This study evaluates the authenticity,verifiability,and alignment of Voluntary Carbon Offset(VCO)claims made by eighteen European airlines,aligning them with proposed EU regulations specifically targeting greenwashing...This study evaluates the authenticity,verifiability,and alignment of Voluntary Carbon Offset(VCO)claims made by eighteen European airlines,aligning them with proposed EU regulations specifically targeting greenwashing practices.Our analysis focuses on four key components within VCO programs:measurement,integrity,significance,and alignment.Our findings reveal that European airlines are engaging in greenwashing practices in their VCO programs.The most compelling evidence lies in the insignificance and misalignment of these programs,indicating they are implemented without substantial impact on the airlines’mitigation efforts and are not integrated into their strategies.It is essential to clarify that this research does not delve into the intent behind greenwashing practices but rather aims to shed light on the potential for consumer misperception resulting from such practices.Despite some important limitations,the Greenwashing Directive represents a significant step towards enhancing transparency within the environmental sector,aligning closely with established academic frameworks.展开更多
This study examines the attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese air travelers towards voluntary carbon offset(VCO)programs,with a focus on understanding the motivations and awareness levels that drive offsetting behavio...This study examines the attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese air travelers towards voluntary carbon offset(VCO)programs,with a focus on understanding the motivations and awareness levels that drive offsetting behaviors.An online survey conducted between February 28 and April 30,2023,gathered responses from 534 Portuguese residents who had traveled by air in the 12-month period prior to completion of the survey The findings reveal that while the decision to participate in VCO programs is primarily driven by a fundamental environmental ethos among offsetters,tourists exhibit limited understanding of these programs and heightened concern about affordability.Notably,the study uncovers a significant cognitive dissociation among tourists,where they often overlook or fail to acknowledge VCO offers.The findings highlight the challenge of integrating sustainability into the leisure tourism experience.This suggests that future research must account for these psychological hurdles when conducting sustainability experiments.Moreover,for sustainability initiatives to be truly effective,they must first address these cognitive barriers and reshape how environmental responsibility is perceived during leisure travel.展开更多
为探究碳抵消领域的发展情况,本文以Web of Science数据库1993—2023年收录的722篇文章为研究对象,基于Citespace软件对收集的文献数据进行国家、机构、领域的可视化分析,汇总研究碳抵消的国家、机构和发表的期刊以及碳抵消涉及的领域...为探究碳抵消领域的发展情况,本文以Web of Science数据库1993—2023年收录的722篇文章为研究对象,基于Citespace软件对收集的文献数据进行国家、机构、领域的可视化分析,汇总研究碳抵消的国家、机构和发表的期刊以及碳抵消涉及的领域的发展现状,再利用关键词分析碳抵消研究的发展趋势和研究热点。研究表明:(1)在2007年后,碳抵消研究迅速发展;(2)研究较多的国家分别是美国、澳大利亚、中国以及加拿大,发文前3的机构是加州大学系统(University of California System)、美国农业部(United States Department of Agriculture)、美国森林服务(US Forest Service);(3)研究前3的领域是环境科学(environmental sciences)、环境研究(environmental studies)、林业(forestry);(4)碳抵消研究的前4个重要类别分别是森林抵消(forest carbon offsets)、支付意愿(willingness to pay)、碳中和(carbon neutrality)、碳足迹(carbon footprint)。展开更多
为量化公路边坡恢复生态系统的固碳潜力,以华南地区公路边坡为研究对象,构建基于植被演替过程的边坡固碳量计算模型,计算公路沿线生态边坡的固碳量,及其固碳功能对公路路基和路面工程施工期CO_(2)排放的抵消作用,并据此分析华南地区公...为量化公路边坡恢复生态系统的固碳潜力,以华南地区公路边坡为研究对象,构建基于植被演替过程的边坡固碳量计算模型,计算公路沿线生态边坡的固碳量,及其固碳功能对公路路基和路面工程施工期CO_(2)排放的抵消作用,并据此分析华南地区公路边坡恢复生态系统的固碳潜力。结果表明:1)公路边坡恢复过程中,植被和土壤固碳量随时间分别呈现先增长后趋于稳定,以及先减小后增长的变化趋势,且植被碳库对边坡固碳量的贡献达到64%以上;2)公路边坡生态恢复的前20年内固碳(C)速率最高,约为0.60~0.69 kg/(m^(2)·a),与红树林等自然生态系统相当;3)2023—2050年间,广连高速公路沿线生态边坡表现出不俗的固碳潜力,其固碳量由4530 t增长至3万1860~3万4660 t CO_(2),占路基和路面工程施工期CO_(2)排放量的比例由2.59%增长至18.25%~19.85%。本研究结果可为边坡碳汇资源的评估提供参考、可为人工边坡碳汇与水土保持功能修复技术的改进提供科学依据。展开更多
