AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a...AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C_(3)F_(8) gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.展开更多
Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(AN...Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(ANN) to produce a LSM. The LSM is produced with 11 causative factors and then optimized using forward-stepwise LR(FSLR), ANN, and their combination(FSLR-ANN) until eight causative factors were found for each method. The ANN method produced superior validation results compared with LR. The ROC values for the training data set ranges between 0.8 and 0.9. On the other hand, validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high, ANN method was higher(92.59%) than LR(82.12%). FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors gave the best validation results with respect to area under curve(AUC) values, and validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high. In conclusion, ANN was found to be better than LR when producing LSMs. The best Optimization was combination of FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors and AUC success rate 0.847, predictive rate 0.844 and validation with landslide fall into high and very high class with 91.30%. It is an encouraging preliminary model towards a systematic introduction of FSLR-ANN model for optimization causative factors in landslide susceptibility assessment in the mountainous area of Ujung Loe Watershed.展开更多
Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of causative microorganisms recovered from patients with intra-abdominal infections(IAIs).Methods A total of 2,926 bacterial and fungal strain...Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of causative microorganisms recovered from patients with intra-abdominal infections(IAIs).Methods A total of 2,926 bacterial and fungal strains were identified in samples collected from 1,679 patients with IAIs at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 and 2021.Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)was performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and the Kirby–Bauer method.AST results were interpreted based on the M100-Ed31 clinical breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results Of the 2,926 strains identified,49.2%,40.8%,and 9.5%were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi,respectively.Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen in intensive care unit(ICU)and non-ICU patients;however,a significant decrease was observed in the isolation of E.coli between 2011 and 2021.Specifically,significant decreases were observed between 2011 and 2021 in the levels of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli(from 76.9%to 14.3%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(from 45.8%to 4.8%).Polymicrobial infections,particularly those involving co-infection with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,were commonly observed in IAI patients.Moreover,Candida albicans was more commonly isolated from hospital-associated IAI samples,while Staphylococcus epidermidis had a higher ratio in community-associated IAIs.Additionally,AST results revealed that most antimicrobial agents performed better in non-ESBL-producers than in ESBL-producers,while the overall resistance rates(56.9%–76.8%)of Acinetobacter baumanmii were higher against all antimicrobial agents than those of other common gram-negative bacteria.Indeed,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis,S.epidermidis,and S.aureus were consistently found to be susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid.Similarly,C.albicans exhibited high susceptibility to all the tested antifungal drugs.Conclusion The distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative microorganisms from patients with IAls were altered between 2011 and 2021.This finding is valuable for the implementation of evidence-based antimicrobial therapy and provides guidance for the control of hospital infections.展开更多
On the basis of the textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of Wudu earthquake occurred in 186 B.C., we suggest that the earthquake parameters drawn from the present earthquake c...On the basis of the textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of Wudu earthquake occurred in 186 B.C., we suggest that the earthquake parameters drawn from the present earthquake catalogs are not definite and amendments should be made. The heavily-damaged area of this earthquake should be located between Jugan township of Wudu County and Pingding township of Zhouqu County. Its epicenter should be in the vicinity of Lianghekou in Wudu County with a magnitude of about 7-7 1/4 and an intensity of about IX-X. The major axis direction of the heavily-damaged area should be in the WNW direction that is approximately consistent with the strike of the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone, and the origin time should match up to that of the latest paleoearthquake event [before （83±46） B.C.] obtained by the trench investigation. Certain seismic rupture evidences are still preserved on this fault segment. Therefore, we propose on the basis of comprehensive analysis that the causative structure of the M 7-7 1/4 Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. should be in the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone.展开更多
