Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,e...Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,equipment,and expertise needed to conduct laboratory cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)to determine the maximal rate of oxygen uptake(VO2max)as an objective measure of CRF.Alternatively,indirect estimates of CRF have been applied by measuring maximal duration on treadmill or cycle ergometer tests,2,3 extrapolating maximal CRF from workload or heart rate during submaximal fitness tests,4,5 and using non-exercise algorithms to estimate CRF from an individual’s age,sex,body mass,and physical activity habits.6 It is assumed that objectively measured VO2max is superior to extrapolated and estimated values due to errors associated with the estimated values;7,8 however,until Singh et al.9 newly released article in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,the comparability of these methods in identifying risks for all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality was unknown.展开更多
Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients ...Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients still have not received a definite genetic diagnosis.Therefore,identifying unreported causative genes continues to be of great importance.Here,we perform whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese HSP patients.Three homozygous variants(p.L604W,p.S517F,and p.T984A)within the sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2(SREBF2)gene are identified in one autosomal recessive family and two sporadic patients,respectively.Co-segregation is confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all available members.The three variants are rare in the public or in-house database and are predicted to be damaging.The biological impacts of variants in SREBF2 are examined by functional experiments in patient-derived fibroblasts and Drosophila.We find that the variants upregulate cellular cholesterol due to the overactivation of SREBP2,eventually impairing the autophagosomal and lysosomal functions.The overexpression of the mature form of SREBP2 leads to locomotion defects in Drosophila.Our findings identify SREBF2 as a causative gene for HSP and highlight the impairment of cholesterol as a critical pathway for HSP.展开更多
Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem worldwide. Objectives: Our study aims to present the results of an analysis of reviews of maternal deaths at HGOPY. Methodology: This was a descript...Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem worldwide. Objectives: Our study aims to present the results of an analysis of reviews of maternal deaths at HGOPY. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from archived records and reviewed maternal death reports. Our study lasted 8 months, from October 1, 2023 to May 31, 2024. The study covered maternal death files at the HGOPY over an 8-year period, from 1st of January 2016 to the 31st of December 2023. Data were processed and analyzed using Statitical Paquage for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: We counted a total of 160 maternal deaths, of which 97 had been reviewed. We excluded 61 deceased women reviewed and retained 33. We recorded a cumulative total of 160 maternal deaths and 19,651 live births. The peak in the proportion of maternal deaths at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital was in 2021, with a proportion of 0.013. No maternal deaths had been reviewed between 2016 to 2017. Most deaths (64%) occurred between 37 and 40 weeks. The majority (30.5%) were aged between 30 and 35. The data show that 80.6% of maternal deaths were due to direct obstetric causes, while 19.4% were due to indirect causes. Most deaths (69.4%) were preventable. Only 8.3% were not preventable. Conclusion: Concerted efforts must be made to adapt maternal death prevention and management strategies to local contexts in order to significantly reduce these alarming figures.展开更多
The increasing cost of infrastructure development risks stifling national investment plans.Many projects in Uganda have suffered because of the frequency and magnitude of claims made by parties involved especially the...The increasing cost of infrastructure development risks stifling national investment plans.Many projects in Uganda have suffered because of the frequency and magnitude of claims made by parties involved especially the contractors.As a result,the construction industry is plagued with claims which quite often lead to adversarial relationships.The major grounds for claims were identified through studying the contract documents where claims had been made.Increase in scope;change orders;errors in contract documents;inclement weather;inflation;delay in possessing the site;and change in the tax policy were the most prevalent grounds for making claims.Problems identified in claiming process include delays in getting approval;information on claims not reliable;hostility from the parties involved;pricing of claims;delays in effecting payment when approved;and overzealous contract interpretation leading to misunderstanding and delays Using a survey on project managers for 64 contractors and their corresponding clients or their representatives,the major ways in which it can be reduced were identified as being thoroughness during the design phase;providing for inflation;proper planning of works;using prequalified contractors;and proper documentation of records.Clients have a big role to play in reducing claims.展开更多
