Monoglyceride(MAG)is a widely used nonionic surfactant.In this work,an economic and green solid superbase HND-63 was utilized to synthesize monoglyceride,and the independent variables were examined to achieve the high...Monoglyceride(MAG)is a widely used nonionic surfactant.In this work,an economic and green solid superbase HND-63 was utilized to synthesize monoglyceride,and the independent variables were examined to achieve the highest MAG content.HND-63 was characterized in order to explore the potential reasons for its high MAG selectivity.At the same time,the catalytic mechanism of HND-63 in glycerolysis reaction was also focused on in this paper.A maximum of 72.50%MAG content was obtained under the optimal reaction parameters(reaction temperature of 110.5◦C,reaction time of 209 min,molar ratio of glycerol to oil of 9.2:1,and catalyst dosage of 10.1%).The activation energy Ea and the pre-exponential factor A of the reaction were 61.37 kJ/mol and 6.33×10^(6) mol·L^(-1)·min^(-1),respectively.The basic site of HND-63 is O^(2-),which is loaded on molecular sieve analogs in the form of Na_(2)O,thus providing great convenience for recovery.The findings offer a novel solid superbase that could be potentially applied to glycerolysis reactions,providing the foundation for further development of plantbased surfactants.展开更多
The Eurasian beaver(Castor fiber Linnaeus,1758)can be considered a hydrological ecosystem engineer as it shapes environmental characteristics through its building activities and feeding behaviour.Even if several studi...The Eurasian beaver(Castor fiber Linnaeus,1758)can be considered a hydrological ecosystem engineer as it shapes environmental characteristics through its building activities and feeding behaviour.Even if several studies have so far reported beaver impact on multi-taxon biodiversity and forest regeneration,there is a lack of research on forest stand structure evolution following beaver direct activity on trees.This represents a pivotal topic for predicting restoration outcomes and reccommending sound silvicultural and management practices to maintain specific forest conditions.Specifically,the study aims at investigating forest stand structure and tree species diversity changes considering river variability,distance from the riverbank and beaver's gnawing activity intensity.The Eurasian beaver is only recently recolonising the three analysed Mediterranean rivers,but stand structure seems to be already significantly impacted by the species.The number of trees was reduced,increasing mean diameter at breast height at stand level,as most of the youngest and/or smaller trees are entirely cut down.Strongest structural variations can be detected in intensively impacted stands and in the forest portions closer to the riverbank.The absence of a significant effect on most of the diversity indices is likely due to the initially homogeneous composition of the tree layer in each stand and to the limited variety of beaver's diet within the sites.Future resprouting of secondary tree shoots,as well as beaver gnawing activity changes in intensity over time and space,can further produce variations in structural parameters and woody species diversity in the medium-and long-term period.Therefore,it will be crucial to further monitor the long-term effects,as structural shifts can produce significant effects on riparian ecosystem functions.展开更多
In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create...In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam,referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI(ERP)foam,using water as a foaming agent.Additionally,flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate(TEP)and expanded graphite(EG)have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents.The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness.Furthermore,the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics,as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 30.6vol%.A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m^(2)was reported during the fire test.Significantly,a low peak smoke production rate(pSPR)of 0.026m^(2)/s and a total smoke production(TSP)of 0.62 m^(2)were achieved.In addition,ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet(UV)resistance,thermal insulation,and biodegradability.After 60 days of exposure to Penicillium sp.,foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%,indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.展开更多
In this study,reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)used in different percentages in hot mix asphalt(HMA)and warm mix asphalt(WMA)were tested for moisture,fracture and rutting resistance adding hydrogenated castor oil flakes...In this study,reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)used in different percentages in hot mix asphalt(HMA)and warm mix asphalt(WMA)were tested for moisture,fracture and rutting resistance adding hydrogenated castor oil flakes(HCOF)as rejuvenating agent.Volumetric and Marshall parameters were evaluated for both types of mixtures.Addition of 5%of HCOF by weight of binder content in RAP found to restore properties of aged binder.WMA mix was made by adding 0.1%Zycotherm by weight of optimum binder content.Moisture,rutting and fracture damage performance were assessed utilizing indirect tensile strength,wheel tracking and semi-circular bending tests.The mix's tensile strength ratio increased by 2.3%in the HMA with RAP(HMA-R)mix compared to the WMA with RAP(WMA-R)mix at 10%RAP content.HMA mixes provide better resistance to rutting compared to WMA.However,40%of RAP content HMA-R and WMA-R using HCOF rejuvenator shows greater rutting performance compared to other RAP mix.HMA-R mix fracture resistance increased by 18.14%compared to WMA-R mix when RAP content increases to 40%.Regression analyses were carried out to validate the strain energy found from fracture damage analysis of both HMA-R and WMA-R with R2 value more than 0.9.HMA-R protected moisture and fracture damage better than WMA-R.The rejuvenating efficiency of HCOF was further validated using Fourier transform infrared and microscopic analysis.展开更多
[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of differen...[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.展开更多
基金financially sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Henan(252300421033).
