AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National K...AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 10 th, 2013 for relevant case-control studies that investigated the association between PD and CHD. After quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and data extraction by two independent authors, the overall and subgroup meta-analyses were performed and publication bias were examined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, Egger linear regression test, and trims and fill method.RESULTS: Finally 38 relevant case-control studies were identified, involving 4950 CHD patients and 5490 controls. Eleven studies were rated low quality and 27 were high quality. Based on random-effects, a significant association was identified between PD and CHD(OR 3.79, 95%CI: 2.23-6.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.59%), and sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust. Subgroup analyses according to adjusted/unadjusted ORs, source of control, methodological quality, end point, assessment of PD/CHD, and ethnicity also indicated a significant association. Publication bias was detected, and the estimated OR including the "missing" studies did not substantially differ from our estimate with adjustment for missing studies(OR 4.15, 95%CI: 2.62-6.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Based on the meta-analysis, PD is probably associated with CHD risk independently and significantly.展开更多
Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become...Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.展开更多
Background: Case-control studies have been used extensively in determining the aetiology of rare diseases. However, case-control studies often suffer from participation bias in the control group, resulting in biased o...Background: Case-control studies have been used extensively in determining the aetiology of rare diseases. However, case-control studies often suffer from participation bias in the control group, resulting in biased odds ratios that cause problems with interpretation. Participation bias can be hard to detect and is often ignored. Methods: Population data can be used in place of the possibly biased control group, to investigate whether participation bias may have affected the results in previous studies, or in place of controls in future studies. We demonstrate this approach by reanalysing and comparing the results of two case-control studies: Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire children and stroke in Indian adults. Findings: Using population data to represent the control groups reduced the width of the confidence intervals given in the original studies and confirmed the findings for the two diabetes risk factors used;caesarean birth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12 (1.53, 2.95) compared with 1.84 (1.09, 3.10)) and amniocentesis (OR = 3.38 (2.09, 5.47) compared with 3.85 (1.34, 11.04)). The three stroke risk factors investigated were found to have increased odds ratios when using population data;hypertension (OR = 5.645 (5.639, 5.650) compared with 3.807 (2.114, 6.856)), diabetes (OR = 12.212 (12.200, 12.224) compared with 3.473 (1.757, 6.866)) and smoking (OR = 5.701 (5.696, 5.707) compared with 2.242 (1.255, 4.005)). Interpretation: Participation bias can greatly affect the results of a study and cause some potential risk factors to be over-or underestimated. This approach allows previous studies to be investigated for participation bias and presents an alternative to a control group in future studies, while improving precision.展开更多
Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enh...Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.展开更多
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the ...Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.展开更多
During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases ...During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases （generally com- mon/complex diseases） （Fig. 1）. However, several authors have gathered evidence indicating a high incidence of false positive findings in mtDNA case-control association studies. Raule et al. （2007） and Herrnstadt and Howell （2004） showed various problems affecting mtDNA case-control association studies. Salas et al.展开更多
Background：Studies on the association between spicy food intake and cancer risk have reported inconsistent results.We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from case...Background：Studies on the association between spicy food intake and cancer risk have reported inconsistent results.We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from case-control studies.Methods：PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible publications.Combined odds ratios （ORs） with their 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated using a random-or fixed-effects model.The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale （NOS）.All data were analyzed using STATA 1 1.0 software （version 11.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA）.Subgroup analyses were also performed with stratification by region,sex,number of cases,cancer subtype,source of the control group,and NOS score.Results：A total 39 studies from 28 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis （7884 patients with cancer and 10,142 controls）.Comparison of the highest versus lowest exposure category in each study revealed a significant OR of 1.76 （95% CI =1.35-2.29） in spite of significant heterogeneity （P 〈 0.00l）.In the subgroup analyses,this positive correlation was still found for gastric cancer,different regions,different numbers of cases,different sources of the control group,and high-quality articles （NOS score of≥ 7）.However,no statistically significant association was observed for women,esophageal cancer,gallbladder cancer,or low-quality articles （NOS score of〈7）.No evidence of publication bias was found.Conclusions：Evidence from case-control studies suggested that a higher level of spicy food intake may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer despite significant heterogeneity.More studies are warranted to clarify our understanding of the association between high spicy food intake and the risk of cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteri...