INTRODUCTION Isolated ventricular non-compaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy occurs due to arrest of normal myocardial development during embryogenesis. It is mainly diagnosed by echocar- diography through the...INTRODUCTION Isolated ventricular non-compaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy occurs due to arrest of normal myocardial development during embryogenesis. It is mainly diagnosed by echocar- diography through the appearance of characteristic prominent myocardial trabeculation and deep inter-trabecular spaces. Heart failore,展开更多
As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as case isolation, are an important element of pandemic response. The overall impact of case isolation on epidemic dynamics depends ...As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as case isolation, are an important element of pandemic response. The overall impact of case isolation on epidemic dynamics depends on a number of factors, including the timing of isolation relative to the onset of contagiousness for each individual instructed to isolate by public health authorities. While there is an extensive literature examining the importance of minimising the delay from exposure to direction to isolate in determining the impact of case isolation policy, less is known about how underlying epidemic dynamics may also contribute to that impact. Empirical observation and modelling studies have shown that, as an epidemic progresses, the distribution of viral loads among cases changes systematically. In principle, this may allow for more targeted and efficient isolation strategies to be implemented. Here, we describe a multi-scale agent-based model developed to investigate how isolation strategies that account for cases viral loads could be incorporated into policy. We compare the impact and efficiency of isolation strategies in which all cases, regardless of their viral load, are required to isolate to strategies in which some cases may be exempt from isolation. Our findings show that, following the epidemic peak, the vast majority of cases identified with a low viral load are in the declining phase of their infection and so contribute less to overall contagiousness. This observation prompts the question about the potential public health value of discontinuing isolation for such individuals. Our numerical investigation of this ‘adaptive’ strategy shows that exempting individuals with low viral loads from isolation following the epidemic peak leads to a modest increase in new infections. Surprisingly, it also leads to a drop in efficiency, as measured by the average number of infections averted per isolated case. Our findings therefore suggest caution in adopting such flexible or adaptive isolation policies. Our multi-scale modelling framework is sufficiently flexible to enable extensive numerical evaluation of more complex isolation strategies that incorporate more disease-specific biological and epidemiological features, supporting the development and evaluation of future public health pandemic response plans.展开更多
The clinical picture of actinomycosis was first described in 1878.Actinomycosis agents are found in the natural flora of the oral cavity, upper gastrointestinal system and female genital systems. Actinomyces israelii ...The clinical picture of actinomycosis was first described in 1878.Actinomycosis agents are found in the natural flora of the oral cavity, upper gastrointestinal system and female genital systems. Actinomyces israelii is usually responsible for the infections and causes chronic suppurative and granulomatous infections. The most common disease form is cervicofascial infection. Liver is involved in 5% of all actinomycosis infections. Liver involvement secondary to any primary infection site in the abdomen frequently occurs. In 15% of abdominal infections the liver is also involved. However, in very rare cases, a primary focus cannot be found, and these cases are called primary or isolated hepatic actinomycosis （IHA）. IHA which is frequently seen as a solitary abscess can be confused with a malignancy both clinically and radiologically.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Isolated ventricular non-compaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy occurs due to arrest of normal myocardial development during embryogenesis. It is mainly diagnosed by echocar- diography through the appearance of characteristic prominent myocardial trabeculation and deep inter-trabecular spaces. Heart failore,
基金the Australian Research Council for funding this research through Discovery Project DP210101920JMM is supported by an ARC Laureate Fellowship(FL240100126)This research was supported by The University of Melbourne's Research Computing Services and the Petascale Campus Initiative and an allocation on the Australian Research Data Commons NECTAR cloud computing resource.
文摘As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as case isolation, are an important element of pandemic response. The overall impact of case isolation on epidemic dynamics depends on a number of factors, including the timing of isolation relative to the onset of contagiousness for each individual instructed to isolate by public health authorities. While there is an extensive literature examining the importance of minimising the delay from exposure to direction to isolate in determining the impact of case isolation policy, less is known about how underlying epidemic dynamics may also contribute to that impact. Empirical observation and modelling studies have shown that, as an epidemic progresses, the distribution of viral loads among cases changes systematically. In principle, this may allow for more targeted and efficient isolation strategies to be implemented. Here, we describe a multi-scale agent-based model developed to investigate how isolation strategies that account for cases viral loads could be incorporated into policy. We compare the impact and efficiency of isolation strategies in which all cases, regardless of their viral load, are required to isolate to strategies in which some cases may be exempt from isolation. Our findings show that, following the epidemic peak, the vast majority of cases identified with a low viral load are in the declining phase of their infection and so contribute less to overall contagiousness. This observation prompts the question about the potential public health value of discontinuing isolation for such individuals. Our numerical investigation of this ‘adaptive’ strategy shows that exempting individuals with low viral loads from isolation following the epidemic peak leads to a modest increase in new infections. Surprisingly, it also leads to a drop in efficiency, as measured by the average number of infections averted per isolated case. Our findings therefore suggest caution in adopting such flexible or adaptive isolation policies. Our multi-scale modelling framework is sufficiently flexible to enable extensive numerical evaluation of more complex isolation strategies that incorporate more disease-specific biological and epidemiological features, supporting the development and evaluation of future public health pandemic response plans.
文摘The clinical picture of actinomycosis was first described in 1878.Actinomycosis agents are found in the natural flora of the oral cavity, upper gastrointestinal system and female genital systems. Actinomyces israelii is usually responsible for the infections and causes chronic suppurative and granulomatous infections. The most common disease form is cervicofascial infection. Liver is involved in 5% of all actinomycosis infections. Liver involvement secondary to any primary infection site in the abdomen frequently occurs. In 15% of abdominal infections the liver is also involved. However, in very rare cases, a primary focus cannot be found, and these cases are called primary or isolated hepatic actinomycosis （IHA）. IHA which is frequently seen as a solitary abscess can be confused with a malignancy both clinically and radiologically.
