Injury to central nervous system(CNS)tissues in adult mam-mals often leads to neuronal loss,scarring,and permanently lost neurologic functions,and this default healing response is increasingly linked to a pro-inflamma...Injury to central nervous system(CNS)tissues in adult mam-mals often leads to neuronal loss,scarring,and permanently lost neurologic functions,and this default healing response is increasingly linked to a pro-inflammatory innate immune response.Extracellular matrix(ECM)technology can reduce inflammation,while increasing functional tissue remodeling in various tissues and organs,including the CNS.展开更多
Productivity at the berth is one from the group of port productivity measures which is closely tied to ship turnaround times.Net berth productivity is value of productivity related to the operational time at the berth...Productivity at the berth is one from the group of port productivity measures which is closely tied to ship turnaround times.Net berth productivity is value of productivity related to the operational time at the berth.Based on the facts identified from available literature about minor share of researches related to the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulk cargoes in a seaport,it was decided to take this port productivity metrics as an object of a research.After a detailed analysis of different categories of the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulks,key groups of influential factors which determine values of the net berth productivity are identified and systematized.Some principal elements related to improving net berth productivity are taken into consideration,too.Concrete results shown in this paper are related to the Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal in the Port of Bar(Montenegro).展开更多
Post-synthetic modifications(PSM)have drawn great attention as a vigoroso tool to tune or enhance the performance of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).However,the current PSM method usually have to sacrifice the porosity...Post-synthetic modifications(PSM)have drawn great attention as a vigoroso tool to tune or enhance the performance of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).However,the current PSM method usually have to sacrifice the porosity of MOFs to enrich their functionality,such as pore space partition(PSP)and postsynthetic elimination and insertion(PSE&I),causing a trade-off in this aspect.To address this issue,we herein propose a new PSM strategy of using the size-matching ligands as the bolts to lock MOFs'pores,which could be anchored onto open metal sites(OMSs)after vip loading through a stepwise manipulation.As a result,the loaded cargoes undergo a controlled releasing process with respect to different bolt ligands.Our proposed strategy provides a promising way to balance the functionality and porosity of MOFs.展开更多
This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for marit...This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for maritime cargo shipped from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. Two main types of cargo are predicted to pass through the Arctic passages in the future. First, about 10 million t of liquefied natural gas will be delivered from Russia and the Nordic Arctic to the Far East by 2030. Second, there will be two-way trade flow of containerized cargo from the Far East to Europe and the United States through the North- east, Central and Northwest Passages. This will relieve pressure on present routes from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. If Arctic navigation is technically possible in all seasons and shipping costs fall to those of ordinary ships, then assuming an equal share of shipping volume with the traditional canal routes, the maximum container freight passing through the Arctic passages by 2030 will be approximately 17.43 million TEUs （Twenty-foot Equivalent Units） per year, which is 85% of the volume transported on traditional canal routes in 2011. We conclude that there will be large-scale gas transportation through the Northeast Passage in the near future, and transit shipping across the Arctic will focus more on container transportation. The differences in shipping costs between Arctic routes and traditional canal routes are also compared.展开更多
Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Pro...Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Province.Its cargo throughput has consistently ranked first globally for many years,and its container volume growth ranks second globally,forming a port cluster covering the entire industrial chain.展开更多
Autophagy is well-known for delivering cargo materials to lysosomes for proteolytic digestion.Recently,autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in unconventional protein secretion(UPS).This perspective introduces unco...Autophagy is well-known for delivering cargo materials to lysosomes for proteolytic digestion.Recently,autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in unconventional protein secretion(UPS).This perspective introduces unconventional secretion pathways,focusing on secretory autophagy and its role in secreting protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative disorders.We also explore additional neuronal functions of secretory autophagy beyond the release of protein aggregates.We propose autophagosomes as transport organelles that deliver cargo material directly from the endoplasmatic reticulum(ER)to the plasma membrane rather than solely to lysosomes.