The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O...The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O_(4)and P_(2)O_(5)were mixed in various proportions and melted in ambient atmosphere directed by x LiMn_(2)O_(4)-(100−x)P_(2)O_(5)with x=15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,30 mol%and 35 mol%nominal compositions.The materials obtained were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),density,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical absorption,and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy measurements with decay kinetics analysis.The XRD data supported vitrification in the explored compositional range wherein the density tended to increase with LiMn_(2)O_(4)concentration.The FT-IR spectra indicated that adding LiMn_(2)O_(4)at the expense of P_(2)O_(5)leads to a network depolymerization effect evidenced largely by the upsurge of the vas(PO_(3)^(2−))band of end-of-chain PO4 tetrahedra.DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature increased steadily while glass stability decreased with increasing LiMn_(2)O_(4)content.The optical absorption measurements showed increasingly the presence of both Mn^(2+)and Mn^(3+)ions leading to the development of intense purple hues consistent with LiMn_(2)O_(4)decomposition in the melts.The PL assessment then scrutinized the manifestation of red-emitting Mn^(2+)ions wherein an emission suppression trend was observed.The decay dynamics evaluation revealed the shortening of the Mn^(2+)decay times harmonizing with the PL quenching effect.The original work carried out stimulates additional research regarding the potential of vitrification with P_(2)O_(5)for the management or upcycling of lithium battery components.展开更多
The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled material...The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent Li-ion battery cathode materials.In this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery process.The mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this study.The leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/mol.While,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of LiPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami model.The interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some degree.It is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent LIBs.展开更多
基金supported by the Social Science Research Council’s SSMN Seed Grant,with funds provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation.
文摘The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O_(4)and P_(2)O_(5)were mixed in various proportions and melted in ambient atmosphere directed by x LiMn_(2)O_(4)-(100−x)P_(2)O_(5)with x=15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,30 mol%and 35 mol%nominal compositions.The materials obtained were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),density,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical absorption,and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy measurements with decay kinetics analysis.The XRD data supported vitrification in the explored compositional range wherein the density tended to increase with LiMn_(2)O_(4)concentration.The FT-IR spectra indicated that adding LiMn_(2)O_(4)at the expense of P_(2)O_(5)leads to a network depolymerization effect evidenced largely by the upsurge of the vas(PO_(3)^(2−))band of end-of-chain PO4 tetrahedra.DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature increased steadily while glass stability decreased with increasing LiMn_(2)O_(4)content.The optical absorption measurements showed increasingly the presence of both Mn^(2+)and Mn^(3+)ions leading to the development of intense purple hues consistent with LiMn_(2)O_(4)decomposition in the melts.The PL assessment then scrutinized the manifestation of red-emitting Mn^(2+)ions wherein an emission suppression trend was observed.The decay dynamics evaluation revealed the shortening of the Mn^(2+)decay times harmonizing with the PL quenching effect.The original work carried out stimulates additional research regarding the potential of vitrification with P_(2)O_(5)for the management or upcycling of lithium battery components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021。
文摘The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent Li-ion battery cathode materials.In this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery process.The mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this study.The leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/mol.While,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of LiPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami model.The interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some degree.It is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent LIBs.
