[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrat...[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.展开更多
Traditional anomaly detection methods often assume that data points are independent or exhibit regularly structured relationships,as in Euclidean data such as time series or image grids.However,real-world data frequen...Traditional anomaly detection methods often assume that data points are independent or exhibit regularly structured relationships,as in Euclidean data such as time series or image grids.However,real-world data frequently involve irregular,interconnected structures,requiring a shift toward non-Euclidean approaches.This study introduces a novel anomaly detection framework designed to handle non-Euclidean data by modeling transactions as graph signals.By leveraging graph convolution filters,we extract meaningful connection strengths that capture relational dependencies often overlooked in traditional methods.Utilizing the Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)framework,we integrate graph-based embeddings with conventional anomaly detection models,enhancing performance through relational insights.Ourmethod is validated on European credit card transaction data,demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting fraudulent transactions,particularly thosewith subtle patterns that evade traditional,amountbased detection techniques.The results highlight the advantages of incorporating temporal and structural dependencies into fraud detection,showcasing the robustness and applicability of our approach in complex,real-world scenarios.展开更多
Every December,millions of Christmas cards go through the post offices.There're pictures of stars, snow or Christmas tree on the cards. In these days it's hard to think of a Christmas without cards,yet
In 2000, a remote user authentication scheme using smart cards was proposed and the masquerade attacks were proved successful on this scheme. Recently, Kumar has suggested the idea of check digits to overcome the abov...In 2000, a remote user authentication scheme using smart cards was proposed and the masquerade attacks were proved successful on this scheme. Recently, Kumar has suggested the idea of check digits to overcome the above attacks with a new scheme that removes these threats well. In this paper it is pointed out that the weakness still exists in Kumar＇s scheme, and the intruder can login to the remote system through having some information. A new scheme which can overcome these attacks and appears more secure and efficient than Kumar＇s is presented.展开更多
With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)technique,sensitive information collected by sensors may be leaked.In recent years,many authentication schemes have been proposed.Banerjee et al proposed a biometric ...With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)technique,sensitive information collected by sensors may be leaked.In recent years,many authentication schemes have been proposed.Banerjee et al proposed a biometric based user authentication scheme in wireless sensor networks using smart cards in 2019.But we found that Banerjee et al's authentication scheme is vulnerable to impersonation attacks.In order to overcome the weaknesses of Banerjee et al's scheme,we propose a new authentication scheme.In our proposed scheme,we only use the exclusive-or operation and one-way Hash function for the efficiency,which can reduce the computation burden for the IoT devices.In the authentication and session key agreement phase,the secret registration parameter is not used for the authentication,and the session key is given for the all entities.In the Devol-Yao threat model,the security analysis demonstrates that our proposed authentication scheme can resist well-known attacks.展开更多
Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards wer...Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.展开更多
The question of how many shuffles are required to randomize an initially ordered deck of cards is a problem that has fascinated mathematicians, scientists, and the general public. The two principal theoretical approac...The question of how many shuffles are required to randomize an initially ordered deck of cards is a problem that has fascinated mathematicians, scientists, and the general public. The two principal theoretical approaches to the problem, which differed in how each defined randomness, has led to statistically different threshold numbers of shuffles. This paper reports a comprehensive experimental analysis of the card randomization problem for the purposes of determining 1) which of the two theoretical approaches made the more accurate prediction, 2) whether different statistical tests yield different threshold numbers of randomizing shuffles, and 3) whether manual or mechanical shuffling randomizes a deck more effectively for a given number of shuffles. Permutations of 52-card decks, each subjected to sets of 19 successive riffle shuffles executed manually and by an auto-shuffling device were recorded sequentially and analyzed in respect to 1) the theory of runs, 2) rank ordering, 3) serial correlation, 4) theory of rising sequences, and 5) entropy and information theory. Among the outcomes, it was found that: 1) different statistical tests were sensitive to different patterns indicative of residual order;2) as a consequence, the threshold number of randomizing shuffles could vary widely among tests;3) in general, manual shuffling randomized a deck better than mechanical shuffling for a given number of shuffles;and 4) the mean number of rising sequences as a function of number of manual shuffles matched very closely the theoretical predictions based on the Gilbert-Shannon-Reed (GSR) model of riffle shuffles, whereas mechanical shuffling resulted in significantly fewer rising sequences than predicted.展开更多
基金Supported by Development Program of Misereor Foundation of Germany(335-0311028Z)~~
文摘[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korea government(RS-2023-00249743)Additionally,this research was supported by the Global-Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s,PhD Students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2024-00443714)This research was also supported by the“Research Base Construction Fund Support Program”funded by Jeonbuk National University in 2025.
