By a novel technique-cathodic micro-arc electro-deposition (CMED), ZrO_2coatings were deposited on an FeCrAl alloy. Experimental results show that the necessary conditionsfor obtaining ZrO_2 coatings are to apply a pu...By a novel technique-cathodic micro-arc electro-deposition (CMED), ZrO_2coatings were deposited on an FeCrAl alloy. Experimental results show that the necessary conditionsfor obtaining ZrO_2 coatings are to apply a pulse peak voltage over a critical value and addmoderate amounts of ZrO_2 colloidal particles and Zr(NO_3)_4 in the aqueous solution. Theas-deposited coatings are porous because hydrogen, water, and other vapors are generated andreleased from the coatings to the solution during the spark reaction. The coatings containmonoclinic and tetragonal crystalline ZrO_2 with certain degree of amorphous structure. Theprocessing parameters and mechanism of CMED were discussed.展开更多
In this study,the pure erosion behaviour of pure iron and its erosion-corrosion behaviour under different anodic polarization currents were investigated in various cathodic reactions(oxygen reduction,hydrogen ion redu...In this study,the pure erosion behaviour of pure iron and its erosion-corrosion behaviour under different anodic polarization currents were investigated in various cathodic reactions(oxygen reduction,hydrogen ion reduction,and water reduction)using a cylindrical stirring system.The corrosion-enhanced erosion(C-E)rates were determined for each condition.The results revealed that pure iron displayed similar pure erosion behaviour across all three cathodic reactions.When the cathodic reactions involve hydrogen ion reduction or water reduction,the erosion-corrosion of pure iron manifested as uniform damage,with the reduction in hardness being the main cause of the C-E in this case.Conversely,in the case of oxy-gen reduction reaction as the cathodic reaction,the erosion-corrosion presented as pitting damage,with the reduction in hardness resulting from localized concentration of anodic current and the formation of easily worn protruding flaky iron structures at the edges of the pits as the main mechanism of the C-E.Moreover,linear and exponential relationships were found between the C-E rate and the anodic current density for uniform damage and pitting damage,respectively.Finally,the concept of surface equivalent hardness was proposed,along with the establishment of a mathematical model for surface equivalent hardness based on the relationships between the C-E rate and the anodic current density.Utilizing the surface equivalent hardness enables the evaluation of the erosion rate on material surfaces considering the coupled effect.展开更多
This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,...This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,while carefully considering several essential variables,such as soil characteristics,the type and color of the pipeline material,as well as the placement and size of the anode.Therefore,it is crucial to optimize the location and values of anodic overflows or ground resistances to ensure a uniform distribution of potential across the entire structure.In this method,impressed current protection uses an auxiliary anode and an external direct current source to induce a current through the electrolyte and the pipeline,thus countering the resistance of the steel.This approach is advantageous as it allows for the adjustment of electrical characteristics,particularly current levels,to meet specific needs.The factors essential to the effectiveness of cathodic protection systems,which optimize the distribution of protection potential across the structure,largely depend on the precise management of ground resistances during anodic discharge,particularly the attenuation coefficient(α).These factors were studied,and the results obtained were presented and discussed based on their influence.展开更多
Coupling with high-voltage oxide cathode is the key to achieve high-energy density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries.However,the complex interfacial issues including the space charge layer effect and und...Coupling with high-voltage oxide cathode is the key to achieve high-energy density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries.However,the complex interfacial issues including the space charge layer effect and undesirable side reaction between sulfide solid-state electrolytes and oxide cathode materials are the main constraints on the development of high-performance allsolid-state lithium batteries,which lead to the continuous decay of electrochemical performance.Herein,different from the complicated coating procedure,a LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive engineering was proposed to achieve high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.With the introduction of LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive,a protective cathode-electrolyte interphase consisting of LiPxOyFz,LiF,and Li_(3)PO_(4)could be in situ formed to improve the interfacial stability between LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)and Li_(5.5)PS_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)(LPSC).Benefiting from this,the NCM811/LPSC/Li all-solid-state lithium battery exhibited impressive cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 85.5%after 600 cycles(at 0.5 C).Diverse and comprehensive characterization,combined with finite element simulation and density functional theory calculation fully demonstrated the effective component,interfacial stabilization function and enhanced kinetic of LiPO_(2)F_(2)-derived cathode-electrolyte interphase.This work provides not only a feasible and effective method to stabilize the cathodic interface but also worthy insight into interfacial design for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical b...Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors,yet has not been unraveled.Here we propose an NH_(4)^(+)-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors.Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)–NH_4CF_(3)SO_(3)electrolyte,high-reactive Zn^(2+)and small-hydrate-sized NH_4(H_(2)O))(4)^(+)induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration,thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20%capacity enhancement.Furthermore,cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH_(4)^(+)ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C···H(NH_(4)^(+))charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(H_(2)O)_6^(2+)(5.81 vs.14.90 eV).Consequently,physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity(240 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)),large-current tolerance(130 mAh g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1))and ultralong lifespan(400,000cycles).This study gives new insights into the design of cathode–electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.展开更多
For protonic ceramic fuel cells,it is key to develop material with high intrinsic activity for oxygen activation and bulk proton conductivity enabling water formation at entire electrode surface.However,a higher water...For protonic ceramic fuel cells,it is key to develop material with high intrinsic activity for oxygen activation and bulk proton conductivity enabling water formation at entire electrode surface.However,a higher water content which benefitting for the increasing proton conductivity will not only dilute the oxygen in the gas,but also suppress the O_(2)adsorption on the electrode surface.Herein,a new electrode design concept is proposed,that may overcome this dilemma.By introducing a second phase with high-hydrating capability into a conventional cobalt-free perovskite to form a unique nanocomposite electrode,high proton conductivity/concentration can be reached at low water content in atmosphere.In addition,the hydronation creates additional fast proton transport channel along the two-phase interface.As a result,high protonic conductivity is reached,leading to a new breakthrough in performance for proton ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells devices among available air electrodes.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy t...Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.展开更多
Metal-organic framework[MOF,i.e.,NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)]modified TiO_(2)(NMT)composite photoanodes were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and were used for the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)o...Metal-organic framework[MOF,i.e.,NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)]modified TiO_(2)(NMT)composite photoanodes were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and were used for the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)of nickel-plated magnesium alloy(Mg/Ni).Results showed that the synthesis tem-perature significantly impacted the morphology and PECCP performance of the NMT photoanodes.The NMT@150 photoanode prepared at a reaction temperature of 150℃exhibited the best PECCP perfor-mance and produced a current density of 1980μA cm^(-2)under visible light irradiation,which was 19.8 times higher than that of a single TiO_(2)photoanode.The composite photoanode could polarize the open circuit potential of the coupled Mg/Ni electrode to-876 mV and remain relatively stable within 35 h.XPS and EPR tests showed that a Z-scheme heterojunction was formed between the NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)and TiO_(2)nanotubes,allowing the photogenerated electrons to accumulate mainly on the conduction band of NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al).The heterojunction greatly promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole in the NMT composite photoanode,significantly enhancing the PECCP performance for Mg/Ni.展开更多
A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal m...A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials.At present,there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials.In this paper,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)is attached to the surface of TiO,nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification.The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)/TiO_(2)nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS,with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to-1.04 V.This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel.The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 93%)of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.展开更多
The low photoelectric conversion efficiency of photoelectrode is an important factor that limits the application in photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)field for marine anti-corrosion of metallic structures...The low photoelectric conversion efficiency of photoelectrode is an important factor that limits the application in photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)field for marine anti-corrosion of metallic structures.In this work,a photoelectrode of TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS triple-phase heterojunction was fabricated by loading the narrow-band CdZnS associated with the broad-band ZnS via hydrothermal and continuous ion layer adsorption methods,respectively.The composite of CdZnS enhances the photoelectric conversion ability of TiO_(2),while the ZnS composite can prevent the CdZnS from photo-corrosion and suppress the spillover of the photogenerated electrons.The three-phase heterostructure effectively improves the PECCP performance on 316 L stainless steel(SS)under simulated solar irradiation,especially in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution without the sacrificial agent.In addition,the prepared TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS photoelectrode also performs anti-biofouling effect evidenced by the high removal efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),which can be attributed to the oxidizability of photogenerated holes.The TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS triple-phase heterojunction with desirable performance is a promising semiconductor material for the applications of PECCP and anti-biofouling.展开更多