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,which predominantly manifest in the stomach,colorectum,liver,esophagus,and pancreas,accounting for approximately 35%of global cancer-related mortality.The advent of liquid biopsy has introd...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,which predominantly manifest in the stomach,colorectum,liver,esophagus,and pancreas,accounting for approximately 35%of global cancer-related mortality.The advent of liquid biopsy has introduced a pivotal diagnostic modality for the early identification of premalignant GI lesions and incipient cancers.This non-invasive technique not only facilitates prompt therapeutic intervention,but also serves as a critical adjunct in prognosticating the likelihood of tumor recurrence.The wealth of circulating exosomes present in body fluids is often enriched with proteins,lipids,microRNAs,and other RNAs derived from tumor cells.These specific cargo components are reflective of processes involved in GI tumorigenesis,tumor progression,and response to treatment.As such,they represent a group of promising biomarkers for aiding in the diagnosis of GI cancer.In this review,we delivered an exhaustive overview of the composition of exosomes and the pathways for cargo sorting within these vesicles.We laid out some of the clinical evidence that supported the utilization of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers for GI cancers and discussed their potential for clinical application.Furthermore,we addressed the challenges encountered when harnessing exosomes as diagnostic and predictive instruments in the realm of GI cancers.展开更多
Current treatments for glioblastoma face challenges such as the blood-brain barrier and lack of targeted therapy,compounded by the aggressive nature,high invasiveness,and heterogeneity of the disease.Exosomes,a subtyp...Current treatments for glioblastoma face challenges such as the blood-brain barrier and lack of targeted therapy,compounded by the aggressive nature,high invasiveness,and heterogeneity of the disease.Exosomes,a subtype of extracellular vesicles are emerging as promising nanocarrier drug delivery systems to address these limitations.Exosomes released by all cell types can be easily obtained and modified as delivery vehicles or therapeutic agents.A systematic review was conducted to evaluate various methods for exosome isolation,characterization,engineering or modification,drug loading and delivery efficiency,including exosome biodistribution and treatment efficacy.A search of four databases for in vitro and in vivo studies(2000–,2023)identified 6165 records,of which 23 articles were found eligible and included for analyses.Most studies applied ultracentrifugation(UC)for exosomes isolation.Cancer cell lines being the most frequently used source of exosomes,followed by stem cells.The incubation approach was predominantly utilized to modify exosomes for drug loading.In vivo analysis showed that exosome biodistribution was primarily concentrated in the brain region,peaking in the first 6 h and remained moderately high.Compared to native exosomes and untreated control groups,utilizing modified native exosomes(cargo loaded)for treating glioblastoma disease models led to more pronounced suppression of tumor growth and proliferation,enhanced stimulation of immune response and apoptosis,effective restoration of drug chemosensitivity,increased anti-tumor effect and prolonged survival rates.Modified exosomes whether through incubation,sonication,transfection,freeze-thawing or their combination,improve targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma.展开更多
With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was ...With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was built by China Merchants Heavy Industry(CMHI)in Jiangsu,China,and made its first voyage last year.Measuring 37.6 meters wide and 199.9 meters long,it is considered the worlds largest Pure Car and Truck Carrier(PCTC)vessel for transporting various types of vehicles,and thanks to strengthened decks and enhanced internal ramp systems(坡道系统),it can carry heavier electric vehicles on all 14 decks,making it future⁃proof.With a cargo capacity of 9,100 vehicles,the first Höegh Aurora class carrier beats the previous worlds largest vehicle carrier by 600 vehicles.展开更多
Intracellular transports of cargoes are performed by biological molecular motors that move processively along their linear tracks.In some cases,the cargo can interact with the track.A typical example of these cases is...Intracellular transports of cargoes are performed by biological molecular motors that move processively along their linear tracks.In some cases,the cargo can interact with the track.A typical example of these cases is the transport of a major mitotic signaling module,the chromosomal passenger complex(CPC),along the microtubule toward the equatorial cortex by a kinesin-6 motor during anaphase,where the CPC can interact with the microtubule.Here,an analytical theory is presented on the dynamics of the molecular motor transporting a track-interacted cargo.The theory is then applied to the transport of the track-interacted cargo by kinesin-6 and by kinesin-1 motors,with the theoretical results reproducing quantitatively the available experimental data.It is found that a diffusive cargo along the track,with the diffusion constant≥0.1μm2s-1,can largely enhance the processivity relative to the non-diffusive cargo and relative to the cargo having no interaction with the track.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discre...This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discrete derivatives and introducing logistics-related constraints.Optional consideration of the rotation of the cargoes was made to further enhance the optimality of the solutions,if possible to be physically implemented.Evaluation metrics were developed for accurate evaluation and enhancement of the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize the loading space and provide a high level of dynamic stability.Experimental results demonstrate the extensive robustness of the proposed algorithm to the diversity of cargoes present in Business-to-Consumer environments.This study contributes practical advancements in both cargo loading optimization and automation of the logistics industry,with potential applications in last-mile delivery services,warehousing,and supply chain management.展开更多
