Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of tre...Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of treating hypersensitivity for individuals with chronic teeth pain. SDF is also used as a method to treat and arrest dental caries. SDF application is limited due to its negative esthetic effects, which is a black stain where the cavity was present on the tooth. Topical application of potassium iodide applied immediately after SDF has been shown in studies to reduce the color change caused by SDF. This study used topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatments on bovine teeth to determine if SDF and KI were efficacious in the treatment for carious lesions. The color change was detected by use of spectrophotometric analysis to determine L, a and b readings that demarcate light and color values following staining. The conclusion was made that the application of SDF followed directly by KI treatment produced L, a and b spectrophotometric values that indicated a significant reduction in teeth staining than the application of SDF alone. Therefore, this study supports the idea that SDF and KI can be used to treat carious lesions on bovine teeth while retaining surface enamel coloration.展开更多
High-resolution spatial and temporal analysis and 3D visualization of time-dependent processes,such as human dental enamel acid demineralization,often present a challenging task.Overcoming this challenge often require...High-resolution spatial and temporal analysis and 3D visualization of time-dependent processes,such as human dental enamel acid demineralization,often present a challenging task.Overcoming this challenge often requires the development of special methods.Dental caries remains one of the most important oral diseases that involves the demineralization of hard dental tissues as a consequence of acid production by oral bacteria.Enamel has a hierarchically organized architecture that extends down to the nanostructural level and requires high resolution to study its evolution in detail.Enamel demineralization is a dynamic process that is best investigated with the help of in situ experiments.In previous studies,synchrotron tomography was applied to study the 3D enamel structure at certain time points(time-lapse tomography).Here,another distinct approach to time-evolving tomography studies is presented,whereby the sample image is reconstructed as it undergoes continuous rotation over a virtually unlimited angular range.The resulting(single)data set contains the data for multiple(potentially overlapping)intermediate tomograms that can be extracted and analyzed as desired using timestepping selection of data subsets from the continuous fly-scan recording.One of the advantages of this approach is that it reduces the amount of time required to collect an equivalent number of single tomograms.Another advantage is that the nominal time step between successive reconstructions can be significantly reduced.We applied this approach to the study of acidic enamel demineralization and observed the progression of demineralization over time steps significantly smaller than the total acquisition time of a single tomogram,with a voxel size smaller than 0.5μm.It is expected that the approach presented in this paper can be useful for high-resolution studies of other dynamic processes and for assessing small structural modifications in evolving hierarchical materials.展开更多
文摘Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of treating hypersensitivity for individuals with chronic teeth pain. SDF is also used as a method to treat and arrest dental caries. SDF application is limited due to its negative esthetic effects, which is a black stain where the cavity was present on the tooth. Topical application of potassium iodide applied immediately after SDF has been shown in studies to reduce the color change caused by SDF. This study used topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatments on bovine teeth to determine if SDF and KI were efficacious in the treatment for carious lesions. The color change was detected by use of spectrophotometric analysis to determine L, a and b readings that demarcate light and color values following staining. The conclusion was made that the application of SDF followed directly by KI treatment produced L, a and b spectrophotometric values that indicated a significant reduction in teeth staining than the application of SDF alone. Therefore, this study supports the idea that SDF and KI can be used to treat carious lesions on bovine teeth while retaining surface enamel coloration.
基金done as part of“Tackling human dental caries by multi-modal correlative microscopy and multi-physics modelling”(EP/P005381/1)and“Rich Nonlinear Tomography for advanced materials”(EP/V007785/1)funded by The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)+2 种基金the support of the Health Research Bridging Salary Scheme(BRR00060-DF02 and BRR00060-DF03,respectively)the Medical Science Divisions,University of Oxford.Synchrotron tomography data were collected on I13-2 beamline in Diamond Light Source(Diamond Light Source Ltd.,Didcot,Oxfordshire,OX110DE,U.K.)under the proposal mg29256-1additional data beamtime facilitated by Dr.Andrew Bodey of Diamond Light Source.The authors wish to thank Dr.Jonathan D.James(School of Dentistry,University of Birmingham)for the support in preparing the dental sample.Prof.Jin-Chong Tan(University of Oxford,U.K.)is thanked for the additional supervision of the study.
文摘High-resolution spatial and temporal analysis and 3D visualization of time-dependent processes,such as human dental enamel acid demineralization,often present a challenging task.Overcoming this challenge often requires the development of special methods.Dental caries remains one of the most important oral diseases that involves the demineralization of hard dental tissues as a consequence of acid production by oral bacteria.Enamel has a hierarchically organized architecture that extends down to the nanostructural level and requires high resolution to study its evolution in detail.Enamel demineralization is a dynamic process that is best investigated with the help of in situ experiments.In previous studies,synchrotron tomography was applied to study the 3D enamel structure at certain time points(time-lapse tomography).Here,another distinct approach to time-evolving tomography studies is presented,whereby the sample image is reconstructed as it undergoes continuous rotation over a virtually unlimited angular range.The resulting(single)data set contains the data for multiple(potentially overlapping)intermediate tomograms that can be extracted and analyzed as desired using timestepping selection of data subsets from the continuous fly-scan recording.One of the advantages of this approach is that it reduces the amount of time required to collect an equivalent number of single tomograms.Another advantage is that the nominal time step between successive reconstructions can be significantly reduced.We applied this approach to the study of acidic enamel demineralization and observed the progression of demineralization over time steps significantly smaller than the total acquisition time of a single tomogram,with a voxel size smaller than 0.5μm.It is expected that the approach presented in this paper can be useful for high-resolution studies of other dynamic processes and for assessing small structural modifications in evolving hierarchical materials.