Emissions trading schemes(ETSs)have been a central component of international climate change policies,as a carbon pricing tool to achieve emissions reduction targets.Forest carbon offset credits have been leveraged in...Emissions trading schemes(ETSs)have been a central component of international climate change policies,as a carbon pricing tool to achieve emissions reduction targets.Forest carbon offset credits have been leveraged in many ETSs to efficiently meet emission reduction targets,yet there is little knowledge about the perceptions,experiences,and challenges associated with the forest carbon offsetting in existing and pilot ETS.Given that the future inclusion of forest carbon offset in ETS management activities and policies will require strong support and acceptability among the institutions and experts involved in ETS,this study explores the experiences and lessons learned with 16 globally engaging experts representing major existing ETSs(North America,Europe,and New Zealand)and Chinese pilot ETSs towards the inclusion of forestry offsets,major concerns and challenges with existing implementation models.Findings revealed that many respondents particularly from North America,New Zealand,and Chinese pilot systems portrayed positive attitudes toward the inclusion of forestry carbon offsets and its role in contributing to a viable ETS,while European experts were not supportive.Respondents cited leakage,permanence,additionality,and monitoring design features as the major challenges and concerns that inhibit the expansion and inclusion of forest carbon offsetting.Respondents from Chinese pilot schemes referenced a unique set of challenges related to implementation,including the increasing cost of afforestation and reforestation projects,the uncertainty in the future supply and demand for their national Certified Emissions Reduction(CER)scheme and landowner engagement.Existing and future ETSs should learn from and address the challenges experienced by global experts and carbon pricing mechanisms to design,evaluate,or enhance their forest carbon offset programs for an effective and viable system that successfully contributes to GHG mitigation practices globally.We recommend inclusion of forest carbon offsets at the early stages of ETS improves the perceptions and experience of policy makers and practitioners toward the success and potential of forestry offsets in ETS ensuring familiarity and confidence in the mechanism.展开更多
Trees,generally,are used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Other methods need to be considered.NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)uses iron lime to increase the plankton uptake from the ocea...Trees,generally,are used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Other methods need to be considered.NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)uses iron lime to increase the plankton uptake from the ocean bed.We can remove the carbon through the practice of shellfish farming.In French Polynesia,oysters mean pearl oyster farming.An independent assessment of the shellfish industry would be required to determine the carbon sequestration and generate carbon offsets through this method.CO2 sink in pearl oysters shell,called MOP(Mother Of Pearl)can be allocated into precious button and objects or powder in poultry farming.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the tourism industry and affecting on natural ecology,making it more environmentally friendly,efficient and personalized.In 2025,AI technologies are being actively implemente...Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the tourism industry and affecting on natural ecology,making it more environmentally friendly,efficient and personalized.In 2025,AI technologies are being actively implemented to reduce the carbon footprint,optimize resources,and improve the travel experience.Here are the key applications of AI in environmentally sustainable smart tourism:AI in smart tourism is not just a technological trend,but a necessity for the sustainable development of the industry.Paper analyses personalized and green travel experience and smart tourism.AI-based applications(Google ARCore)allow tourists to get information about attractions without paper booklets.Virtual tours reduce the need for physical travel by reducing the carbon footprint.Platforms offer routes with minimal impact on nature(for example,hiking trails instead of car tours).Tourists can offset their carbon footprint through AI tools by financing tree planting.The introduction of AI solutions allows combining economic benefits with environmental responsibility,creating a future where travel becomes safer for the planet.Paper confirms idea about sustainable tourism development in developing countries and focus on premium ecotourism.Instead of mass tourism,AI helps promote unique destinations(safaris,diving,ethnographic tours),which increases income with less environmental damage.Smart cities with AI-driven transport and energy-saving solutions make tourism more sustainable.展开更多
