of these methods in identifying risks for all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality was unknown.
文摘AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C 3F 8 gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71771186 and 71471147)the 111 Project(No.B13044)the Basic Research Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.3102014JCS05013)
文摘Many mechanical systems have the characteristics of multiple failure modes and complex failure mech- anisms. On the basis of stress-strength interference （SSI） model, this paper takes the mechanical system with common cause failure （CCF） as the research object. The relationship between the stress distribution and the strength distribution is studied, and the failures of components are independent of each other under the determin- istic stress. Then, the concept of conditional reliability is introduced to build the system reliability models under the action of one-stress and multi-stress for both series and parallel systems. Finally, the corresponding properties of the DrODosed methods are discussed to show their advantages.
基金the Special Foundation of Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of China(grant number 2014KL014)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81360051).
文摘Objectives:Malignant hypertension(MHT)is defi ned as severe hypertension accompanied by ischemic failure of one or more organs.The aims of this study were to evaluate the current clinical and etiologic profi les of MHT.Methods:As a retrospective study,we selected all patients admitted to our center from January 2013 to December 2016.Seventy patients with MHT were included.Results:The average age of the patients was 40 years,and more than half of the patients were male(78.57%).There were 24 patients with essential hypertension,accounting for 34.29%of the patients,and 46 with secondary hypertension,accounting for 65.71%of the patients.For secondary MHT,systemic vasculitis(25.57%)was the most common cause,followed by severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(15.71%),primary renal parenchymal hypertension(11.43%),primary aldosteronism(7.14%),and Cushing syndrome(1.43%)and nutcracker phenomenon(1.43%).Twenty patients with systemic vasculitis were characterized by severe hypertension accompanied by damage to two or more target organs of differing severity.The levels of white blood cells,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,serum creatinine,and 24-hour urinary protein were above their normal range.Conclusion:Systemic vasculitis may be one of the main causes of MHT,and has been underestimated in the past.In future clinical work,clinicians need to pay more attention to patients with systemic vasculitis.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2014ZX04014-011)
文摘The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP),No.2015R1A2A2A01004073
文摘A 34-year-old male patient underwent conservative management for traumatic hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe（Figure 1A）.The patient lost consciousness for approximately 4 weeks and experienced post-traumatic amnesia continuously from the time of the accident.The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score（Teasdale et al.,1974）was 6
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Project(Nos.DD20220864 and DD20243077).
文摘Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Special Project of the Autonomous Region(No.2022B03023-3)the Key Supported Discipline of Health System in Shanghai(No.2023ZDFC0302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62372121the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Science project under Grant No.20YJAZH118+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020YFB1005804the MOE Project at Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies。
文摘With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-12M-3-002)the Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Operating Expenses,China(Zero Balance 2022-GSP-GG-15)the Natural Science Foundation Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2022LHQN08003).
文摘BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgitation(AR)has not been thoroughly investigated.This study aims to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and mortality in this specific patient population.METHODS Our analysis included 873 elderly AR patients from the China Valvular Heart Disease study,with baseline serum albumin measured at enrollment.Mortality outcomes were monitored for two years post-enrollment,employing a Cox proportional hazards model with a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards framework to investigate the nonlinear relationship between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality.RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period,we observed 63 all-cause deaths.The association between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality displayed an approximating L-shaped curve,indicating a mortality threshold at 35 g/L.For serum albumin levels below 35 g/L,each 1 g/L decrease was associated with a 25%higher risk of all-cause mortality(HR=1.25,95%CI:1.07–1.45).In contrast,no significant change in mortality risk was observed when serum albumin levels were greater than or equal to 35 g/L.Moreover,when serum albumin is classified as hypoproteinemia(serum albumin<35 g/L),the higher risks of all-cause death were observed in hypoproteinemic patients(HR=2.93,95%CI:1.50–5.74).More importantly,the association between serum albumin and death was significantly stronger in overweight/obese patients(≥24 kg/m^(2)vs.<24 kg/m^(2),Pinteraction=0.006).CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients with AR,serum albumin levels showed an approximating L-shaped relationship with all-cause death,with thresholds of 35 g/L.Body mass index was significant effect modifiers of the association.These results suggest that serum albumin,as an inexpensive and readily available biochemical marker,may further improve the stratified risk of mortality in older AR patients.