Metallic pipeline corrosion poses a significant challenge in the petrochemical industry. In this study, the design and control of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-powered cathodic protection (CP) system based on the im...Metallic pipeline corrosion poses a significant challenge in the petrochemical industry. In this study, the design and control of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-powered cathodic protection (CP) system based on the impressed current method were investigated. The proposed CP system was applied to a 250 km long steel-buried pipeline in the Sharm El-Sheikh region of Egypt. The system design involved the numerical modeling of the anode bed for the impressed current CP (ICCP) system and the sizing of the DC power source, including the PV array and battery bank. The system was designed and controlled to deliver a constant and continuous anode current to protect the underground pipeline from corrosion during daylight and nighttime. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) technique was implemented to maximize power extraction from the PV array. Additionally, a proportional-integral (PI) controller was optimized and employed to achieve MPPT, while another PI controller managed the anode current of the CP system. Safe charging and discharging of the system’s battery are ensured via an ON-OFF controller. The parameters of the PI controllers were optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed CP system achieved the required protection objectives successfully.展开更多
Nano-zinc oxides(ZnO)demonstrate remarkable antibacterial properties.To further enhance the corrosion resistance and antibacterial efficiency of magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings,this study investigates...Nano-zinc oxides(ZnO)demonstrate remarkable antibacterial properties.To further enhance the corrosion resistance and antibacterial efficiency of magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings,this study investigates the preparation of ZnO-containing micro-arc oxidation coatings with dual functionality by incorporating nano-ZnO into MAO electrolyte.The influence of varying ZnO concentrations on the microstructure,corrosion resistance,and antibacterial properties of the coating was examined through microstructure analysis,immersion tests,electrochemical experiments,and antibacterial assays.The findings revealed that the addition of nano-ZnO significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the MAO-coated alloy.Specifically,when the ZnO concentration in the electrolyte was 5 g/L,the corrosion rate was more than ten times lower compared to the MAO coatings without ZnO.Moreover,the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO+MAO coating,prepared with a ZnO concentration of 5 g/L,surpassed 95%after 24 h of co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The nano-ZnO+MAO-coated alloy exhibited exceptional degradation resistance,corrosion resistance,and antibacterial effectiveness.展开更多
The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectivenes...The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectiveness and specific capacity,lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials(LRMs)obtain in-creasing attention in the pursuit of enhancing energy density and reducing costs.The implementation has faced obstacles in various applications due to substantial capacity and voltage degradation,insufficient safety performance,and restricted rate capability during cycling.These issues arise from the migration of transition metal,the release of oxygen,and structural transformation.In this review,we provide an integrated survey of the structure,lithium storage mechanism,challenges,and origins of LRMs,as well as recent advancements in various coating strategies.Particularly,the significance of optimizing the design of the cathode electrolyte interphase was emphasized to enhance electrode performance.Furthermore,future perspective was also addressed alongside in-situ measurements,advanced synthesis techniques,and the application of machine learning to overcome encountered challenges in LRMs.展开更多
As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability...As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.展开更多
In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well...In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.展开更多
A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate t...A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attention in large-scale energy storage system because of their abundant sodium resource and cost-effectiveness.Layered oxide materials are particularly promising a...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attention in large-scale energy storage system because of their abundant sodium resource and cost-effectiveness.Layered oxide materials are particularly promising as SIBs cathodes due to their high theoretical capacities and facile synthesis.However,their practical applications are hindered by the limitations in energy density and cycling stability.The comprehensive understanding of failure mechanisms within bulk structure and at the cathode/electrolyte interface of cathodes is still lacking.In this review,the issues related to bulk phase degradation and surface degradation,such as irreversible phase transitions,cation migration,transition metal dissolution,air/moisture instability,intergranular cracking,interfacial reactions,and reactive oxygen loss,are discussed.The latest advances and strategies to improve the stability of layered oxide cathodes and full cells are provided,as well as our perspectives on the future development of SIBs.展开更多