Changsha has played a pioneering role in reshaping cross-continental trade and cooperation.From the 50,000 pieces of Changsha Kiln ceramics recovered from the Tang Dynasty shipwreck“Black Stone”to today’s weekly ca...Changsha has played a pioneering role in reshaping cross-continental trade and cooperation.From the 50,000 pieces of Changsha Kiln ceramics recovered from the Tang Dynasty shipwreck“Black Stone”to today’s weekly cargo flights between China and Africa,Changsha’s trade with the African continent has spanned over a thousand years.This historic cultural city is playing an increasingly vital role in China-Africa economic and trade cooperation,with a spirit of innovation and openness.展开更多
Cargo airdrop has long been one of the most important measures to deal with urgent immediate needs, such as providing as- sists in military operations and sending relief to disaster areas, just to name a few. Because ...Cargo airdrop has long been one of the most important measures to deal with urgent immediate needs, such as providing as- sists in military operations and sending relief to disaster areas, just to name a few. Because it is carried out during flight, it is necessary to investigate the influences of the drop process on flight characteristics to ensure successful execution of the task. This article mainly studies the modeling of flight systems in large flying transport planes with cargo moving in it. By buildi...展开更多
The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to ...The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to treat breast cancer via accurate tumor elimination,on-demand adipose tissue regeneration and effective infection inhibition.The hydrogel consisted of thiol groups ended polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG-SH)and doxorubicin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocarriers(DOX@MSNs)double crosslinked hyaluronic acid(HA)after loading of antibacterial peptides(AP)and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).A pH-cleavable unsaturated amide bond was pre-introduced between MSNs and HA frame to perform the tumor-specific acidic environment dependent DOX@MSNs release,meanwhile an esterase degradable glyceryl dimethacrylate cap was grafted on MSNs,which contributed to the selective chemotherapy in tumor cells with over-expressed esterase.The bond cleavage between MSNs and HA would also cause the swelling of the hydrogel,which not only provide sufficient space for the growth of ADSCs,but allows the hydrogel to fully fill the irregular defects generated by surgery and residual tumor atrophy,resulting in the on-demand regeneration of adipose tissue.Moreover,the sustained release of AP could be simultaneously triggered along with the size change of hydrogel,which further avoided bacterial infection to promote tissue regeneration.展开更多
To study the characteristics of cargo extraction, the initial phase of airdrop process, a high fidelity and extendibility simulation model with uniform motion equations for all states during extraction is developed on...To study the characteristics of cargo extraction, the initial phase of airdrop process, a high fidelity and extendibility simulation model with uniform motion equations for all states during extraction is developed on the basis of dynamics methods and contact models between cargo and aircraft. Simulation results agree well with tests data. Cargo exit parameters, which contribute to cargo pitch after extraction, are studied. Simplified computation model of dimensionless exit time is developed and used to evaluate the relation between extraction phase and landing accuracy. Safe interval model is introduced to evaluate the safety of extraction process. Also, relations between initial parameters, including pull coefficient, aircraft pitch and CG coefficient, etc, and result parameters, including exit time, cargo safety, pitch, etc, are developed to help design of airdrop system, especially the selection of extraction parachute and cargo deployment.展开更多
Muon scattering tomography is believed to be a promising technique for cargo container inspection, owing to the ability of natural muons to penetrate into dense materials and the absence of artificial radiation. In th...Muon scattering tomography is believed to be a promising technique for cargo container inspection, owing to the ability of natural muons to penetrate into dense materials and the absence of artificial radiation. In this work, the material discrimination ability of muon scattering tomography is evaluated based on experiments at the Tsinghua University cosmic ray muon tomography facility,with four materials: flour(as drugs substitute), aluminum,steel, and lead. The features of the different materials could be discriminated with cluster analysis and classifiers based on support vector machine. The overall discrimination precisions for these four materials could reach 70, 95, and 99% with 1-, 5-, and 10-min-long measurement,respectively.展开更多
Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to susta...Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.展开更多
Bone remodeling is precisely coordinated by bone resorption and formation.Apoptotic osteoclasts generate large amounts of apoptotic bodies(ABs)marking the end of the bone resorption phase,whereas the functions of oste...Bone remodeling is precisely coordinated by bone resorption and formation.Apoptotic osteoclasts generate large amounts of apoptotic bodies(ABs)marking the end of the bone resorption phase,whereas the functions of osteoclast-derived ABs remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the molecular profile of ABs derived from osteoclasts at distinct differentiation stages and investigated their corresponding functions.ABs were isolated from apoptotic bone marrow macrophages,preosteoclasts,and mature osteoclasts induced by staurosporine.Proteomic signature analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry suggested marked protein cargo differences among the different ABs.Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the proteomic signatures of the ABs were highly similar to those of their parental cells.Functionally,pOC-ABs induced endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and increased CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cell formation in a murine bone defect model via their PDGF-BB cargo.mOC-ABs induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and facilitated osteogenesis via RANKL reverse signaling.In summary,we mapped the detailed proteomic landscapes of ABs derived from osteoclasts and showed that their potential biological roles are important in coupling bone formation with resorption during bone remodeling.展开更多
As international maritime organization （IMO） draft 289 was adopted to develop a low-alloy anti-corrosion steel for the deck of cargo oil tank and to understand corrosion mechanism, corrosion behavior of a low-alloy ...As international maritime organization （IMO） draft 289 was adopted to develop a low-alloy anti-corrosion steel for the deck of cargo oil tank and to understand corrosion mechanism, corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel with chromium contents was studied in O2-CO2-SO2-H2 S wet gas environment. Corrosion rate was measured, and the microstructure and morphology of corrosion product film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The phase and chemical composition of the corrosion product film were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, respectively. The effect of misorientation distribution on corro- sion resistance of steel was evaluated by electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD）. The results showed that corro- sion rate decreased with increasing chromium content in the low-alloy steel, and the corrosion type was general corrosion. The phenomenon of chromium enrichment was found in corrosion product film consisting of a-FeOOH, γ- FeOOH, sulphur, FeS2 and Fel-xS. The increase of chromium content decreases the amount of high-angle grain boundaries, thus resulting in the improvement of corrosion resistance.展开更多
文摘Injury to central nervous system(CNS)tissues in adult mam-mals often leads to neuronal loss,scarring,and permanently lost neurologic functions,and this default healing response is increasingly linked to a pro-inflammatory innate immune response.Extracellular matrix(ECM)technology can reduce inflammation,while increasing functional tissue remodeling in various tissues and organs,including the CNS.
文摘Productivity at the berth is one from the group of port productivity measures which is closely tied to ship turnaround times.Net berth productivity is value of productivity related to the operational time at the berth.Based on the facts identified from available literature about minor share of researches related to the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulk cargoes in a seaport,it was decided to take this port productivity metrics as an object of a research.After a detailed analysis of different categories of the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulks,key groups of influential factors which determine values of the net berth productivity are identified and systematized.Some principal elements related to improving net berth productivity are taken into consideration,too.Concrete results shown in this paper are related to the Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal in the Port of Bar(Montenegro).
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.2212006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22171144,21501012,21806011 and 21761026)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nankai University)High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five–year Plan(No.CIT&TCD201904044)。
文摘Post-synthetic modifications(PSM)have drawn great attention as a vigoroso tool to tune or enhance the performance of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).However,the current PSM method usually have to sacrifice the porosity of MOFs to enrich their functionality,such as pore space partition(PSP)and postsynthetic elimination and insertion(PSE&I),causing a trade-off in this aspect.To address this issue,we herein propose a new PSM strategy of using the size-matching ligands as the bolts to lock MOFs'pores,which could be anchored onto open metal sites(OMSs)after vip loading through a stepwise manipulation.As a result,the loaded cargoes undergo a controlled releasing process with respect to different bolt ligands.Our proposed strategy provides a promising way to balance the functionality and porosity of MOFs.