文摘BACKGROUND The correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)and the prognosis of patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia has not been studied.This study aims to explore the relationship between GNRI and the cardiovascular disease(CVD)and all-cause mortality rates in elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia.METHODS This study included 4756 patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).We used multivariable Cox regression and subgroup analyses to investigate the correlation between GNRI and mortality rates.The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess the dose-response relationship between GNRI and mortality risk.Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect of chronic kidney disease on the relationship between nutritional risk and mortality.RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 114 months,a total of 1241 deaths(26.09%)occurred,including 300 deaths due to CVD(6.31%).In the fully adjusted Model 3,compared to the no-risk group,the risk group showed significantly increased all-cause mortality risk(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.74–2.40)and CVD mortality risk(HR=1.88,95%CI:1.30–2.71).The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non-linear association between GNRI and all-cause mortality risk as well as CVD mortality risk.The mediation analysis results indicated that chronic kidney disease mediates 16.9%of the effect of nutritional risk on all-cause mortality and 25.3%on CVD mortality risk.CONCLUSIONS GNRI can serve as a predictive factor for all-cause and CVD mortality rates in elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82370336&No.82330014)the Key Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province(2022ZX06C23&JD2023SJ44)the Research Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(No.2021M19).
文摘BACKGROUND Blood glucose and serum albumin have been associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis,but the impact of admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio(AAR)on adverse outcomes in critical ill coronary artery disease(CAD)patients was not investigated.METHODS Patients diagnosed with CAD were non-consecutively selected from the MIMIC-IV database and categorized into quartiles based on their AAR.The primary outcome was 1-year mortality,and secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality,acute kidney injury(AKI),and renal replacement therapy(RRT).A restricted cubic splines model and Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association between AAR and adverse outcomes in CAD patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined differences in endpoints across subgroups.RESULTS A total of 8360 patients were included.There were 726 patients(8.7%)died in the hospital and 1944 patients(23%)died at 1 year.The incidence of AKI and RRT was 63%and 4.3%,respectively.High AAR was markedly associated with in-hospital mortality(HR=1.587,P=0.003),1-year mortality(HR=1.502,P<0.001),AKI incidence(HR=1.579,P<0.001),and RRT(HR=1.640,P<0.016)in CAD patients in the completely adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis noted substantial differences in all endpoints based on AAR quartiles.Stratified analysis and interaction test demonstrated stable correlations between AAR and outcomes.CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that AAR may be a potential indicator for assessing in-hospital mortality,1-year mortality,and adverse renal prognosis in critical CAD patients.
基金Supported by Key R&D Projects of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology"Study on Key Modern Processing Techniques and Product Development of Huarong Mustard"(2023NK2039).
文摘A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Zhi-Ying Wu(82230062,Beijing),Qiao Wei(82402156,Beijing),and Wanzhong Ge(31970668,Beijing)the research foundation for distinguished scholar of Zhejiang University(188020-193810101/089,Hangzhou)to Zhi-Ying Wu
文摘Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients still have not received a definite genetic diagnosis.Therefore,identifying unreported causative genes continues to be of great importance.Here,we perform whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese HSP patients.Three homozygous variants(p.L604W,p.S517F,and p.T984A)within the sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2(SREBF2)gene are identified in one autosomal recessive family and two sporadic patients,respectively.Co-segregation is confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all available members.The three variants are rare in the public or in-house database and are predicted to be damaging.The biological impacts of variants in SREBF2 are examined by functional experiments in patient-derived fibroblasts and Drosophila.We find that the variants upregulate cellular cholesterol due to the overactivation of SREBP2,eventually impairing the autophagosomal and lysosomal functions.The overexpression of the mature form of SREBP2 leads to locomotion defects in Drosophila.Our findings identify SREBF2 as a causative gene for HSP and highlight the impairment of cholesterol as a critical pathway for HSP.
文摘Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.
文摘Based on the monitoring data of air quality and conventional meteorological data in Shaoyang City,a severe pollution weather process in Shaoyang from December 25,2023 to January 1,2024 was analyzed from the aspects of changes in pollutant concentration,circulation background,and changes in various meteorological elements.The results show that this severe pollution weather process was a compound pollution process caused by accumulation of local pollutants and transportation of external pollutants,during which the primary pollutant was PM_(2.5).During the accumulation stage,the ground was controlled by a uniform pressure field,and the conditions of atmospheric diffusion were poor.During the outbreak stage,the wind on the ground was from the northeast,which was conducive to the input of upstream pollution clusters into the city.Pollutant concentration was inversely correlated with daily average sea-level pressure,and positively correlated with daily average temperature.Wind speed and direction were closely related to PM_(2.5)concentration.During the accumulation stage,the ground was mainly dominated by weak winds,and the conditions of atmospheric diffusion were poor.During the outbreak stage,the continuous northeastward wind continuously transported upstream pollutants to Shaoyang area.Local pollutants accumulated in the previous stable weather process and the terrain led to the outbreak of local pollution.