Author:Hu Yan.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the background,causes,process,and impact of the British invasion of Xizang from 1903 to 1904,offering an in-depth analysis of the nature and detrimental act...Author:Hu Yan.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the background,causes,process,and impact of the British invasion of Xizang from 1903 to 1904,offering an in-depth analysis of the nature and detrimental actions of imperialist aggression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To de...BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a...With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.展开更多
Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in rece...Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.展开更多
A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting....A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.展开更多
The accurate prediction and analysis of emergencies in Urban Rail Transit Systems(URTS)are essential for the development of effective early warning and prevention mechanisms.This study presents an integrated perceptio...The accurate prediction and analysis of emergencies in Urban Rail Transit Systems(URTS)are essential for the development of effective early warning and prevention mechanisms.This study presents an integrated perception model designed to predict emergencies and analyze their causes based on historical unstructured emergency data.To address issues related to data structuredness and missing values,we employed label encoding and an Elastic Net Regularization-based Generative Adversarial Interpolation Network(ER-GAIN)for data structuring and imputation.Additionally,to mitigate the impact of imbalanced data on the predictive performance of emergencies,we introduced an Adaptive Boosting Ensemble Model(AdaBoost)to forecast the key features of emergencies,including event types and levels.We also utilized Information Gain(IG)to analyze and rank the causes of various significant emergencies.Experimental results indicate that,compared to baseline data imputation models,ER-GAIN improved the prediction accuracy of key emergency features by 3.67%and 3.78%,respectively.Furthermore,AdaBoost enhanced the accuracy by over 4.34%and 3.25%compared to baseline predictivemodels.Through causation analysis,we identified the critical causes of train operation and fire incidents.The findings of this research will contribute to the establishment of early warning and prevention mechanisms for emergencies in URTS,potentially leading to safer and more reliable URTS operations.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 wer...Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the reference group,implementing conventional medical administration.Another 39 medical incidents from October 2022 to October 2024 were chosen as the experimental group,adopting the matrix medical administration model.The practical indicators such as causes of medical disputes,dispute compensation,medical injury appraisal results,and diagnosis and treatment quality indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the primary reasons for medical disputes were patient-related,and most disputes resulted in no compensation.After medical injury appraisal,most cases were not considered medical injuries.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnosis and treatment quality indicators of the experimental group were superior to those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The matrix medical administration model can reduce medical disputes caused by hospital factors,decrease the proportion of compensation and the incidence of medical injuries,and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,demonstrating high management effectiveness.展开更多
Dysphagia caused by true bulbar paralysis after stroke is a common and serious complication that severely affects patients’eating ability and quality of life,and significantly increases the risk of complications such...Dysphagia caused by true bulbar paralysis after stroke is a common and serious complication that severely affects patients’eating ability and quality of life,and significantly increases the risk of complications such as pneumonia and malnutrition.Electroacupuncture at swallowing points stimulates Swallowing 1 and Swallowing 2 acupoints,acting on key areas such as the glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve,stimulating the reconstruction of nerve reflex arcs and the recovery of swallowing function.Therefore,this article analyzes the mechanism and clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at swallowing points for the treatment of dysphagia caused by true bulbar paralysis after stroke,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical basis for clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgi...BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgitation(AR)has not been thoroughly investigated.This study aims to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and mortality in this specific patient population.METHODS Our analysis included 873 elderly AR patients from the China Valvular Heart Disease study,with baseline serum albumin measured at enrollment.Mortality outcomes were monitored for two years post-enrollment,employing a Cox proportional hazards model with a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards framework to investigate the nonlinear relationship between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality.RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period,we observed 63 all-cause deaths.The association between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality displayed an approximating L-shaped curve,indicating a mortality threshold at 35 g/L.For serum albumin levels below 35 g/L,each 1 g/L decrease was associated with a 25%higher risk of all-cause mortality(HR=1.25,95%CI:1.07–1.45).In contrast,no significant change in mortality risk was observed when serum albumin levels were greater than or equal to 35 g/L.Moreover,when serum albumin is classified as hypoproteinemia(serum albumin<35 g/L),the higher risks of all-cause death were observed in hypoproteinemic patients(HR=2.93,95%CI:1.50–5.74).More importantly,the association between serum albumin and death was significantly stronger in overweight/obese patients(≥24 kg/m^(2)vs.