The synthesis of 2, 4-diisopropyl-5,5-dimethy1- 1.3-dioxane through the acetalization of isobutyraldehyde with 2, 2, 4-trimethy1-1,3-pentanediol （TMPD） catalyzed by the novel carbon based acid was first carried out....The synthesis of 2, 4-diisopropyl-5,5-dimethy1- 1.3-dioxane through the acetalization of isobutyraldehyde with 2, 2, 4-trimethy1-1,3-pentanediol （TMPD） catalyzed by the novel carbon based acid was first carried out. High conversion （≥98%） and specific selectivity were obtained using the novel carbon based acid, which kept high activity after it was reused 5 times. Moreover. the catalyst could be used to catalyze the acetalization and ketalization of different aldehydes and ketones with superior yield. The yield of several products was over 90%. The novel heterogeneous catalyst has the distinct advantages of high activity, strikingly simple workup procedure, non-pollution, and reusability, which will contribute to the success of the green process greatly.展开更多
Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of ac...Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of activated process on the pore structure of activated carbon was analyzed and 14 F supercapacitor with working voltage of 2.5 V was prepared. The charge and discharge behaviors, the properties of cyclic voltammetry, specific capacitance, equivalent serials resistance （ESR）, cycle properties, and temperature properties of prepared supercapacitor were examined. The cyclic voltammetry curve results indicate that the carbon based supercapacitor using the self-made activated carbon as electrode materials shows the desired capacitance properties. In 1 mol/L Et4NBF4/AN electrolyte, the capacitance and ESR of the supercapacitor are 14.7 F and 60 mΩ respectively, The specific capacitance of activated carbon electrode materials is 99.6 F/g; its energy density can reach 2,96 W.h/kg under the large current discharge condition, There is no obvious capacitance decay that can be observed after 5000 cycles, The leakage current is below 0,2 mA after keeping the voltage at 2.5 V for l h, Meanwhile, the supercapacitor shows desired temperature property; it can be operated normally in the temperature ranging from -40 ℃to 70 ℃,展开更多
Using pulsed laser deposition, Fex-C1-x films on Si (100) substrates were prepared. At T=300 K and B=5 T a large positive MR of 138% was found in Fe0.011-C0.989 film. It is also found that when T<258 K, the MR of F...Using pulsed laser deposition, Fex-C1-x films on Si (100) substrates were prepared. At T=300 K and B=5 T a large positive MR of 138% was found in Fe0.011-C0.989 film. It is also found that when T<258 K, the MR of Fe0.011-C0.989 film is negative and when 258 K<T<340 K, the MR of the film is positive. The MR of the material is also found to be controlled by the measuring current and measuring voltage. When B=2000 Oe, the MR is 11.5% at 2.5 mA and is 35% at about 35 V. The material has also a giant electroresistance of 500% at 8 V.展开更多
As a two-dimensional carbon based semiconductor,C_(3)N acts as a promising material in many application areas.However,the basic physical properties such as Raman spectrum properties of C_(3)N is still not clear.In thi...As a two-dimensional carbon based semiconductor,C_(3)N acts as a promising material in many application areas.However,the basic physical properties such as Raman spectrum properties of C_(3)N is still not clear.In this paper,we clarify the Raman spectrum properties of multilayer C_(3)N.Moreover,the stacking driven Raman spectra change of multilayer C_(3)N is also discussed.展开更多
A novel carbon based strong solid acid catalyst has been synthesized successfully. The catalytic activity for acetalization and ketalization was investigated. The results showed that the novel catalyst was very effici...A novel carbon based strong solid acid catalyst has been synthesized successfully. The catalytic activity for acetalization and ketalization was investigated. The results showed that the novel catalyst was very efficient with the average yield over 92%. The novel heterogeneous catalyst also has the advantages of high activity, wide applicability even to the preparation of 7 membered ring acetals and ketals, strikingly simple workup procedure, non-pollution and reusability, which will contribute to the green process greatly.展开更多
The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,la...The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.展开更多
Zero or negative emissions of carbon dioxide(CO2)is the need of the times,as inexorable rising and alarming levels of CO2 in the atmosphere lead to global warming and severe climate change.The electrochemical CO2 redu...Zero or negative emissions of carbon dioxide(CO2)is the need of the times,as inexorable rising and alarming levels of CO2 in the atmosphere lead to global warming and severe climate change.The electrochemical CO2 reduction(eCO2R)to value‐added fuels and chemicals by using renewable electricity provides a cleaner and more sustainable route with economic benefits,in which the key is to develop clean and economical electrocatalysts.Carbon‐based catalyst materials possess desirable properties such as high offset potential for H2 evolution and chemical stability at the negative applied potential.Although it is still challenging to achieve highly efficient carbon‐based catalysts,considerable efforts have been devoted to overcoming the low selectivity,activity,and stability.Here,we summarize and discuss the recent progress in carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts including carbon nanotubes,carbon nanofibers,carbon nanoribbons,graphene,carbon nitride,and diamonds with an emphasis on their activity,product selectivity,and stability.In addition,the key challenges and future potential approaches for efficient eCO2R to low carbon‐based fuels are highlighted.For a good understanding of the whole history of the development of eCO2R,the CO2 reduction reactions,principles,and techniques including the role of electrolytes,electrochemical cell design and evaluation,product selectivity,and structural composition are also discussed.The metal/metal oxides decorated with carbon‐based electrocatalysts are also summarized.We aim to provide insights for further development of carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and technological applications in the future.