The main objective of this study is to give descriptions of formal and functional aspects of causative constructions in Afaan Oromoo.To achieve the objective,written texts,native speaker informants and introspections ...The main objective of this study is to give descriptions of formal and functional aspects of causative constructions in Afaan Oromoo.To achieve the objective,written texts,native speaker informants and introspections are predominantly used as sources of data.The findings reveal that the three structural aspects of causatives-morphological,lexical and syntactic-are used in the language.Morphological causatives are highly productive,and affixes with-s and-i in several combinations as well as-eess are employed for such purposes.Causative Morphemes are detected to derive causatives of basic verb stems of different semantic categories and to involve causations in word-class changing.There are also simple and complex causations in which there are several causatives suffixes,causers and micro-events indicated morphologically and syntactically.Semantically,direct,indirect,and assistive/cooperative causatives are identified.Pseudo-causatives are uncovered as peculiar futures of the language too.There are,even,structures with explicit causative affixes which are called subjectless causatives,but they do not show any causal relations between the participants in the structure.展开更多
This work interrogates why certain real-world events that meet criteria for being considered causative events cannot be expressed using Hupa’s morphological or syntactic causative constructions,but must be encoded us...This work interrogates why certain real-world events that meet criteria for being considered causative events cannot be expressed using Hupa’s morphological or syntactic causative constructions,but must be encoded using one of two periphrastic constructions in which the Causer or cause is not marked as an argument.Based on fieldwork with a native speaker,I probe into these two periphrastic constructions in depth,accounting for their distributions through an appeal to Næss’s(2007)account of semantic transitivity.展开更多
This paper will make an investigation on the properties of lexical causatives from the cross-linguistic perspective. Specifically, we shall contrast the lexical causatives in English, Japanese and Chinese. We adopt Py...This paper will make an investigation on the properties of lexical causatives from the cross-linguistic perspective. Specifically, we shall contrast the lexical causatives in English, Japanese and Chinese. We adopt Pylkk^inen＇s （2008） minimalist model as the framework. According to this model, the similarity of cross-linguistic causatives is attributed to the presence of the functional head vCAUSE. Variations of causatives in different languages can be attributed to two parameters： （i） whether vCAUSE obligatorily requires the presence of an external argument or not; （ii） the complement of vCAUSE is root-selecting, verb-selecting or phase-selecting. Causatives in languages can be ronghly divided into two types, namely the lexical causatives and the productive ones. As far as lexical causatives are concerned, languages can be classified into Voice-bundling vs. Non-Voice-bundling ones according to whether the presence of an external argument （i.e, causer or cause） is obligatorily required in lexical causatives or not. English is Voice-bundling and Japanese is Non-Voice-bundling. Chinese stands as the third type of languages which may be called semi-Voice-bnndling language since lexical unaccusative causatives in Chinese are Non-Voice-bundling while action-result-compounds unaccusatives （resultative unaccusatives） are Voice-bundling. Causative heads of lexical cat, satires in these three languages are all root-selecting.展开更多
This paper explores the nature of the post-syntactic operations responsible for the representations of the linear order of terminal nodes.In particular,it argues in favor of a unified model of the morphosyntax and mor...This paper explores the nature of the post-syntactic operations responsible for the representations of the linear order of terminal nodes.In particular,it argues in favor of a unified model of the morphosyntax and morphophonology,wherein the theory of Distributed Morphology and Optimality Theory operate in a single module.The testing ground is an investigation of the formation of morphological causatives in Moroccan Arabic.Herein,the process of realizing causatives is morphological gemination,whereby the second consonant of the root is doubled.Investigating the question of what triggers the infixal process,I argue against the linearization algorithm suggested in Embick&Noyer(2001),Embick&Marantz(2008),and Embick(2006,2010).Instead,the claim I defend here is that the onus of the linearization process falls on the prosody in Arabic,the central assumption being that the morphosyntactic structure,the output of the syntactic derivation,is the input to OT morphophonological constraints.These constraints are responsible for the linearization of the terminal nodes of the syntactic derivation.I show that adopting one theory over others misses important generalizations about the language.展开更多
The traditional Japanese grammar teaching often only pays attention to the interpretation of syntax and the integrity of grammar structure. This violates the cultivation of communicative competence, and is not in conf...The traditional Japanese grammar teaching often only pays attention to the interpretation of syntax and the integrity of grammar structure. This violates the cultivation of communicative competence, and is not in conformity with the society’s requirements of applied foreign language talents. Cognitive linguistics theory, which links language form with semantic concept, reveals the internal relation of man’s thinking and language. If we can subtly apply cognitive linguistic theory into Japanese grammar teaching to explore the cognitive process in the speakers’ brain while expressing, we can get a good understanding of diffi cult points and “special case”. This paper explores the introductory methods and efficacy of the cognitive linguistics theory applied in Japanese grammar teaching method, by lecturing causative sentences an example.展开更多