<24 kg/m^(2),Pinteraction=0.006).CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients with AR,serum albumin levels showed an approximating L-shaped relationship with all-cause death,with thresholds of 35 g/L.Body mass index was significant effect modifiers of the association.These results suggest that serum albumin,as an inexpensive and readily available biochemical marker,may further improve the stratified risk of mortality in older AR patients.展开更多
The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designate...The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designated for their conservation.The implementation of a comprehensive set of conservation measures aimed at establishing a biodiversity conservation network for wild plants with extremely small populations has laid the foundation for the health and stability of ecosystems,as well as the harmonious coexistence of humans and the natural environment.Research on the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations serves as a critical foundation for informing and enhancing the effective conservation of such populations.This paper provides a systematic examination of the theoretical and practical conservation status of certain wild plants with extremely small populations and discusses the conservation trends of these populations within the framework of ecological protection red line delineation.In the future,strategies for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations should be integrated with an analysis of the causes of endangerment.This approach will provide a robust foundation for applied research focused on the conservation of these vulnerable plant populations.展开更多
Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothe...Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine plants.To test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan Plateau.Furthermore,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine species.The majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource economics.Although LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical trait.The storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.展开更多
文摘Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies and clinical settings.1 However,the feasibility of measuring maximal CRF is low due to the time,equipment,and expertise needed to conduct laboratory cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)to determine the maximal rate of oxygen uptake(VO2max)as an objective measure of CRF.Alternatively,indirect estimates of CRF have been applied by measuring maximal duration on treadmill or cycle ergometer tests,2,3 extrapolating maximal CRF from workload or heart rate during submaximal fitness tests,4,5 and using non-exercise algorithms to estimate CRF from an individual’s age,sex,body mass,and physical activity habits.6 It is assumed that objectively measured VO2max is superior to extrapolated and estimated values due to errors associated with the estimated values;7,8 however,until Singh et al.9 newly released article in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,the comparability of these methods in identifying risks for all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality was unknown.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Zhi-Ying Wu(82230062,Beijing),Qiao Wei(82402156,Beijing),and Wanzhong Ge(31970668,Beijing)the research foundation for distinguished scholar of Zhejiang University(188020-193810101/089,Hangzhou)to Zhi-Ying Wu
文摘Hereditary spastic paraplegias(HSPs)refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons.To date,a significant number of patients still have not received a definite genetic diagnosis.Therefore,identifying unreported causative genes continues to be of great importance.Here,we perform whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese HSP patients.Three homozygous variants(p.L604W,p.S517F,and p.T984A)within the sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2(SREBF2)gene are identified in one autosomal recessive family and two sporadic patients,respectively.Co-segregation is confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all available members.The three variants are rare in the public or in-house database and are predicted to be damaging.The biological impacts of variants in SREBF2 are examined by functional experiments in patient-derived fibroblasts and Drosophila.We find that the variants upregulate cellular cholesterol due to the overactivation of SREBP2,eventually impairing the autophagosomal and lysosomal functions.The overexpression of the mature form of SREBP2 leads to locomotion defects in Drosophila.Our findings identify SREBF2 as a causative gene for HSP and highlight the impairment of cholesterol as a critical pathway for HSP.