文摘Traditional anomaly detection methods often assume that data points are independent or exhibit regularly structured relationships,as in Euclidean data such as time series or image grids.However,real-world data frequently involve irregular,interconnected structures,requiring a shift toward non-Euclidean approaches.This study introduces a novel anomaly detection framework designed to handle non-Euclidean data by modeling transactions as graph signals.By leveraging graph convolution filters,we extract meaningful connection strengths that capture relational dependencies often overlooked in traditional methods.Utilizing the Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)framework,we integrate graph-based embeddings with conventional anomaly detection models,enhancing performance through relational insights.Ourmethod is validated on European credit card transaction data,demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting fraudulent transactions,particularly thosewith subtle patterns that evade traditional,amountbased detection techniques.The results highlight the advantages of incorporating temporal and structural dependencies into fraud detection,showcasing the robustness and applicability of our approach in complex,real-world scenarios.
文摘Every December,millions of Christmas cards go through the post offices.There're pictures of stars, snow or Christmas tree on the cards. In these days it's hard to think of a Christmas without cards,yet
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10671051)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (103060)
文摘In 2000, a remote user authentication scheme using smart cards was proposed and the masquerade attacks were proved successful on this scheme. Recently, Kumar has suggested the idea of check digits to overcome the above attacks with a new scheme that removes these threats well. In this paper it is pointed out that the weakness still exists in Kumar＇s scheme, and the intruder can login to the remote system through having some information. A new scheme which can overcome these attacks and appears more secure and efficient than Kumar＇s is presented.
基金Supported by the Applied Basic and Advanced Technology Research Programs of Tianjin(15JCYBJC15900)。
文摘With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)technique,sensitive information collected by sensors may be leaked.In recent years,many authentication schemes have been proposed.Banerjee et al proposed a biometric based user authentication scheme in wireless sensor networks using smart cards in 2019.But we found that Banerjee et al's authentication scheme is vulnerable to impersonation attacks.In order to overcome the weaknesses of Banerjee et al's scheme,we propose a new authentication scheme.In our proposed scheme,we only use the exclusive-or operation and one-way Hash function for the efficiency,which can reduce the computation burden for the IoT devices.In the authentication and session key agreement phase,the secret registration parameter is not used for the authentication,and the session key is given for the all entities.In the Devol-Yao threat model,the security analysis demonstrates that our proposed authentication scheme can resist well-known attacks.
基金Supported by the Misereor Foundation(grant ref:335-031-1028 Z)
文摘Field experiments to evaluate four different colored sticky cards for trapping non-target insects were conducted in an organic maize field in the Heinigou region of China. Yellow, blue, green, and red sticky cards were used to trap insects in the field. The total number of insects species caught was 54, with 3,862 individuals recorded. Over half of the specimens caught were non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, particularly dipteran species(including many mosquitoes)(50.3%), followed by target pests(37.0%), and beneficial insects(12.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in attraction to target pests, non-target pests, and beneficial insects among treatment groups. The results showed that higher numbers of target pests(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius, Nysius ericaecshinly Schilling) were caught on yellow sticky card traps compared with blue, green, or red sticky card traps, indicating that yellow was the best trap color for target pests, with green and blue being progressively less attractive. For non-target insects, including phytophagous insects, flies, and mosquitoes,higher numbers of were caught on blue sticky card traps compared with yellow,green, or red sticky card traps. Our study indicated that blue was the most attractive color for flies, especially for the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. Our study also showed that most beneficial insects exhibited preferences to particular trap color characteristics: yellow was the most attractive color for parasitic wasps and lady beetles; blue was the most attractive color for hoverflies and honeybees. In contrast,green and red had no significant attraction to beneficial insects.
文摘The question of how many shuffles are required to randomize an initially ordered deck of cards is a problem that has fascinated mathematicians, scientists, and the general public. The two principal theoretical approaches to the problem, which differed in how each defined randomness, has led to statistically different threshold numbers of shuffles. This paper reports a comprehensive experimental analysis of the card randomization problem for the purposes of determining 1) which of the two theoretical approaches made the more accurate prediction, 2) whether different statistical tests yield different threshold numbers of randomizing shuffles, and 3) whether manual or mechanical shuffling randomizes a deck more effectively for a given number of shuffles. Permutations of 52-card decks, each subjected to sets of 19 successive riffle shuffles executed manually and by an auto-shuffling device were recorded sequentially and analyzed in respect to 1) the theory of runs, 2) rank ordering, 3) serial correlation, 4) theory of rising sequences, and 5) entropy and information theory. Among the outcomes, it was found that: 1) different statistical tests were sensitive to different patterns indicative of residual order;2) as a consequence, the threshold number of randomizing shuffles could vary widely among tests;3) in general, manual shuffling randomized a deck better than mechanical shuffling for a given number of shuffles;and 4) the mean number of rising sequences as a function of number of manual shuffles matched very closely the theoretical predictions based on the Gilbert-Shannon-Reed (GSR) model of riffle shuffles, whereas mechanical shuffling resulted in significantly fewer rising sequences than predicted.