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes CNTs)have been receiving enormous attention in the last decade due to their extraordinary mechanical properties and unique elec- tronic properties.This combination has produced an unprecedented range ...Carbon nanotubes CNTs)have been receiving enormous attention in the last decade due to their extraordinary mechanical properties and unique elec- tronic properties.This combination has produced an unprecedented range of applications for CNTs:elec- tronic,logic and memory chips,chemical and biosen- sots,composites,lithium batteries,gas storage,filters and membranes,etc.This presentation will focus on carbon nanotube based sensors and discuss fabrication, testing and performance.展开更多
The animal experiment of viscose carbon fiber based C/C composites applied in bone defection intramedullary fixation was carried out in New Zealand white rabbits.The histological observation on the 100th day after sur...The animal experiment of viscose carbon fiber based C/C composites applied in bone defection intramedullary fixation was carried out in New Zealand white rabbits.The histological observation on the 100th day after surgical operation indicated that the experimental animals recovered well and the bone defect area was reconstructed by new bone trabecula.Immunohistochemical observation of leukocyte common antigen and macrophage suggested that intramedullary fixation materials did not induct any chronic toxicity reactions such as inflammatory reactions,macrophage reactions and formation of granulation tissue.The tissue compatibility of this material was excellent.Meanwhile,the impurity element species and the biological toxic element content of viscose fiber based C/C composites were determined by atomic fluorescence analyzer and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.The results reveal that there are few biological toxic elements in the viscose fiber based C/C composites and it can satisfy the constituent demands of surgical implants.展开更多
Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician ...Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.展开更多
A new ascorbic acid sensor constituted of carbon paste and Fe(Ⅲ)Y zeolite was studied.The characters of the sensor such as linear range. potential window、apparen Michaelis constant、response time、stability and accu...A new ascorbic acid sensor constituted of carbon paste and Fe(Ⅲ)Y zeolite was studied.The characters of the sensor such as linear range. potential window、apparen Michaelis constant、response time、stability and accuracy wee investigated. The experimental results indicate that the analytical performance of the sensor is satisfactory.展开更多
Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the co...Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the conversion parameters can clearly affect the properties of the derived products.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the effects of key carbonization parameters on the properties of the resulting carbon foam materials.The findings demonstrate that the performance of the self-shaping lignin-derived carbon foam is simultaneously influenced by the factors that carbonization temperature,heating rate,and carbonization duration.Specifically,the carbonization temperature and carbonization duration have a significant impact on the mechanical performance,where higher temperatures and long carbonization time improve compressive strength and specific strength.Moreover,the data revealed that elevated temperatures,rapid heating rates,and shortened carbonization periods collectively promoted the development of higher porosities and larger pore diameters within the carbon foam structure.Conversely,lower carbonization temperatures,slower heating rates,and extended carbonization durations facilitated the formation of microporous in the carbon foam.This study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the production of lignin-derived carbon foam with tailored properties and performance characteristics.展开更多
An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was inv...An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over coal carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K containing compounds such as K 2 CO 3 and K 2 O remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal based activated carbon.展开更多