The formation of ceramic coatings on metal substrate by cathodic electrolytic deposition (CELD) has received more attention in recent years. But only thin filmscan be prepared via CELD. Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YS...The formation of ceramic coatings on metal substrate by cathodic electrolytic deposition (CELD) has received more attention in recent years. But only thin filmscan be prepared via CELD. Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic coatings were deposited on FeCrAI alloy by a novel technique--cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition (CMED).The result shows that, when a high pulse electric field is applied to the cathode which was pre-deposited with a thin YSZ film, dielectric breakdown occurs and micro-arc discharges appear. Coatings with reasonably thickness of-300μm and crystalline structure can be deposited on the cathode by utilizing the energy of the micro-arc. The thickness of the as-deposited coating is dominated by the voltage and the frequency. Y2O3 is co-deposited with ZrO2 when Y(NO3)3 was added to the electrolyte, which stabilize t-phase, t′-phase and c-phase of ZrO2 at room temperature. The amount of the m-ZrO2 in the coating is diminished by increasing the concentration of Y(NO3)3 in the electrolyte.This report describes the processing of CMED and studies the microstructure of the deposited YSZ coatings.展开更多
Mn-based layered oxides(KMO)have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries(PIBs).However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the ...Mn-based layered oxides(KMO)have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries(PIBs).However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the Jahn-Teller(JT)effect associated with Mn-ion,the cathode exhibits poor structural stability.Herein,we propose a strategy to enhance structural stability by introducing robust metal-oxygen(M-O)bonds,which can realize the pinning effect to constrain the distortion in the transition metal(TM)layer.Concurrently,all the elements employed have exceptionally high crustal abundance.As a proof of concept,the designed K_(0.5)Mn_(0.9)Mg_(0.025)Ti_(0.025)Al_(0.05)O_(2)cathode exhibited a discharge capacity of approximately 100 mA h g^(-1)at 20 mA g^(-1)with 79%capacity retention over 50 cycles,and 73%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1),showcased much better battery performance than the designed cathode with less robust M-O bonds.The properties of the formed M-O bonds were investigated using theoretical calculations.The enhanced dynamics,mitigated JT effect,and improved structural stability were elucidated through the in-situ X-ray diffractometer(XRD),in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)(and distribution of relaxation times(DRT)method),and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)tests.This study holds substantial reference value for the future design of costeffective Mn-based layered cathodes for PIBs.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59971009) Beijing Key Laboratory for Corrosion, Erosion and Surface Technology.
文摘By a novel technique-cathodic micro-arc electro-deposition (CMED), ZrO_2coatings were deposited on an FeCrAl alloy. Experimental results show that the necessary conditionsfor obtaining ZrO_2 coatings are to apply a pulse peak voltage over a critical value and addmoderate amounts of ZrO_2 colloidal particles and Zr(NO_3)_4 in the aqueous solution. Theas-deposited coatings are porous because hydrogen, water, and other vapors are generated andreleased from the coatings to the solution during the spark reaction. The coatings containmonoclinic and tetragonal crystalline ZrO_2 with certain degree of amorphous structure. Theprocessing parameters and mechanism of CMED were discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2806200)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFC2810800)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001055).
文摘In this study,the pure erosion behaviour of pure iron and its erosion-corrosion behaviour under different anodic polarization currents were investigated in various cathodic reactions(oxygen reduction,hydrogen ion reduction,and water reduction)using a cylindrical stirring system.The corrosion-enhanced erosion(C-E)rates were determined for each condition.The results revealed that pure iron displayed similar pure erosion behaviour across all three cathodic reactions.When the cathodic reactions involve hydrogen ion reduction or water reduction,the erosion-corrosion of pure iron manifested as uniform damage,with the reduction in hardness being the main cause of the C-E in this case.Conversely,in the case of oxy-gen reduction reaction as the cathodic reaction,the erosion-corrosion presented as pitting damage,with the reduction in hardness resulting from localized concentration of anodic current and the formation of easily worn protruding flaky iron structures at the edges of the pits as the main mechanism of the C-E.Moreover,linear and exponential relationships were found between the C-E rate and the anodic current density for uniform damage and pitting damage,respectively.Finally,the concept of surface equivalent hardness was proposed,along with the establishment of a mathematical model for surface equivalent hardness based on the relationships between the C-E rate and the anodic current density.Utilizing the surface equivalent hardness enables the evaluation of the erosion rate on material surfaces considering the coupled effect.