This paper aims at investigating the morphophonological make-up of derived causatives in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince &Smolensky, 2004). Causative verbs in MA are characterized...This paper aims at investigating the morphophonological make-up of derived causatives in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince &Smolensky, 2004). Causative verbs in MA are characterized by the systematic gemination of their medial consonants. However, it is not easy to determine the morphological nature of the causative morpheme involved in this derivation. Also, it is not clearly known why the causative morpheme gets realized exactly on the second segment of the base form.Therefore, we seek to achieve the following goals. First, we intend to determine the nature of the causative morpheme. Second, we aim to explain why the causative morpheme is realized on the second segment of the base form. In this respect, we show that the causative morpheme is represented by a featureless consonantal mora that targets the second segment of the base root, turning it into a geminate. We also show that the causative morpheme gets infixed thanks to the privileged status of root-initial segments.展开更多
Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,...Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated he...OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To de...BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a...With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C_(3)F_(8) gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘Landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs) play a vital role in assisting land use planning and risk mitigation. This study aims to optimize causative factors using logistic regression(LR) and an artificial neural network(ANN) to produce a LSM. The LSM is produced with 11 causative factors and then optimized using forward-stepwise LR(FSLR), ANN, and their combination(FSLR-ANN) until eight causative factors were found for each method. The ANN method produced superior validation results compared with LR. The ROC values for the training data set ranges between 0.8 and 0.9. On the other hand, validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high, ANN method was higher(92.59%) than LR(82.12%). FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors gave the best validation results with respect to area under curve(AUC) values, and validation with the percentage of landslide fall into LSM class high and very high. In conclusion, ANN was found to be better than LR when producing LSMs. The best Optimization was combination of FSLR-ANN with nine causative factors and AUC success rate 0.847, predictive rate 0.844 and validation with landslide fall into high and very high class with 91.30%. It is an encouraging preliminary model towards a systematic introduction of FSLR-ANN model for optimization causative factors in landslide susceptibility assessment in the mountainous area of Ujung Loe Watershed.
基金supported by Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China[2019FY101200]Beijing Key Clinical Specialty for Laboratory Medicine-Excellent Project[ZK201000].
文摘Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of causative microorganisms recovered from patients with intra-abdominal infections(IAIs).Methods A total of 2,926 bacterial and fungal strains were identified in samples collected from 1,679 patients with IAIs at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 and 2021.Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)was performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and the Kirby–Bauer method.AST results were interpreted based on the M100-Ed31 clinical breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results Of the 2,926 strains identified,49.2%,40.8%,and 9.5%were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi,respectively.Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen in intensive care unit(ICU)and non-ICU patients;however,a significant decrease was observed in the isolation of E.coli between 2011 and 2021.Specifically,significant decreases were observed between 2011 and 2021 in the levels of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli(from 76.9%to 14.3%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(from 45.8%to 4.8%).Polymicrobial infections,particularly those involving co-infection with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,were commonly observed in IAI patients.Moreover,Candida albicans was more commonly isolated from hospital-associated IAI samples,while Staphylococcus epidermidis had a higher ratio in community-associated IAIs.Additionally,AST results revealed that most antimicrobial agents performed better in non-ESBL-producers than in ESBL-producers,while the overall resistance rates(56.9%–76.8%)of Acinetobacter baumanmii were higher against all antimicrobial agents than those of other common gram-negative bacteria.Indeed,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis,S.epidermidis,and S.aureus were consistently found to be susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid.Similarly,C.albicans exhibited high susceptibility to all the tested antifungal drugs.Conclusion The distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative microorganisms from patients with IAls were altered between 2011 and 2021.This finding is valuable for the implementation of evidence-based antimicrobial therapy and provides guidance for the control of hospital infections.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40372086)"Short-term and Imminent Tracing Research of Moder-ate-strong Earthquakes in the SN Seismic Belt" by China Earthquake Administration and Scientific Key Foundation Item of Gansu Province (2GS054-A44-015).