基金supported by the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of China"Seaworthy Evaluation of the Arctic Sea Route,Research and Demonstration of Channel Forecast(Grant no.201205007-6)" the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programmes(Grant no.CHINARE2013-04-05-01)
文摘This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for maritime cargo shipped from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. Two main types of cargo are predicted to pass through the Arctic passages in the future. First, about 10 million t of liquefied natural gas will be delivered from Russia and the Nordic Arctic to the Far East by 2030. Second, there will be two-way trade flow of containerized cargo from the Far East to Europe and the United States through the North- east, Central and Northwest Passages. This will relieve pressure on present routes from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. If Arctic navigation is technically possible in all seasons and shipping costs fall to those of ordinary ships, then assuming an equal share of shipping volume with the traditional canal routes, the maximum container freight passing through the Arctic passages by 2030 will be approximately 17.43 million TEUs （Twenty-foot Equivalent Units） per year, which is 85% of the volume transported on traditional canal routes in 2011. We conclude that there will be large-scale gas transportation through the Northeast Passage in the near future, and transit shipping across the Arctic will focus more on container transportation. The differences in shipping costs between Arctic routes and traditional canal routes are also compared.
文摘Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Province.Its cargo throughput has consistently ranked first globally for many years,and its container volume growth ranks second globally,forming a port cluster covering the entire industrial chain.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)grant LU 2347/3-1(to PL).
文摘Autophagy is well-known for delivering cargo materials to lysosomes for proteolytic digestion.Recently,autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in unconventional protein secretion(UPS).This perspective introduces unconventional secretion pathways,focusing on secretory autophagy and its role in secreting protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative disorders.We also explore additional neuronal functions of secretory autophagy beyond the release of protein aggregates.We propose autophagosomes as transport organelles that deliver cargo material directly from the endoplasmatic reticulum(ER)to the plasma membrane rather than solely to lysosomes.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,which predominantly manifest in the stomach,colorectum,liver,esophagus,and pancreas,accounting for approximately 35%of global cancer-related mortality.The advent of liquid biopsy has introduced a pivotal diagnostic modality for the early identification of premalignant GI lesions and incipient cancers.This non-invasive technique not only facilitates prompt therapeutic intervention,but also serves as a critical adjunct in prognosticating the likelihood of tumor recurrence.The wealth of circulating exosomes present in body fluids is often enriched with proteins,lipids,microRNAs,and other RNAs derived from tumor cells.These specific cargo components are reflective of processes involved in GI tumorigenesis,tumor progression,and response to treatment.As such,they represent a group of promising biomarkers for aiding in the diagnosis of GI cancer.In this review,we delivered an exhaustive overview of the composition of exosomes and the pathways for cargo sorting within these vesicles.We laid out some of the clinical evidence that supported the utilization of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers for GI cancers and discussed their potential for clinical application.Furthermore,we addressed the challenges encountered when harnessing exosomes as diagnostic and predictive instruments in the realm of GI cancers.
基金supported by the Bridging Grant from Universiti Sains Malaysia (R501LR-RND003–0000001319–0000)funding through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2020/TK0/USM/02/32–6171275) awarded by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia
文摘Current treatments for glioblastoma face challenges such as the blood-brain barrier and lack of targeted therapy,compounded by the aggressive nature,high invasiveness,and heterogeneity of the disease.Exosomes,a subtype of extracellular vesicles are emerging as promising nanocarrier drug delivery systems to address these limitations.Exosomes released by all cell types can be easily obtained and modified as delivery vehicles or therapeutic agents.A systematic review was conducted to evaluate various methods for exosome isolation,characterization,engineering or modification,drug loading and delivery efficiency,including exosome biodistribution and treatment efficacy.A search of four databases for in vitro and in vivo studies(2000–,2023)identified 6165 records,of which 23 articles were found eligible and included for analyses.Most studies applied ultracentrifugation(UC)for exosomes isolation.Cancer cell lines being the most frequently used source of exosomes,followed by stem cells.The incubation approach was predominantly utilized to modify exosomes for drug loading.In vivo analysis showed that exosome biodistribution was primarily concentrated in the brain region,peaking in the first 6 h and remained moderately high.Compared to native exosomes and untreated control groups,utilizing modified native exosomes(cargo loaded)for treating glioblastoma disease models led to more pronounced suppression of tumor growth and proliferation,enhanced stimulation of immune response and apoptosis,effective restoration of drug chemosensitivity,increased anti-tumor effect and prolonged survival rates.Modified exosomes whether through incubation,sonication,transfection,freeze-thawing or their combination,improve targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma.