文摘This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,while carefully considering several essential variables,such as soil characteristics,the type and color of the pipeline material,as well as the placement and size of the anode.Therefore,it is crucial to optimize the location and values of anodic overflows or ground resistances to ensure a uniform distribution of potential across the entire structure.In this method,impressed current protection uses an auxiliary anode and an external direct current source to induce a current through the electrolyte and the pipeline,thus countering the resistance of the steel.This approach is advantageous as it allows for the adjustment of electrical characteristics,particularly current levels,to meet specific needs.The factors essential to the effectiveness of cathodic protection systems,which optimize the distribution of protection potential across the structure,largely depend on the precise management of ground resistances during anodic discharge,particularly the attenuation coefficient(α).These factors were studied,and the results obtained were presented and discussed based on their influence.
基金support by the Department of Science&Technology of Zhejiang Province under grant no.2024C01095Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos.LD22E020006 and LBMHD24E020001the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant nos.21972127,U20A20253,and 22279116.
文摘Coupling with high-voltage oxide cathode is the key to achieve high-energy density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries.However,the complex interfacial issues including the space charge layer effect and undesirable side reaction between sulfide solid-state electrolytes and oxide cathode materials are the main constraints on the development of high-performance allsolid-state lithium batteries,which lead to the continuous decay of electrochemical performance.Herein,different from the complicated coating procedure,a LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive engineering was proposed to achieve high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.With the introduction of LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive,a protective cathode-electrolyte interphase consisting of LiPxOyFz,LiF,and Li_(3)PO_(4)could be in situ formed to improve the interfacial stability between LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)and Li_(5.5)PS_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)(LPSC).Benefiting from this,the NCM811/LPSC/Li all-solid-state lithium battery exhibited impressive cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 85.5%after 600 cycles(at 0.5 C).Diverse and comprehensive characterization,combined with finite element simulation and density functional theory calculation fully demonstrated the effective component,interfacial stabilization function and enhanced kinetic of LiPO_(2)F_(2)-derived cathode-electrolyte interphase.This work provides not only a feasible and effective method to stabilize the cathodic interface but also worthy insight into interfacial design for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111 and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300 and 19DZ2271500)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120210529 and 2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors,yet has not been unraveled.Here we propose an NH_(4)^(+)-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors.Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)–NH_4CF_(3)SO_(3)electrolyte,high-reactive Zn^(2+)and small-hydrate-sized NH_4(H_(2)O))(4)^(+)induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration,thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20%capacity enhancement.Furthermore,cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH_(4)^(+)ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C···H(NH_(4)^(+))charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(H_(2)O)_6^(2+)(5.81 vs.14.90 eV).Consequently,physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity(240 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)),large-current tolerance(130 mAh g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1))and ultralong lifespan(400,000cycles).This study gives new insights into the design of cathode–electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.
基金supported from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4002502)National Natural Science Foundation of China under(No.22278203,22279057)+4 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talentthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)support from the Max Planck-POSTECH-Hsinchu Center for Complex Phase Materialssupport from the Fulbright Foundation Global Scholars Programthe U.S.Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-17-5401-0051
文摘For protonic ceramic fuel cells,it is key to develop material with high intrinsic activity for oxygen activation and bulk proton conductivity enabling water formation at entire electrode surface.However,a higher water content which benefitting for the increasing proton conductivity will not only dilute the oxygen in the gas,but also suppress the O_(2)adsorption on the electrode surface.Herein,a new electrode design concept is proposed,that may overcome this dilemma.By introducing a second phase with high-hydrating capability into a conventional cobalt-free perovskite to form a unique nanocomposite electrode,high proton conductivity/concentration can be reached at low water content in atmosphere.In addition,the hydronation creates additional fast proton transport channel along the two-phase interface.As a result,high protonic conductivity is reached,leading to a new breakthrough in performance for proton ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells devices among available air electrodes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278308 and 22109114)Open Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shaoxing Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering(Grant number:JDSX2022023).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271073)the Central Govern-ment Guided Special Program(No.2021ZYD0049)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2018QNRC001).