文摘On the basis of the textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of Wudu earthquake occurred in 186 B.C., we suggest that the earthquake parameters drawn from the present earthquake catalogs are not definite and amendments should be made. The heavily-damaged area of this earthquake should be located between Jugan township of Wudu County and Pingding township of Zhouqu County. Its epicenter should be in the vicinity of Lianghekou in Wudu County with a magnitude of about 7-7 1/4 and an intensity of about IX-X. The major axis direction of the heavily-damaged area should be in the WNW direction that is approximately consistent with the strike of the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone, and the origin time should match up to that of the latest paleoearthquake event [before （83±46） B.C.] obtained by the trench investigation. Certain seismic rupture evidences are still preserved on this fault segment. Therefore, we propose on the basis of comprehensive analysis that the causative structure of the M 7-7 1/4 Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. should be in the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone.
文摘The main objective of this study is to give descriptions of formal and functional aspects of causative constructions in Afaan Oromoo.To achieve the objective,written texts,native speaker informants and introspections are predominantly used as sources of data.The findings reveal that the three structural aspects of causatives-morphological,lexical and syntactic-are used in the language.Morphological causatives are highly productive,and affixes with-s and-i in several combinations as well as-eess are employed for such purposes.Causative Morphemes are detected to derive causatives of basic verb stems of different semantic categories and to involve causations in word-class changing.There are also simple and complex causations in which there are several causatives suffixes,causers and micro-events indicated morphologically and syntactically.Semantically,direct,indirect,and assistive/cooperative causatives are identified.Pseudo-causatives are uncovered as peculiar futures of the language too.There are,even,structures with explicit causative affixes which are called subjectless causatives,but they do not show any causal relations between the participants in the structure.
文摘This work interrogates why certain real-world events that meet criteria for being considered causative events cannot be expressed using Hupa’s morphological or syntactic causative constructions,but must be encoded using one of two periphrastic constructions in which the Causer or cause is not marked as an argument.Based on fieldwork with a native speaker,I probe into these two periphrastic constructions in depth,accounting for their distributions through an appeal to Næss’s(2007)account of semantic transitivity.
文摘This paper will make an investigation on the properties of lexical causatives from the cross-linguistic perspective. Specifically, we shall contrast the lexical causatives in English, Japanese and Chinese. We adopt Pylkk^inen＇s （2008） minimalist model as the framework. According to this model, the similarity of cross-linguistic causatives is attributed to the presence of the functional head vCAUSE. Variations of causatives in different languages can be attributed to two parameters： （i） whether vCAUSE obligatorily requires the presence of an external argument or not; （ii） the complement of vCAUSE is root-selecting, verb-selecting or phase-selecting. Causatives in languages can be ronghly divided into two types, namely the lexical causatives and the productive ones. As far as lexical causatives are concerned, languages can be classified into Voice-bundling vs. Non-Voice-bundling ones according to whether the presence of an external argument （i.e, causer or cause） is obligatorily required in lexical causatives or not. English is Voice-bundling and Japanese is Non-Voice-bundling. Chinese stands as the third type of languages which may be called semi-Voice-bnndling language since lexical unaccusative causatives in Chinese are Non-Voice-bundling while action-result-compounds unaccusatives （resultative unaccusatives） are Voice-bundling. Causative heads of lexical cat, satires in these three languages are all root-selecting.
文摘This paper explores the nature of the post-syntactic operations responsible for the representations of the linear order of terminal nodes.In particular,it argues in favor of a unified model of the morphosyntax and morphophonology,wherein the theory of Distributed Morphology and Optimality Theory operate in a single module.The testing ground is an investigation of the formation of morphological causatives in Moroccan Arabic.Herein,the process of realizing causatives is morphological gemination,whereby the second consonant of the root is doubled.Investigating the question of what triggers the infixal process,I argue against the linearization algorithm suggested in Embick&Noyer(2001),Embick&Marantz(2008),and Embick(2006,2010).Instead,the claim I defend here is that the onus of the linearization process falls on the prosody in Arabic,the central assumption being that the morphosyntactic structure,the output of the syntactic derivation,is the input to OT morphophonological constraints.These constraints are responsible for the linearization of the terminal nodes of the syntactic derivation.I show that adopting one theory over others misses important generalizations about the language.