文摘With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was built by China Merchants Heavy Industry(CMHI)in Jiangsu,China,and made its first voyage last year.Measuring 37.6 meters wide and 199.9 meters long,it is considered the worlds largest Pure Car and Truck Carrier(PCTC)vessel for transporting various types of vehicles,and thanks to strengthened decks and enhanced internal ramp systems(坡道系统),it can carry heavier electric vehicles on all 14 decks,making it future⁃proof.With a cargo capacity of 9,100 vehicles,the first Höegh Aurora class carrier beats the previous worlds largest vehicle carrier by 600 vehicles.
基金supported by the Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(No.KJQN202404522)。
文摘Intracellular transports of cargoes are performed by biological molecular motors that move processively along their linear tracks.In some cases,the cargo can interact with the track.A typical example of these cases is the transport of a major mitotic signaling module,the chromosomal passenger complex(CPC),along the microtubule toward the equatorial cortex by a kinesin-6 motor during anaphase,where the CPC can interact with the microtubule.Here,an analytical theory is presented on the dynamics of the molecular motor transporting a track-interacted cargo.The theory is then applied to the transport of the track-interacted cargo by kinesin-6 and by kinesin-1 motors,with the theoretical results reproducing quantitatively the available experimental data.It is found that a diffusive cargo along the track,with the diffusion constant≥0.1μm2s-1,can largely enhance the processivity relative to the non-diffusive cargo and relative to the cargo having no interaction with the track.
基金supported by the BK21 FOUR funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea,a Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA)grant funded by the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,and Transport(Grant 1615013176)IITP(Institute of Information&Coummunications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ICAN(ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2024-00438411).
文摘This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems.The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discrete derivatives and introducing logistics-related constraints.Optional consideration of the rotation of the cargoes was made to further enhance the optimality of the solutions,if possible to be physically implemented.Evaluation metrics were developed for accurate evaluation and enhancement of the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize the loading space and provide a high level of dynamic stability.Experimental results demonstrate the extensive robustness of the proposed algorithm to the diversity of cargoes present in Business-to-Consumer environments.This study contributes practical advancements in both cargo loading optimization and automation of the logistics industry,with potential applications in last-mile delivery services,warehousing,and supply chain management.
文摘Changsha has played a pioneering role in reshaping cross-continental trade and cooperation.From the 50,000 pieces of Changsha Kiln ceramics recovered from the Tang Dynasty shipwreck“Black Stone”to today’s weekly cargo flights between China and Africa,Changsha’s trade with the African continent has spanned over a thousand years.This historic cultural city is playing an increasingly vital role in China-Africa economic and trade cooperation,with a spirit of innovation and openness.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60134010)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2007ZD53053)
文摘Cargo airdrop has long been one of the most important measures to deal with urgent immediate needs, such as providing as- sists in military operations and sending relief to disaster areas, just to name a few. Because it is carried out during flight, it is necessary to investigate the influences of the drop process on flight characteristics to ensure successful execution of the task. This article mainly studies the modeling of flight systems in large flying transport planes with cargo moving in it. By buildi...
基金the National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(X.C.)the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi'an Jiaotong University(X.C.)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JZ-48 to X.C.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272141 to X.C.)the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.2023-JC-QN-0260 to X.Q.).