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteristics of top 100 cited articles on gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted.The publications and their features were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection,Science Citation Index-Expanded database.Excel,Web of Science database and SPSS software were used to perform the statistical description and analysis.VOSviewer software and Map-Chart were responsible for the visualizations.RESULTS The top 100 cited articles were published between 1976 and 2022.The guidelines(52%)and clinical trials(37%)are the main article types,and average publication year of the guidelines is much later than that of the clinical trials(2015 vs 1998).Among the clinical trials,diagnostic study(27.0%),cohort study(21.6%),case series(13.5%)and cross-sectional study(10.8%)account for a large proportion.Average citations of different study types and designs of the enrolled studies are of no significant differences.Most of the 100 articles were published by European authors and recorded by the endoscopic journals(65%).Top journals in medicine,such as the Lancet,New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA,also reported studies in this field.The hot spots of involved diseases include neoplasm or cancer-related diseases,inflammatory diseases,obstructive diseases,gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulcer.Endoscopic surgery,endoscopic therapy and stent placement are frequently studied.CONCLUSION Our research contributes to delineating the field and identifying the characteristics of the most highly cited articles.It is noteworthy that there is a significantly smaller number of clinical trials included compared to guidelines,indicating potential areas for future high-quality clinical trials.展开更多
Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test pe...Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test period by automated feeding stations,which facilitate to evaluate the resilience traits.In this study,we adopted the root mean square error(RMSE)of ordinary least squares(OLS)and the negative residuals of quantile regression(QR)to generate four different novel resilience traits using daily records of feed intake and feed duration between 90 and 180 days of age in a population of commercial Duroc pigs.The genome-wide association studies(GWAS)based on single-and two-trait mixed models were carried out on 550 pigs using 48,603 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to identify genomic regions associated with resilience traits in growing pigs.We further focused on the GWAS signals to conduct gene annotation,colocalization with multi-tissue eQTL summary statistics of PigGTEx project and identification of enhancers and promoters using the publicly available data.The genomic heritabilities of four novel resilience traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.41.The pairwise genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.95 and from 0.05 to 0.36,respectively.Twenty-seven SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with these resilience traits.They were distributed on nine chromosomes(SSC1,SSC2,SSC6,SSC7,SSC8,SSC12,SSC14,SSC16 and SSC17).After annotation,39 QTLs and 49 candidate genes were identified.Several of these are functionally relevant candidate genes including OTUD4,TIFA and CARD14,which are involved in the host immune response,disease susceptibility and signal transduction.Eight unique SNPs were found to be causal in both GWAS and eQTL analyses across 15 tissues.Notably,one SNP(rs80794541)was associated with eQTLs identified concurrently across seven tissues/cell types,including the macrophage cell type.Furthermore,four significant SNPs(rs81467127,rs81356029,rs80794541 and rs81305085)were linked to the function of the primed enhancer,active element,and poised promoter in five pig tissues.Using the porcine fibroblast HiC dataset,SNP(rs81356029)on SSC2 regulates the CARNS1 and SSH3,while SNP(rs80794541)on SSC7 regulates the H2AC6.In this study,we generated four novel resilience traits and identified SNPs significantly associated with these resilience traits in a Duroc pig population.GWAS signals were associated with candidate genes involving in the immune traits,and were linked to the crucial regulatory elements as well.Our findings will contribute to elucidating the genetic mechanism that can enhance genome-enabled breeding and inform further research on resilience in domestic pigs.展开更多
Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America....Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.展开更多
Objective:To analyze factors affecting the utilization of human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing(HCT)service among human immunodeficiency virus risk groups at Hessa Air Genting Health Center,Asahan Regenc...Objective:To analyze factors affecting the utilization of human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing(HCT)service among human immunodeficiency virus risk groups at Hessa Air Genting Health Center,Asahan Regency,North Sumatera,Indonesia.Methods:This quantitative unmatched case-control study was conducted from April 2024 to April 2025 at Hessa Air Genting Health Center,Asahan Regency,North Sumatra Province,Indonesia.Female sex workers and men who have sex with men were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0,with univariate analysis,bivariate analysis(Chi-square test),and multivariate analysis(logistic regression analysis).Results:Comprehensive analysis of 75 cases and 75 controls was conducted to identify factors affecting the utilization of HCT services.Specifically,this study identified significant effects of knowledge(OR 3.2,95%CI 1.5-7.0,P=0.003),perception(OR 5.6,95%CI 2.5-12.5,P<0.001),information media(OR 3.1,95%CI 1.4-6.8,P=0.005),and health workers encouragement(OR 4.0,95%CI 1.5-10.4,P=0.005).In contrast,access to health services did not have a significant effect.Conclusions:Knowledge,perception,information media,and health worker encouragement had significant effects on HCT service utilization,with perception identified as the dominant factor.To improve utilization,strengthening positive perceptions,targeted training for healthcare workers,strengthened partnerships with local non-governmental organizations,and the use of social media for health promotion are recommended.展开更多
Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the...Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the Palgrave Studies in Literature,Culture,and Economics series and The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Economics(2022).In recent years,he has significantly influenced the intersection of literature and economics,advocating particularly for a shift towards the Economic Humanities.This interview covers:1.The definition and theoretical origin of the Economic Humanities;2.The internal heterogeneity and critical limitations of the New Economic Criticism,and the theoretical advantages and potential development of the Economic Humanities;3.What research paradigms do Environmental Humanities,Medical Humanities,and Digital Humanities provide for the Economic Humanities;4.How literary researchers can work at the interface of the Economic Humanities research.As a novel interdisciplinary interface between literature and economics,Professor Paul Crosthwaite’s concept of the Economic Humanities not only pioneers methodological tools for interdisciplinary studies of literature and economics but also underscores the interpretative potential and disciplinary benefits of literary viewpoints on economics.This underscores the vital role of literature in human knowledge,meriting attention from the literary research academia.展开更多
Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framin...Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.展开更多
Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digi...Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship betw...BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship between the trajectory of depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes over time.AIM To investigate the association between depressive symptoms,their trajectories,and the risk of developing diabetes in two prospective cohort studies.METHODS In the first phase we analyzed the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes separately using the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Depressive symptom trajectories were assessed by examining changes in depressive symptoms at baseline and again 8 years later.We then identified specific depressive symptom trajectories that increased the risk of diabetes in the second phase.Finally,we confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and their trajectories with diabetes risk using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)as a validation study.Depressive symptom trajectories were categorized into five states based on changes in the modified 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores:Persistently high;increasing;fluctuating;decreasing;and persistently low.Diabetes mellitus was defined as self-reported,physician-diagnosed diabetes.Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios(HR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI),adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS In the first phase a total of 27658 participants were included(HRS:18633,ELSA:9025),among whom 6582 had depressive symptoms(HRS:4547,ELSA:2035),6407 had somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:4414,ELSA:1993),and 26415 had cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:17755,ELSA:8660).We found that overall depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.18,95%CI:1.03-1.34)and somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.25,95%CI:1.10-1.42)increased the risk of diabetes,while cognitive depressive symptoms were not associated with diabetes risk.Over an 8-year follow-up we identified 19729 trajectories of overall,somatic,and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:13918,ELSA:5811).In the second phase we found that persistently high(HRS:HR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,ELSA:HR=1.54,95%CI:1.16-2.05 in total and HRS:HR=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,ELSA:HR=1.79,95%CI:1.36-2.35 in somatic)and fluctuating(HRS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.01-1.17,ELSA:HR=1.33,95%CI:1.14-1.55 in total and HRS:HR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.18,ELSA:HR=1.31,95%CI:1.13-1.53 in somatic)trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while increasing trajectories may also raise diabetes risk.However,decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.Cognitive-affective depressive symptoms showed no association with diabetes risk regardless of trajectory changes.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the findings.CONCLUSION Persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.In contrast trajectories of cognitiveaffective depressive symptoms show no relationship with diabetes risk.Focusing on depressive symptom trajectories,particularly those of somatic depressive symptoms,represented a viable strategy for future diabetes prevention.展开更多
The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding d...The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding different cultural traditions and presenting one’s cultural traits in a mutually contextualized manner.By analyzing the cross-cultural essence of literary studies with a focus on word transformation and critical discourse and also emphasizing that literary studies should fully consider the linguistic elements of literary texts,the theoretical origins of critical terminology,and the cultural stance of the researcher,it becomes possible to understand the important role of literary studies in humanistic academic knowledge production.展开更多
Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive ...Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive geographic area.A growing number of people are adopting the bottom-up strategy,which involves local communities and combines sustainable development with conservation.The viability of creating a UNESCO-recognized geopark in Kutch is assessed in this study.This study examines the key geoheritage features of the Kutch region,explores the socio-economic prospects of a geopark through geotourism and community development,and evaluates its conformity with UNESCO’s Global Geopark criteria on conservation,education,and sustainability.The study also evaluates the overall feasibility of the project,its economic,social,and environmental implications,and the adequacy of the requisite infrastructure..Its geological,cultural,and historical significance,as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors,are the parameters considered for investigation.Despite multiple applications to UNESCO,the Gujarat region of Kutch,which is rich in geological,cultural,and historical elements,is not recognised as a World Heritage Site.In actuality,there are 195 geoparks in 48 nations worldwide as of 2023,however India does not have one.The findings of the study provide critical insights that can direct initiatives to establish India’s first geopark and promote regional sustainability.展开更多
Objective: To identify the relation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the human novel gene UBAP1, which is located in the region of minimal heterozygosity deletion at 9pl3.2 and down-expressed in NPC. Methods: Fiv...Objective: To identify the relation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the human novel gene UBAP1, which is located in the region of minimal heterozygosity deletion at 9pl3.2 and down-expressed in NPC. Methods: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within UBAP1 gene were analysed by sequencing in 105 NPC patients and 183 control subjects which matched to the NPC cases on age, sex and residence. Results: Significant association was found between NPC with one SNP mark (rs1049557), which is located at 3' non-region of UBAP1 gene; the relative risk of this SNP mark is 1.64 (genotype GG) and 1.31 (genotype CG). Conclusion: The result has proved again that UBAP1 gene may play a certain role in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The SNP mark rs1049557, considering its location, may influence the expression of UBAP1 gene.展开更多
基金Supported by The Foundation of Education and Science Planning Project of Hubei Province(in part),No.2012A050the Intramural Research Program of Hubei University of Medicine,No.2011CZX01
文摘AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 10 th, 2013 for relevant case-control studies that investigated the association between PD and CHD. After quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and data extraction by two independent authors, the overall and subgroup meta-analyses were performed and publication bias were examined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, Egger linear regression test, and trims and fill method.RESULTS: Finally 38 relevant case-control studies were identified, involving 4950 CHD patients and 5490 controls. Eleven studies were rated low quality and 27 were high quality. Based on random-effects, a significant association was identified between PD and CHD(OR 3.79, 95%CI: 2.23-6.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.59%), and sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust. Subgroup analyses according to adjusted/unadjusted ORs, source of control, methodological quality, end point, assessment of PD/CHD, and ethnicity also indicated a significant association. Publication bias was detected, and the estimated OR including the "missing" studies did not substantially differ from our estimate with adjustment for missing studies(OR 4.15, 95%CI: 2.62-6.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Based on the meta-analysis, PD is probably associated with CHD risk independently and significantly.
文摘Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.
文摘Background: Case-control studies have been used extensively in determining the aetiology of rare diseases. However, case-control studies often suffer from participation bias in the control group, resulting in biased odds ratios that cause problems with interpretation. Participation bias can be hard to detect and is often ignored. Methods: Population data can be used in place of the possibly biased control group, to investigate whether participation bias may have affected the results in previous studies, or in place of controls in future studies. We demonstrate this approach by reanalysing and comparing the results of two case-control studies: Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire children and stroke in Indian adults. Findings: Using population data to represent the control groups reduced the width of the confidence intervals given in the original studies and confirmed the findings for the two diabetes risk factors used;caesarean birth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12 (1.53, 2.95) compared with 1.84 (1.09, 3.10)) and amniocentesis (OR = 3.38 (2.09, 5.47) compared with 3.85 (1.34, 11.04)). The three stroke risk factors investigated were found to have increased odds ratios when using population data;hypertension (OR = 5.645 (5.639, 5.650) compared with 3.807 (2.114, 6.856)), diabetes (OR = 12.212 (12.200, 12.224) compared with 3.473 (1.757, 6.866)) and smoking (OR = 5.701 (5.696, 5.707) compared with 2.242 (1.255, 4.005)). Interpretation: Participation bias can greatly affect the results of a study and cause some potential risk factors to be over-or underestimated. This approach allows previous studies to be investigated for participation bias and presents an alternative to a control group in future studies, while improving precision.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
文摘Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.