文摘This study evaluates the authenticity,verifiability,and alignment of Voluntary Carbon Offset(VCO)claims made by eighteen European airlines,aligning them with proposed EU regulations specifically targeting greenwashing practices.Our analysis focuses on four key components within VCO programs:measurement,integrity,significance,and alignment.Our findings reveal that European airlines are engaging in greenwashing practices in their VCO programs.The most compelling evidence lies in the insignificance and misalignment of these programs,indicating they are implemented without substantial impact on the airlines’mitigation efforts and are not integrated into their strategies.It is essential to clarify that this research does not delve into the intent behind greenwashing practices but rather aims to shed light on the potential for consumer misperception resulting from such practices.Despite some important limitations,the Greenwashing Directive represents a significant step towards enhancing transparency within the environmental sector,aligning closely with established academic frameworks.
文摘This study examines the attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese air travelers towards voluntary carbon offset(VCO)programs,with a focus on understanding the motivations and awareness levels that drive offsetting behaviors.An online survey conducted between February 28 and April 30,2023,gathered responses from 534 Portuguese residents who had traveled by air in the 12-month period prior to completion of the survey The findings reveal that while the decision to participate in VCO programs is primarily driven by a fundamental environmental ethos among offsetters,tourists exhibit limited understanding of these programs and heightened concern about affordability.Notably,the study uncovers a significant cognitive dissociation among tourists,where they often overlook or fail to acknowledge VCO offers.The findings highlight the challenge of integrating sustainability into the leisure tourism experience.This suggests that future research must account for these psychological hurdles when conducting sustainability experiments.Moreover,for sustainability initiatives to be truly effective,they must first address these cognitive barriers and reshape how environmental responsibility is perceived during leisure travel.
文摘为探究碳抵消领域的发展情况,本文以Web of Science数据库1993—2023年收录的722篇文章为研究对象,基于Citespace软件对收集的文献数据进行国家、机构、领域的可视化分析,汇总研究碳抵消的国家、机构和发表的期刊以及碳抵消涉及的领域的发展现状,再利用关键词分析碳抵消研究的发展趋势和研究热点。研究表明:(1)在2007年后,碳抵消研究迅速发展;(2)研究较多的国家分别是美国、澳大利亚、中国以及加拿大,发文前3的机构是加州大学系统(University of California System)、美国农业部(United States Department of Agriculture)、美国森林服务(US Forest Service);(3)研究前3的领域是环境科学(environmental sciences)、环境研究(environmental studies)、林业(forestry);(4)碳抵消研究的前4个重要类别分别是森林抵消(forest carbon offsets)、支付意愿(willingness to pay)、碳中和(carbon neutrality)、碳足迹(carbon footprint)。
文摘为量化公路边坡恢复生态系统的固碳潜力,以华南地区公路边坡为研究对象,构建基于植被演替过程的边坡固碳量计算模型,计算公路沿线生态边坡的固碳量,及其固碳功能对公路路基和路面工程施工期CO_(2)排放的抵消作用,并据此分析华南地区公路边坡恢复生态系统的固碳潜力。结果表明:1)公路边坡恢复过程中,植被和土壤固碳量随时间分别呈现先增长后趋于稳定,以及先减小后增长的变化趋势,且植被碳库对边坡固碳量的贡献达到64%以上;2)公路边坡生态恢复的前20年内固碳(C)速率最高,约为0.60~0.69 kg/(m^(2)·a),与红树林等自然生态系统相当;3)2023—2050年间,广连高速公路沿线生态边坡表现出不俗的固碳潜力,其固碳量由4530 t增长至3万1860~3万4660 t CO_(2),占路基和路面工程施工期CO_(2)排放量的比例由2.59%增长至18.25%~19.85%。本研究结果可为边坡碳汇资源的评估提供参考、可为人工边坡碳汇与水土保持功能修复技术的改进提供科学依据。
基金funded by the China Green Carbon Foundation and the Faculty of Forestry,University of British Columbia。