文摘Metal-organic framework[MOF,i.e.,NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)]modified TiO_(2)(NMT)composite photoanodes were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and were used for the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)of nickel-plated magnesium alloy(Mg/Ni).Results showed that the synthesis tem-perature significantly impacted the morphology and PECCP performance of the NMT photoanodes.The NMT@150 photoanode prepared at a reaction temperature of 150℃exhibited the best PECCP perfor-mance and produced a current density of 1980μA cm^(-2)under visible light irradiation,which was 19.8 times higher than that of a single TiO_(2)photoanode.The composite photoanode could polarize the open circuit potential of the coupled Mg/Ni electrode to-876 mV and remain relatively stable within 35 h.XPS and EPR tests showed that a Z-scheme heterojunction was formed between the NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al)and TiO_(2)nanotubes,allowing the photogenerated electrons to accumulate mainly on the conduction band of NH_(2)-MIL-53(Al).The heterojunction greatly promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole in the NMT composite photoanode,significantly enhancing the PECCP performance for Mg/Ni.
基金Projects(42106051,U2106206)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials.At present,there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials.In this paper,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)is attached to the surface of TiO,nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification.The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)/TiO_(2)nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS,with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to-1.04 V.This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel.The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 93%)of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2021MD002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42106051 and U2106206).
文摘The low photoelectric conversion efficiency of photoelectrode is an important factor that limits the application in photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)field for marine anti-corrosion of metallic structures.In this work,a photoelectrode of TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS triple-phase heterojunction was fabricated by loading the narrow-band CdZnS associated with the broad-band ZnS via hydrothermal and continuous ion layer adsorption methods,respectively.The composite of CdZnS enhances the photoelectric conversion ability of TiO_(2),while the ZnS composite can prevent the CdZnS from photo-corrosion and suppress the spillover of the photogenerated electrons.The three-phase heterostructure effectively improves the PECCP performance on 316 L stainless steel(SS)under simulated solar irradiation,especially in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution without the sacrificial agent.In addition,the prepared TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS photoelectrode also performs anti-biofouling effect evidenced by the high removal efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),which can be attributed to the oxidizability of photogenerated holes.The TiO_(2)/CdZnS/ZnS triple-phase heterojunction with desirable performance is a promising semiconductor material for the applications of PECCP and anti-biofouling.
文摘Metallic pipeline corrosion poses a significant challenge in the petrochemical industry. In this study, the design and control of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-powered cathodic protection (CP) system based on the impressed current method were investigated. The proposed CP system was applied to a 250 km long steel-buried pipeline in the Sharm El-Sheikh region of Egypt. The system design involved the numerical modeling of the anode bed for the impressed current CP (ICCP) system and the sizing of the DC power source, including the PV array and battery bank. The system was designed and controlled to deliver a constant and continuous anode current to protect the underground pipeline from corrosion during daylight and nighttime. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) technique was implemented to maximize power extraction from the PV array. Additionally, a proportional-integral (PI) controller was optimized and employed to achieve MPPT, while another PI controller managed the anode current of the CP system. Safe charging and discharging of the system’s battery are ensured via an ON-OFF controller. The parameters of the PI controllers were optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed CP system achieved the required protection objectives successfully.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731677)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX23_3032).
文摘Nano-zinc oxides(ZnO)demonstrate remarkable antibacterial properties.To further enhance the corrosion resistance and antibacterial efficiency of magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings,this study investigates the preparation of ZnO-containing micro-arc oxidation coatings with dual functionality by incorporating nano-ZnO into MAO electrolyte.The influence of varying ZnO concentrations on the microstructure,corrosion resistance,and antibacterial properties of the coating was examined through microstructure analysis,immersion tests,electrochemical experiments,and antibacterial assays.The findings revealed that the addition of nano-ZnO significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the MAO-coated alloy.Specifically,when the ZnO concentration in the electrolyte was 5 g/L,the corrosion rate was more than ten times lower compared to the MAO coatings without ZnO.Moreover,the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO+MAO coating,prepared with a ZnO concentration of 5 g/L,surpassed 95%after 24 h of co-culturing with Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The nano-ZnO+MAO-coated alloy exhibited exceptional degradation resistance,corrosion resistance,and antibacterial effectiveness.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.U21A20311)the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectiveness and specific capacity,lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials(LRMs)obtain in-creasing attention in the pursuit of enhancing energy density and reducing costs.The implementation has faced obstacles in various applications due to substantial capacity and voltage degradation,insufficient safety performance,and restricted rate capability during cycling.These issues arise from the migration of transition metal,the release of oxygen,and structural transformation.In this review,we provide an integrated survey of the structure,lithium storage mechanism,challenges,and origins of LRMs,as well as recent advancements in various coating strategies.Particularly,the significance of optimizing the design of the cathode electrolyte interphase was emphasized to enhance electrode performance.Furthermore,future perspective was also addressed alongside in-situ measurements,advanced synthesis techniques,and the application of machine learning to overcome encountered challenges in LRMs.