文摘The traditional Japanese grammar teaching often only pays attention to the interpretation of syntax and the integrity of grammar structure. This violates the cultivation of communicative competence, and is not in conformity with the society’s requirements of applied foreign language talents. Cognitive linguistics theory, which links language form with semantic concept, reveals the internal relation of man’s thinking and language. If we can subtly apply cognitive linguistic theory into Japanese grammar teaching to explore the cognitive process in the speakers’ brain while expressing, we can get a good understanding of diffi cult points and “special case”. This paper explores the introductory methods and efficacy of the cognitive linguistics theory applied in Japanese grammar teaching method, by lecturing causative sentences an example.
文摘This paper aims at investigating the morphophonological make-up of derived causatives in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince &Smolensky, 2004). Causative verbs in MA are characterized by the systematic gemination of their medial consonants. However, it is not easy to determine the morphological nature of the causative morpheme involved in this derivation. Also, it is not clearly known why the causative morpheme gets realized exactly on the second segment of the base form.Therefore, we seek to achieve the following goals. First, we intend to determine the nature of the causative morpheme. Second, we aim to explain why the causative morpheme is realized on the second segment of the base form. In this respect, we show that the causative morpheme is represented by a featureless consonantal mora that targets the second segment of the base root, turning it into a geminate. We also show that the causative morpheme gets infixed thanks to the privileged status of root-initial segments.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Project(Nos.DD20220864 and DD20243077).
文摘Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Special Project of the Autonomous Region(No.2022B03023-3)the Key Supported Discipline of Health System in Shanghai(No.2023ZDFC0302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph nodes(MLNs)can be enlarged due to various benign or malignant causes.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often employed for the acquisition of tissue specimens of the enlarged MLN(EMLN).AIM To determine the causes,document the symptoms,and determine factors predicting good yield of EUS-guided EMLN biopsy.METHODS All patients having EMLN(>10 mm)on thoracic imaging and referred for EUSguided biopsy were included in this retrospective observational study.Adequacy of the tissue specimen was assessed by the endoscopist with macroscopic on-site evaluation(MOSE)and then sent to a histopathologist for final diagnosis.Analysis for factors predicting good biopsy yield was then performed.RESULTS Of the total 243 patients with EMLN,131(53.9%)were males.The mean age was 47.6(±14.7)and range 14-86 years.Commonest causes of EMLN were tuberculosis 82(33.7%),anthracosis 53(21.8%),neoplastic disease 43(17.7%)and sarcoidosis 14(5.8%).Among the 43 patients with neoplastic diseases:40 had metastatic disease(breast 9,lung 7,pancreatobiliary 6,esophagus 5,kidney 5,hepatocellular 2,neuroendocrine 2,gastrointestinal stromal 1,undetermined 3)and 3 had primary malignancies(lymphoproliferative disorder 2,Kaposi sarcoma 1).Chest related clinical symptoms were absent in more than half the patients with tuberculosis 51/82(62.2%),anthracosis 31/53(58.5%)and neoplastic disease 28/43(65.1%).Factors associated with good biopsy yield were:Subcarinal location of MLN(P=0.026),MLN size>12 mm(P<0.0001),use of fine-needle biopsy(vs fine-needle aspiration)(P=0.049)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on univariate analysis;while MLN size>12 mm(P=0.005)and satisfactory MOSE(P<0.0001)on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Tuberculosis,anthracosis and metastatic disease were the commonest causes of EMLN.More than half the cases with EMLN had no chest-related symptoms.Large MLN size and satisfactory MOSE observation predicted a good biopsy yield.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62372121the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Science project under Grant No.20YJAZH118+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020YFB1005804the MOE Project at Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies。
文摘With the rapid development of web technology,Social Networks(SNs)have become one of the most popular platforms for users to exchange views and to express their emotions.More and more people are used to commenting on a certain hot spot in SNs,resulting in a large amount of texts containing emotions.Textual Emotion Cause Extraction(TECE)aims to automatically extract causes for a certain emotion in texts,which is an important research issue in natural language processing.It is different from the previous tasks of emotion recognition and emotion classification.In addition,it is not limited to the shallow-level emotion classification of text,but to trace the emotion source.In this paper,we provide a survey for TECE.First,we introduce the development process and classification of TECE.Then,we discuss the existing methods and key factors for TECE.Finally,we enumerate the challenges and developing trend for TECE.