文摘Monoglyceride(MAG)is a widely used nonionic surfactant.In this work,an economic and green solid superbase HND-63 was utilized to synthesize monoglyceride,and the independent variables were examined to achieve the highest MAG content.HND-63 was characterized in order to explore the potential reasons for its high MAG selectivity.At the same time,the catalytic mechanism of HND-63 in glycerolysis reaction was also focused on in this paper.A maximum of 72.50%MAG content was obtained under the optimal reaction parameters(reaction temperature of 110.5◦C,reaction time of 209 min,molar ratio of glycerol to oil of 9.2:1,and catalyst dosage of 10.1%).The activation energy Ea and the pre-exponential factor A of the reaction were 61.37 kJ/mol and 6.33×10^(6) mol·L^(-1)·min^(-1),respectively.The basic site of HND-63 is O^(2-),which is loaded on molecular sieve analogs in the form of Na_(2)O,thus providing great convenience for recovery.The findings offer a novel solid superbase that could be potentially applied to glycerolysis reactions,providing the foundation for further development of plantbased surfactants.
基金support of the National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) to the University of Padova,the Research Centre for Plant ProtectionCertification (CREA),and the National Research Council (CNR),funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)+2 种基金Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4-Call for tender No.3138 of 16 December 2021,rectified by Decree n.3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union–NextGenerationEUProject code CN_00000033,Concession Decree No.1034 of 17 June 2022adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP:C93C22002810006,CUP:B83D21014060006,CUP:B83C22002930006,Project title“National Biodiversity Future CenterNBFC”support by Beaver Trust,grant number:1185451
文摘The Eurasian beaver(Castor fiber Linnaeus,1758)can be considered a hydrological ecosystem engineer as it shapes environmental characteristics through its building activities and feeding behaviour.Even if several studies have so far reported beaver impact on multi-taxon biodiversity and forest regeneration,there is a lack of research on forest stand structure evolution following beaver direct activity on trees.This represents a pivotal topic for predicting restoration outcomes and reccommending sound silvicultural and management practices to maintain specific forest conditions.Specifically,the study aims at investigating forest stand structure and tree species diversity changes considering river variability,distance from the riverbank and beaver's gnawing activity intensity.The Eurasian beaver is only recently recolonising the three analysed Mediterranean rivers,but stand structure seems to be already significantly impacted by the species.The number of trees was reduced,increasing mean diameter at breast height at stand level,as most of the youngest and/or smaller trees are entirely cut down.Strongest structural variations can be detected in intensively impacted stands and in the forest portions closer to the riverbank.The absence of a significant effect on most of the diversity indices is likely due to the initially homogeneous composition of the tree layer in each stand and to the limited variety of beaver's diet within the sites.Future resprouting of secondary tree shoots,as well as beaver gnawing activity changes in intensity over time and space,can further produce variations in structural parameters and woody species diversity in the medium-and long-term period.Therefore,it will be crucial to further monitor the long-term effects,as structural shifts can produce significant effects on riparian ecosystem functions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32460363)Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Foundation(No.202401BD070001-029)+3 种基金as well as the Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project(No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166)Foreign Expert Workstation(No.202305 AF150006)111 project(No.D21027)Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation(No.202301AS070043)。
文摘In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam,referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI(ERP)foam,using water as a foaming agent.Additionally,flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate(TEP)and expanded graphite(EG)have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents.The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness.Furthermore,the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics,as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 30.6vol%.A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m^(2)was reported during the fire test.Significantly,a low peak smoke production rate(pSPR)of 0.026m^(2)/s and a total smoke production(TSP)of 0.62 m^(2)were achieved.In addition,ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet(UV)resistance,thermal insulation,and biodegradability.After 60 days of exposure to Penicillium sp.,foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%,indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.
文摘In this study,reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)used in different percentages in hot mix asphalt(HMA)and warm mix asphalt(WMA)were tested for moisture,fracture and rutting resistance adding hydrogenated castor oil flakes(HCOF)as rejuvenating agent.Volumetric and Marshall parameters were evaluated for both types of mixtures.Addition of 5%of HCOF by weight of binder content in RAP found to restore properties of aged binder.WMA mix was made by adding 0.1%Zycotherm by weight of optimum binder content.Moisture,rutting and fracture damage performance were assessed utilizing indirect tensile strength,wheel tracking and semi-circular bending tests.The mix's tensile strength ratio increased by 2.3%in the HMA with RAP(HMA-R)mix compared to the WMA with RAP(WMA-R)mix at 10%RAP content.HMA mixes provide better resistance to rutting compared to WMA.However,40%of RAP content HMA-R and WMA-R using HCOF rejuvenator shows greater rutting performance compared to other RAP mix.HMA-R mix fracture resistance increased by 18.14%compared to WMA-R mix when RAP content increases to 40%.Regression analyses were carried out to validate the strain energy found from fracture damage analysis of both HMA-R and WMA-R with R2 value more than 0.9.HMA-R protected moisture and fracture damage better than WMA-R.The rejuvenating efficiency of HCOF was further validated using Fourier transform infrared and microscopic analysis.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M511728)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.