基金supported by the Exchange Program of Highend Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.G2023041003L)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0367)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Program for Introduced Talents of Shaanxi University of Technology(Nos.SLGRCQD2208,SLGRCQD2306,SLGRCQD2133)Contaminated Soil Remediation and Resource Utilization Innovation Team at Shaanxi University of Technology。
文摘As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program(No.U22A20420)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talents Introduction and Cultivation Project(No.CQ20230109)for supporting our work。
文摘In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174269,52374293)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024CK1009,2022RC1123)。
文摘A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.W2412060,22325902 and 52171215)the State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization(Open Fund Project No.ZJUCEU2023002)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attention in large-scale energy storage system because of their abundant sodium resource and cost-effectiveness.Layered oxide materials are particularly promising as SIBs cathodes due to their high theoretical capacities and facile synthesis.However,their practical applications are hindered by the limitations in energy density and cycling stability.The comprehensive understanding of failure mechanisms within bulk structure and at the cathode/electrolyte interface of cathodes is still lacking.In this review,the issues related to bulk phase degradation and surface degradation,such as irreversible phase transitions,cation migration,transition metal dissolution,air/moisture instability,intergranular cracking,interfacial reactions,and reactive oxygen loss,are discussed.The latest advances and strategies to improve the stability of layered oxide cathodes and full cells are provided,as well as our perspectives on the future development of SIBs.
文摘The formation of ceramic coatings on metal substrate by cathodic electrolytic deposition (CELD) has received more attention in recent years. But only thin filmscan be prepared via CELD. Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic coatings were deposited on FeCrAI alloy by a novel technique--cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition (CMED).The result shows that, when a high pulse electric field is applied to the cathode which was pre-deposited with a thin YSZ film, dielectric breakdown occurs and micro-arc discharges appear. Coatings with reasonably thickness of-300μm and crystalline structure can be deposited on the cathode by utilizing the energy of the micro-arc. The thickness of the as-deposited coating is dominated by the voltage and the frequency. Y2O3 is co-deposited with ZrO2 when Y(NO3)3 was added to the electrolyte, which stabilize t-phase, t′-phase and c-phase of ZrO2 at room temperature. The amount of the m-ZrO2 in the coating is diminished by increasing the concentration of Y(NO3)3 in the electrolyte.This report describes the processing of CMED and studies the microstructure of the deposited YSZ coatings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52274295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2021501029)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2423051,N2423053,N2302016,N2423019,N2323013,N2423005)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2024238)the Basic Research Program Project of Shijiazhuang City for Universities Stationed in Hebei Province(241790937A)the Science and Technology Project of Qinhuangdao City in 2023.
文摘Mn-based layered oxides(KMO)have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries(PIBs).However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the Jahn-Teller(JT)effect associated with Mn-ion,the cathode exhibits poor structural stability.Herein,we propose a strategy to enhance structural stability by introducing robust metal-oxygen(M-O)bonds,which can realize the pinning effect to constrain the distortion in the transition metal(TM)layer.Concurrently,all the elements employed have exceptionally high crustal abundance.As a proof of concept,the designed K_(0.5)Mn_(0.9)Mg_(0.025)Ti_(0.025)Al_(0.05)O_(2)cathode exhibited a discharge capacity of approximately 100 mA h g^(-1)at 20 mA g^(-1)with 79%capacity retention over 50 cycles,and 73%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1),showcased much better battery performance than the designed cathode with less robust M-O bonds.The properties of the formed M-O bonds were investigated using theoretical calculations.The enhanced dynamics,mitigated JT effect,and improved structural stability were elucidated through the in-situ X-ray diffractometer(XRD),in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)(and distribution of relaxation times(DRT)method),and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)tests.This study holds substantial reference value for the future design of costeffective Mn-based layered cathodes for PIBs.