基金National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China[2021YFC2500404].
文摘Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.
基金the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio'n"(No.SAF2011-26983)the Plan Galego IDT(No.EM 2012/045)the grant from the Sistema Universitario Gallego-Modalidad REDES(No.2012-PG226,to A.Salas) from the Xunta de Galicia
文摘During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases （generally com- mon/complex diseases） （Fig. 1）. However, several authors have gathered evidence indicating a high incidence of false positive findings in mtDNA case-control association studies. Raule et al. （2007） and Herrnstadt and Howell （2004） showed various problems affecting mtDNA case-control association studies. Salas et al.
文摘Background：Studies on the association between spicy food intake and cancer risk have reported inconsistent results.We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from case-control studies.Methods：PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible publications.Combined odds ratios （ORs） with their 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated using a random-or fixed-effects model.The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale （NOS）.All data were analyzed using STATA 1 1.0 software （version 11.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA）.Subgroup analyses were also performed with stratification by region,sex,number of cases,cancer subtype,source of the control group,and NOS score.Results：A total 39 studies from 28 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis （7884 patients with cancer and 10,142 controls）.Comparison of the highest versus lowest exposure category in each study revealed a significant OR of 1.76 （95% CI =1.35-2.29） in spite of significant heterogeneity （P 〈 0.00l）.In the subgroup analyses,this positive correlation was still found for gastric cancer,different regions,different numbers of cases,different sources of the control group,and high-quality articles （NOS score of≥ 7）.However,no statistically significant association was observed for women,esophageal cancer,gallbladder cancer,or low-quality articles （NOS score of〈7）.No evidence of publication bias was found.Conclusions：Evidence from case-control studies suggested that a higher level of spicy food intake may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer despite significant heterogeneity.More studies are warranted to clarify our understanding of the association between high spicy food intake and the risk of cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteristics of top 100 cited articles on gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted.The publications and their features were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection,Science Citation Index-Expanded database.Excel,Web of Science database and SPSS software were used to perform the statistical description and analysis.VOSviewer software and Map-Chart were responsible for the visualizations.RESULTS The top 100 cited articles were published between 1976 and 2022.The guidelines(52%)and clinical trials(37%)are the main article types,and average publication year of the guidelines is much later than that of the clinical trials(2015 vs 1998).Among the clinical trials,diagnostic study(27.0%),cohort study(21.6%),case series(13.5%)and cross-sectional study(10.8%)account for a large proportion.Average citations of different study types and designs of the enrolled studies are of no significant differences.Most of the 100 articles were published by European authors and recorded by the endoscopic journals(65%).Top journals in medicine,such as the Lancet,New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA,also reported studies in this field.The hot spots of involved diseases include neoplasm or cancer-related diseases,inflammatory diseases,obstructive diseases,gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulcer.Endoscopic surgery,endoscopic therapy and stent placement are frequently studied.CONCLUSION Our research contributes to delineating the field and identifying the characteristics of the most highly cited articles.It is noteworthy that there is a significantly smaller number of clinical trials included compared to guidelines,indicating potential areas for future high-quality clinical trials.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundations of China(32172702)the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS02).
