The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focu...The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.展开更多
The medical case records are an important carrier for the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment experience,the standardization construction of which contributes to promoting TCM moder...The medical case records are an important carrier for the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment experience,the standardization construction of which contributes to promoting TCM modernization.This article reviewed the development process of TCM medical case records,and pointed out that the main problems restricting the standardization of medical case records are complex formats,confusing terminology,and scattered experience.Suggestions have been proposed to standardize the format and content of medical case records,and unify terminology standards to promote the in-depth exploration of medical case record experience,and the sustainable development of clinical medical case record databases,to provide reference for promoting the standardization of TCM and improving the international influence of TCM diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Objective:To analyze misdiagnosis features in clinical cases of“Classified Medical Cases of Famous Physicians”and“Supplement to Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians.”Materials and Methods:Two hundred a...Objective:To analyze misdiagnosis features in clinical cases of“Classified Medical Cases of Famous Physicians”and“Supplement to Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians.”Materials and Methods:Two hundred and five ancient misdiagnosed cases were analyzed in aspects of locations(exterior-interior type,qi-blood type and Zang‑Fu organs type)and patterns(heat-cold type and deficiency-excess type)by Apriori Algorithm Method.Results:The main types of misdiagnosis in those medical casesare as follows::Zang‑Fu location misjudgment,misjudging the interior as the exterior,misjudging deficiency pattern as excess pattern,and misjudging cold pattern as heat pattern.Among them,the most outstanding type is the misjudgment of deficiency–cold pattern as excess–heat pattern.Conclusions:(1)Accurate judgment of location and differentiation of deficiency and excess patterns are the key points in diagnosing the diseases correctly.The confusion of true deficiency–cold and pseudo‑excess–heat pattern should be taken seriously.(2)Data mining on ancient clinical cases offers a new methodology for assisting clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient times.Throughout their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and audience.This paper exam...Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient times.Throughout their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and audience.This paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by East Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case report.Each has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different roles.The case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling East Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.展开更多
基金This study is financed by the grants from Israel Science Foundation(No.ISF-1199/16)Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange(No.RG001-U-19).
文摘The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.
基金National Public Welfare Industry Special Research Fund Project-Demonstration Research on the Protection of Ancient Healthrelated Books and Knowledge Mining Based on the Chinese Medical Collection(201507006-2).
文摘The medical case records are an important carrier for the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment experience,the standardization construction of which contributes to promoting TCM modernization.This article reviewed the development process of TCM medical case records,and pointed out that the main problems restricting the standardization of medical case records are complex formats,confusing terminology,and scattered experience.Suggestions have been proposed to standardize the format and content of medical case records,and unify terminology standards to promote the in-depth exploration of medical case record experience,and the sustainable development of clinical medical case record databases,to provide reference for promoting the standardization of TCM and improving the international influence of TCM diagnosis and treatment.
基金Budget Foundation of Shanghai University of TCM(A1-GY010130)Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Shanghai(2019BTQ005)。
文摘Objective:To analyze misdiagnosis features in clinical cases of“Classified Medical Cases of Famous Physicians”and“Supplement to Classified Case Records of Celebrated Physicians.”Materials and Methods:Two hundred and five ancient misdiagnosed cases were analyzed in aspects of locations(exterior-interior type,qi-blood type and Zang‑Fu organs type)and patterns(heat-cold type and deficiency-excess type)by Apriori Algorithm Method.Results:The main types of misdiagnosis in those medical casesare as follows::Zang‑Fu location misjudgment,misjudging the interior as the exterior,misjudging deficiency pattern as excess pattern,and misjudging cold pattern as heat pattern.Among them,the most outstanding type is the misjudgment of deficiency–cold pattern as excess–heat pattern.Conclusions:(1)Accurate judgment of location and differentiation of deficiency and excess patterns are the key points in diagnosing the diseases correctly.The confusion of true deficiency–cold and pseudo‑excess–heat pattern should be taken seriously.(2)Data mining on ancient clinical cases offers a new methodology for assisting clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient times.Throughout their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and audience.This paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by East Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case report.Each has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different roles.The case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling East Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.