文摘Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem worldwide. Objectives: Our study aims to present the results of an analysis of reviews of maternal deaths at HGOPY. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from archived records and reviewed maternal death reports. Our study lasted 8 months, from October 1, 2023 to May 31, 2024. The study covered maternal death files at the HGOPY over an 8-year period, from 1st of January 2016 to the 31st of December 2023. Data were processed and analyzed using Statitical Paquage for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: We counted a total of 160 maternal deaths, of which 97 had been reviewed. We excluded 61 deceased women reviewed and retained 33. We recorded a cumulative total of 160 maternal deaths and 19,651 live births. The peak in the proportion of maternal deaths at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital was in 2021, with a proportion of 0.013. No maternal deaths had been reviewed between 2016 to 2017. Most deaths (64%) occurred between 37 and 40 weeks. The majority (30.5%) were aged between 30 and 35. The data show that 80.6% of maternal deaths were due to direct obstetric causes, while 19.4% were due to indirect causes. Most deaths (69.4%) were preventable. Only 8.3% were not preventable. Conclusion: Concerted efforts must be made to adapt maternal death prevention and management strategies to local contexts in order to significantly reduce these alarming figures.
文摘The increasing cost of infrastructure development risks stifling national investment plans.Many projects in Uganda have suffered because of the frequency and magnitude of claims made by parties involved especially the contractors.As a result,the construction industry is plagued with claims which quite often lead to adversarial relationships.The major grounds for claims were identified through studying the contract documents where claims had been made.Increase in scope;change orders;errors in contract documents;inclement weather;inflation;delay in possessing the site;and change in the tax policy were the most prevalent grounds for making claims.Problems identified in claiming process include delays in getting approval;information on claims not reliable;hostility from the parties involved;pricing of claims;delays in effecting payment when approved;and overzealous contract interpretation leading to misunderstanding and delays Using a survey on project managers for 64 contractors and their corresponding clients or their representatives,the major ways in which it can be reduced were identified as being thoroughness during the design phase;providing for inflation;proper planning of works;using prequalified contractors;and proper documentation of records.Clients have a big role to play in reducing claims.
文摘Author:Hu Yan.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the background,causes,process,and impact of the British invasion of Xizang from 1903 to 1904,offering an in-depth analysis of the nature and detrimental actions of imperialist aggression.
文摘BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62372121the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Science project under Grant No.20YJAZH118+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020YFB1005804the MOE Project at Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies。
文摘With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.
文摘Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.
基金Supported by Key R&D Projects of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology"Study on Key Modern Processing Techniques and Product Development of Huarong Mustard"(2023NK2039).
文摘A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number 2024YJS096)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 62433005,62272036,62173167).
文摘The accurate prediction and analysis of emergencies in Urban Rail Transit Systems(URTS)are essential for the development of effective early warning and prevention mechanisms.This study presents an integrated perception model designed to predict emergencies and analyze their causes based on historical unstructured emergency data.To address issues related to data structuredness and missing values,we employed label encoding and an Elastic Net Regularization-based Generative Adversarial Interpolation Network(ER-GAIN)for data structuring and imputation.Additionally,to mitigate the impact of imbalanced data on the predictive performance of emergencies,we introduced an Adaptive Boosting Ensemble Model(AdaBoost)to forecast the key features of emergencies,including event types and levels.We also utilized Information Gain(IG)to analyze and rank the causes of various significant emergencies.Experimental results indicate that,compared to baseline data imputation models,ER-GAIN improved the prediction accuracy of key emergency features by 3.67%and 3.78%,respectively.Furthermore,AdaBoost enhanced the accuracy by over 4.34%and 3.25%compared to baseline predictivemodels.Through causation analysis,we identified the critical causes of train operation and fire incidents.The findings of this research will contribute to the establishment of early warning and prevention mechanisms for emergencies in URTS,potentially leading to safer and more reliable URTS operations.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the matrix medical administration model in enhancing medical safety management.Method:A total of 39 medical incidents in the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the reference group,implementing conventional medical administration.Another 39 medical incidents from October 2022 to October 2024 were chosen as the experimental group,adopting the matrix medical administration model.The practical indicators such as causes of medical disputes,dispute compensation,medical injury appraisal results,and diagnosis and treatment quality indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the primary reasons for medical disputes were patient-related,and most disputes resulted in no compensation.After medical injury appraisal,most cases were not considered medical injuries.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnosis and treatment quality indicators of the experimental group were superior to those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The matrix medical administration model can reduce medical disputes caused by hospital factors,decrease the proportion of compensation and the incidence of medical injuries,and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,demonstrating high management effectiveness.