文摘Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test period by automated feeding stations,which facilitate to evaluate the resilience traits.In this study,we adopted the root mean square error(RMSE)of ordinary least squares(OLS)and the negative residuals of quantile regression(QR)to generate four different novel resilience traits using daily records of feed intake and feed duration between 90 and 180 days of age in a population of commercial Duroc pigs.The genome-wide association studies(GWAS)based on single-and two-trait mixed models were carried out on 550 pigs using 48,603 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to identify genomic regions associated with resilience traits in growing pigs.We further focused on the GWAS signals to conduct gene annotation,colocalization with multi-tissue eQTL summary statistics of PigGTEx project and identification of enhancers and promoters using the publicly available data.The genomic heritabilities of four novel resilience traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.41.The pairwise genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.95 and from 0.05 to 0.36,respectively.Twenty-seven SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with these resilience traits.They were distributed on nine chromosomes(SSC1,SSC2,SSC6,SSC7,SSC8,SSC12,SSC14,SSC16 and SSC17).After annotation,39 QTLs and 49 candidate genes were identified.Several of these are functionally relevant candidate genes including OTUD4,TIFA and CARD14,which are involved in the host immune response,disease susceptibility and signal transduction.Eight unique SNPs were found to be causal in both GWAS and eQTL analyses across 15 tissues.Notably,one SNP(rs80794541)was associated with eQTLs identified concurrently across seven tissues/cell types,including the macrophage cell type.Furthermore,four significant SNPs(rs81467127,rs81356029,rs80794541 and rs81305085)were linked to the function of the primed enhancer,active element,and poised promoter in five pig tissues.Using the porcine fibroblast HiC dataset,SNP(rs81356029)on SSC2 regulates the CARNS1 and SSH3,while SNP(rs80794541)on SSC7 regulates the H2AC6.In this study,we generated four novel resilience traits and identified SNPs significantly associated with these resilience traits in a Duroc pig population.GWAS signals were associated with candidate genes involving in the immune traits,and were linked to the crucial regulatory elements as well.Our findings will contribute to elucidating the genetic mechanism that can enhance genome-enabled breeding and inform further research on resilience in domestic pigs.
基金“Cyborg Narratives and the Construction of 21^(st)Century Science Fiction Poetics”(22BZW175)sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.
文摘Objective:To analyze factors affecting the utilization of human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing(HCT)service among human immunodeficiency virus risk groups at Hessa Air Genting Health Center,Asahan Regency,North Sumatera,Indonesia.Methods:This quantitative unmatched case-control study was conducted from April 2024 to April 2025 at Hessa Air Genting Health Center,Asahan Regency,North Sumatra Province,Indonesia.Female sex workers and men who have sex with men were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0,with univariate analysis,bivariate analysis(Chi-square test),and multivariate analysis(logistic regression analysis).Results:Comprehensive analysis of 75 cases and 75 controls was conducted to identify factors affecting the utilization of HCT services.Specifically,this study identified significant effects of knowledge(OR 3.2,95%CI 1.5-7.0,P=0.003),perception(OR 5.6,95%CI 2.5-12.5,P<0.001),information media(OR 3.1,95%CI 1.4-6.8,P=0.005),and health workers encouragement(OR 4.0,95%CI 1.5-10.4,P=0.005).In contrast,access to health services did not have a significant effect.Conclusions:Knowledge,perception,information media,and health worker encouragement had significant effects on HCT service utilization,with perception identified as the dominant factor.To improve utilization,strengthening positive perceptions,targeted training for healthcare workers,strengthened partnerships with local non-governmental organizations,and the use of social media for health promotion are recommended.
文摘Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the Palgrave Studies in Literature,Culture,and Economics series and The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Economics(2022).In recent years,he has significantly influenced the intersection of literature and economics,advocating particularly for a shift towards the Economic Humanities.This interview covers:1.The definition and theoretical origin of the Economic Humanities;2.The internal heterogeneity and critical limitations of the New Economic Criticism,and the theoretical advantages and potential development of the Economic Humanities;3.What research paradigms do Environmental Humanities,Medical Humanities,and Digital Humanities provide for the Economic Humanities;4.How literary researchers can work at the interface of the Economic Humanities research.As a novel interdisciplinary interface between literature and economics,Professor Paul Crosthwaite’s concept of the Economic Humanities not only pioneers methodological tools for interdisciplinary studies of literature and economics but also underscores the interpretative potential and disciplinary benefits of literary viewpoints on economics.This underscores the vital role of literature in human knowledge,meriting attention from the literary research academia.
文摘Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3606400 and 2023YFB4603200)Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(23&ZD188)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374013).