文摘Emissions trading schemes(ETSs)have been a central component of international climate change policies,as a carbon pricing tool to achieve emissions reduction targets.Forest carbon offset credits have been leveraged in many ETSs to efficiently meet emission reduction targets,yet there is little knowledge about the perceptions,experiences,and challenges associated with the forest carbon offsetting in existing and pilot ETS.Given that the future inclusion of forest carbon offset in ETS management activities and policies will require strong support and acceptability among the institutions and experts involved in ETS,this study explores the experiences and lessons learned with 16 globally engaging experts representing major existing ETSs(North America,Europe,and New Zealand)and Chinese pilot ETSs towards the inclusion of forestry offsets,major concerns and challenges with existing implementation models.Findings revealed that many respondents particularly from North America,New Zealand,and Chinese pilot systems portrayed positive attitudes toward the inclusion of forestry carbon offsets and its role in contributing to a viable ETS,while European experts were not supportive.Respondents cited leakage,permanence,additionality,and monitoring design features as the major challenges and concerns that inhibit the expansion and inclusion of forest carbon offsetting.Respondents from Chinese pilot schemes referenced a unique set of challenges related to implementation,including the increasing cost of afforestation and reforestation projects,the uncertainty in the future supply and demand for their national Certified Emissions Reduction(CER)scheme and landowner engagement.Existing and future ETSs should learn from and address the challenges experienced by global experts and carbon pricing mechanisms to design,evaluate,or enhance their forest carbon offset programs for an effective and viable system that successfully contributes to GHG mitigation practices globally.We recommend inclusion of forest carbon offsets at the early stages of ETS improves the perceptions and experience of policy makers and practitioners toward the success and potential of forestry offsets in ETS ensuring familiarity and confidence in the mechanism.
文摘Trees,generally,are used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Other methods need to be considered.NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)uses iron lime to increase the plankton uptake from the ocean bed.We can remove the carbon through the practice of shellfish farming.In French Polynesia,oysters mean pearl oyster farming.An independent assessment of the shellfish industry would be required to determine the carbon sequestration and generate carbon offsets through this method.CO2 sink in pearl oysters shell,called MOP(Mother Of Pearl)can be allocated into precious button and objects or powder in poultry farming.
基金financed as part of the project“Development of a methodology for instrumental base formation for analysis and modeling of the spatial socio-economic development of systems based on internal reserves in the context of digitalization”(FSEG-2023-0008).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the tourism industry and affecting on natural ecology,making it more environmentally friendly,efficient and personalized.In 2025,AI technologies are being actively implemented to reduce the carbon footprint,optimize resources,and improve the travel experience.Here are the key applications of AI in environmentally sustainable smart tourism:AI in smart tourism is not just a technological trend,but a necessity for the sustainable development of the industry.Paper analyses personalized and green travel experience and smart tourism.AI-based applications(Google ARCore)allow tourists to get information about attractions without paper booklets.Virtual tours reduce the need for physical travel by reducing the carbon footprint.Platforms offer routes with minimal impact on nature(for example,hiking trails instead of car tours).Tourists can offset their carbon footprint through AI tools by financing tree planting.The introduction of AI solutions allows combining economic benefits with environmental responsibility,creating a future where travel becomes safer for the planet.Paper confirms idea about sustainable tourism development in developing countries and focus on premium ecotourism.Instead of mass tourism,AI helps promote unique destinations(safaris,diving,ethnographic tours),which increases income with less environmental damage.Smart cities with AI-driven transport and energy-saving solutions make tourism more sustainable.