文摘Dysphagia caused by true bulbar paralysis after stroke is a common and serious complication that severely affects patients’eating ability and quality of life,and significantly increases the risk of complications such as pneumonia and malnutrition.Electroacupuncture at swallowing points stimulates Swallowing 1 and Swallowing 2 acupoints,acting on key areas such as the glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve,stimulating the reconstruction of nerve reflex arcs and the recovery of swallowing function.Therefore,this article analyzes the mechanism and clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at swallowing points for the treatment of dysphagia caused by true bulbar paralysis after stroke,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical basis for clinical application.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-12M-3-002)the Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Operating Expenses,China(Zero Balance 2022-GSP-GG-15)the Natural Science Foundation Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2022LHQN08003).
文摘BACKGROUND Low serum albumin levels are established predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions.However,the role of serum albumin in mortality among elderly patients with chronic aortic regurgitation(AR)has not been thoroughly investigated.This study aims to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and mortality in this specific patient population.METHODS Our analysis included 873 elderly AR patients from the China Valvular Heart Disease study,with baseline serum albumin measured at enrollment.Mortality outcomes were monitored for two years post-enrollment,employing a Cox proportional hazards model with a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards framework to investigate the nonlinear relationship between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality.RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period,we observed 63 all-cause deaths.The association between serum albumin levels and all-cause mortality displayed an approximating L-shaped curve,indicating a mortality threshold at 35 g/L.For serum albumin levels below 35 g/L,each 1 g/L decrease was associated with a 25%higher risk of all-cause mortality(HR=1.25,95%CI:1.07–1.45).In contrast,no significant change in mortality risk was observed when serum albumin levels were greater than or equal to 35 g/L.Moreover,when serum albumin is classified as hypoproteinemia(serum albumin<35 g/L),the higher risks of all-cause death were observed in hypoproteinemic patients(HR=2.93,95%CI:1.50–5.74).More importantly,the association between serum albumin and death was significantly stronger in overweight/obese patients(≥24 kg/m^(2)vs.<24 kg/m^(2),Pinteraction=0.006).CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients with AR,serum albumin levels showed an approximating L-shaped relationship with all-cause death,with thresholds of 35 g/L.Body mass index was significant effect modifiers of the association.These results suggest that serum albumin,as an inexpensive and readily available biochemical marker,may further improve the stratified risk of mortality in older AR patients.
基金Supported by 2024 Central Financial Comprehensive Protection Project for Abies chensiensis(610000242000000026647)2024 Provincial Forestry and Grassland Reform and Development Fund for the National Key Wild Plant Protection Project(610000242000000028574)2024 Biodiversity Conservation Project(610000242000000024911).
文摘The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designated for their conservation.The implementation of a comprehensive set of conservation measures aimed at establishing a biodiversity conservation network for wild plants with extremely small populations has laid the foundation for the health and stability of ecosystems,as well as the harmonious coexistence of humans and the natural environment.Research on the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations serves as a critical foundation for informing and enhancing the effective conservation of such populations.This paper provides a systematic examination of the theoretical and practical conservation status of certain wild plants with extremely small populations and discusses the conservation trends of these populations within the framework of ecological protection red line delineation.In the future,strategies for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations should be integrated with an analysis of the causes of endangerment.This approach will provide a robust foundation for applied research focused on the conservation of these vulnerable plant populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192461,32271619 and 32160285)the Natural Science Foundation of Science&Technology Department of Qinghai(2020-ZJ-952Q).
文摘Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine plants.To test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan Plateau.Furthermore,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine species.The majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource economics.Although LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical trait.The storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.