文摘Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship between the trajectory of depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes over time.AIM To investigate the association between depressive symptoms,their trajectories,and the risk of developing diabetes in two prospective cohort studies.METHODS In the first phase we analyzed the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes separately using the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Depressive symptom trajectories were assessed by examining changes in depressive symptoms at baseline and again 8 years later.We then identified specific depressive symptom trajectories that increased the risk of diabetes in the second phase.Finally,we confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and their trajectories with diabetes risk using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)as a validation study.Depressive symptom trajectories were categorized into five states based on changes in the modified 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores:Persistently high;increasing;fluctuating;decreasing;and persistently low.Diabetes mellitus was defined as self-reported,physician-diagnosed diabetes.Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios(HR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI),adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS In the first phase a total of 27658 participants were included(HRS:18633,ELSA:9025),among whom 6582 had depressive symptoms(HRS:4547,ELSA:2035),6407 had somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:4414,ELSA:1993),and 26415 had cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:17755,ELSA:8660).We found that overall depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.18,95%CI:1.03-1.34)and somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.25,95%CI:1.10-1.42)increased the risk of diabetes,while cognitive depressive symptoms were not associated with diabetes risk.Over an 8-year follow-up we identified 19729 trajectories of overall,somatic,and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:13918,ELSA:5811).In the second phase we found that persistently high(HRS:HR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,ELSA:HR=1.54,95%CI:1.16-2.05 in total and HRS:HR=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,ELSA:HR=1.79,95%CI:1.36-2.35 in somatic)and fluctuating(HRS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.01-1.17,ELSA:HR=1.33,95%CI:1.14-1.55 in total and HRS:HR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.18,ELSA:HR=1.31,95%CI:1.13-1.53 in somatic)trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while increasing trajectories may also raise diabetes risk.However,decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.Cognitive-affective depressive symptoms showed no association with diabetes risk regardless of trajectory changes.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the findings.CONCLUSION Persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.In contrast trajectories of cognitiveaffective depressive symptoms show no relationship with diabetes risk.Focusing on depressive symptom trajectories,particularly those of somatic depressive symptoms,represented a viable strategy for future diabetes prevention.
文摘The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding different cultural traditions and presenting one’s cultural traits in a mutually contextualized manner.By analyzing the cross-cultural essence of literary studies with a focus on word transformation and critical discourse and also emphasizing that literary studies should fully consider the linguistic elements of literary texts,the theoretical origins of critical terminology,and the cultural stance of the researcher,it becomes possible to understand the important role of literary studies in humanistic academic knowledge production.
文摘Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive geographic area.A growing number of people are adopting the bottom-up strategy,which involves local communities and combines sustainable development with conservation.The viability of creating a UNESCO-recognized geopark in Kutch is assessed in this study.This study examines the key geoheritage features of the Kutch region,explores the socio-economic prospects of a geopark through geotourism and community development,and evaluates its conformity with UNESCO’s Global Geopark criteria on conservation,education,and sustainability.The study also evaluates the overall feasibility of the project,its economic,social,and environmental implications,and the adequacy of the requisite infrastructure..Its geological,cultural,and historical significance,as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors,are the parameters considered for investigation.Despite multiple applications to UNESCO,the Gujarat region of Kutch,which is rich in geological,cultural,and historical elements,is not recognised as a World Heritage Site.In actuality,there are 195 geoparks in 48 nations worldwide as of 2023,however India does not have one.The findings of the study provide critical insights that can direct initiatives to establish India’s first geopark and promote regional sustainability.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National 63High-Tech Program of China (No. 2001AA221031) and a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30100027). *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
文摘Objective: To identify the relation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the human novel gene UBAP1, which is located in the region of minimal heterozygosity deletion at 9pl3.2 and down-expressed in NPC. Methods: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within UBAP1 gene were analysed by sequencing in 105 NPC patients and 183 control subjects which matched to the NPC cases on age, sex and residence. Results: Significant association was found between NPC with one SNP mark (rs1049557), which is located at 3' non-region of UBAP1 gene; the relative risk of this SNP mark is 1.64 (genotype GG) and 1.31 (genotype CG). Conclusion: The result has proved again that UBAP1 gene may play a certain role in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The SNP mark rs1049557, considering its location, may influence the expression of UBAP1 gene.