文摘The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to treat breast cancer via accurate tumor elimination,on-demand adipose tissue regeneration and effective infection inhibition.The hydrogel consisted of thiol groups ended polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG-SH)and doxorubicin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocarriers(DOX@MSNs)double crosslinked hyaluronic acid(HA)after loading of antibacterial peptides(AP)and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).A pH-cleavable unsaturated amide bond was pre-introduced between MSNs and HA frame to perform the tumor-specific acidic environment dependent DOX@MSNs release,meanwhile an esterase degradable glyceryl dimethacrylate cap was grafted on MSNs,which contributed to the selective chemotherapy in tumor cells with over-expressed esterase.The bond cleavage between MSNs and HA would also cause the swelling of the hydrogel,which not only provide sufficient space for the growth of ADSCs,but allows the hydrogel to fully fill the irregular defects generated by surgery and residual tumor atrophy,resulting in the on-demand regeneration of adipose tissue.Moreover,the sustained release of AP could be simultaneously triggered along with the size change of hydrogel,which further avoided bacterial infection to promote tissue regeneration.
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (04E51046)
文摘To study the characteristics of cargo extraction, the initial phase of airdrop process, a high fidelity and extendibility simulation model with uniform motion equations for all states during extraction is developed on the basis of dynamics methods and contact models between cargo and aircraft. Simulation results agree well with tests data. Cargo exit parameters, which contribute to cargo pitch after extraction, are studied. Simplified computation model of dimensionless exit time is developed and used to evaluate the relation between extraction phase and landing accuracy. Safe interval model is introduced to evaluate the safety of extraction process. Also, relations between initial parameters, including pull coefficient, aircraft pitch and CG coefficient, etc, and result parameters, including exit time, cargo safety, pitch, etc, are developed to help design of airdrop system, especially the selection of extraction parachute and cargo deployment.
文摘Muon scattering tomography is believed to be a promising technique for cargo container inspection, owing to the ability of natural muons to penetrate into dense materials and the absence of artificial radiation. In this work, the material discrimination ability of muon scattering tomography is evaluated based on experiments at the Tsinghua University cosmic ray muon tomography facility,with four materials: flour(as drugs substitute), aluminum,steel, and lead. The features of the different materials could be discriminated with cluster analysis and classifiers based on support vector machine. The overall discrimination precisions for these four materials could reach 70, 95, and 99% with 1-, 5-, and 10-min-long measurement,respectively.
文摘Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.
基金This work was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802166)a grant from the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(81930067)a first-class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M613315).
文摘Bone remodeling is precisely coordinated by bone resorption and formation.Apoptotic osteoclasts generate large amounts of apoptotic bodies(ABs)marking the end of the bone resorption phase,whereas the functions of osteoclast-derived ABs remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the molecular profile of ABs derived from osteoclasts at distinct differentiation stages and investigated their corresponding functions.ABs were isolated from apoptotic bone marrow macrophages,preosteoclasts,and mature osteoclasts induced by staurosporine.Proteomic signature analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry suggested marked protein cargo differences among the different ABs.Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the proteomic signatures of the ABs were highly similar to those of their parental cells.Functionally,pOC-ABs induced endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and increased CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cell formation in a murine bone defect model via their PDGF-BB cargo.mOC-ABs induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and facilitated osteogenesis via RANKL reverse signaling.In summary,we mapped the detailed proteomic landscapes of ABs derived from osteoclasts and showed that their potential biological roles are important in coupling bone formation with resorption during bone remodeling.
基金Item Sponsored by National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011ZX05016-004)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011BAE25B00)
文摘As international maritime organization （IMO） draft 289 was adopted to develop a low-alloy anti-corrosion steel for the deck of cargo oil tank and to understand corrosion mechanism, corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel with chromium contents was studied in O2-CO2-SO2-H2 S wet gas environment. Corrosion rate was measured, and the microstructure and morphology of corrosion product film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The phase and chemical composition of the corrosion product film were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, respectively. The effect of misorientation distribution on corro- sion resistance of steel was evaluated by electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD）. The results showed that corro- sion rate decreased with increasing chromium content in the low-alloy steel, and the corrosion type was general corrosion. The phenomenon of chromium enrichment was found in corrosion product film consisting of a-FeOOH, γ- FeOOH, sulphur, FeS2 and Fel-xS. The increase of chromium content decreases the amount of high-angle grain boundaries, thus resulting in the improvement of corrosion resistance.