CoCu/TiO_2 catalysts promoted using alkali metals（Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs） were prepared by the homogeneous deposition-precipitation method followed by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The influences of the ...CoCu/TiO_2 catalysts promoted using alkali metals（Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs） were prepared by the homogeneous deposition-precipitation method followed by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The influences of the alkali metals on the physicochemical properties of the CoCu/TiO_2 catalysts and the catalytic performance for CO_2 hydrogenation to long-chain hydrocarbons（C_（5＋））were investigated in this work. According to the characterization of the catalysts based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption（TPD）, and H_2-TPD, the introduction of alkali metals could increase the CO_2 adsorption and decrease the H_2 chemisorption, which could suppress the formation of CH_4, enhance the production of C_（5＋）, and decrease the hydrogenation activity. Among all the promoters, the Na-modified CoCu/TiO_2 catalyst provided the maximum C_（5＋） yield of 5.4%, with a CO_2 conversion of 18.4% and C_（5＋） selectivity of42.1%, because it showed the strongest basicity and a slight decrease in the amount of H_2 desorption;it also exhibited excellent catalytic stability of more than 200 h.展开更多
Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC mat...Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.展开更多
While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced cha...While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced challenges in their crucial spatial-misalignment for separate fabrication processes per constituent.Herein,this work demonstrates mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable integration of carbon nanotube(CNT)functional PTE sensor devices by designing them with solutionprocessable ink-materials.This technique first accurately prints CNT channels,essential in PTE conversion,using higher-concentration inks,and integrates remaining constituents(dopants and conductive pastes)into single device structures at high-yield.This work further demonstrates that employing higher-concentration CNT inks,suitable for mechanical channel printing,also designs sensitive PTE sensors.These sensors serve stably as integrated devices on diverse functional substrates,facilitating ubiquitous non-destructive monitoring depending on features.Therefore,this work designs such CNT PTE integrated devices and the associated functional inspection appropriately for structures,sizes,and external environments(e.g.,temperature and humidity)of monitoring targets.展开更多
CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catal...CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site.Here,we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh-based single-atom catalysis centers as model catalysts.We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms,and probed the reaction mechanism by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH^(*),rather than the adsorption strength of CO^(*),dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior.The RhN_(4)sites,which adsorb the OH^(*)intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites,showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength.From this study,it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high-performance CO electro-oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water-related reaction intermediate during catalysis.展开更多
tWe proposed a facile synthesis of single-Ni-atom catalysts on low-cost porous carbon using a calcina-tion method at the temperatures of 850-1000°C,which were used for CO_(2) electrochemical reduction to CO.The p...tWe proposed a facile synthesis of single-Ni-atom catalysts on low-cost porous carbon using a calcina-tion method at the temperatures of 850-1000°C,which were used for CO_(2) electrochemical reduction to CO.The porous carbon was prepared by carbonizing cheap and abundant humic acid.The structural characterizations of the as-synthesized catalysts and their electrocatalytic performances were analyzed.The results showed that the single-Ni-atom catalyst activated at 950°C showed an optimum catalytic performance,and it reached a CO Faradaic efficiency of 91.9% with a CO partial current density of 6.9 mAcm^(-2)at-0.9 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).Additionally,the CO Faradaic efficiency and current density of the optimum catalyst changed slightly after 8 h of continuous operation,suggesting that it possessed an excellent stability.The structure-activity relations indicate that the variation in the CO_(2) electroche-mical reduction performance for the as-synthesized catalysts is ascribed to the combined effects of the increase in the content of pyrrolic N,the evaporation of Ni and N,the decrease in pore volume,and the change in graphitization degree.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to CO is an interesting topic.In this work,we prepared metal-free electrodes by depositing graphene oxide(GO),multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT),and GO/MWCNT composites on carbon pa...Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to CO is an interesting topic.In this work,we prepared metal-free electrodes by depositing graphene oxide(GO),multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT),and GO/MWCNT composites on carbon paper(CP)using electrophoretic deposition(EPD)method.The electrodes were characterized by different methods,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to CO was conducted on the electrodes in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([Bmim]BF4)/acetonitrile(Me CN)electrolyte,and the composition of the electrolyte influenced the reaction significantly.It was demonstrated that GO/MWCNT-CP electrode was very effective for the reaction in IL(90 wt%)/Me CN binary mixture,the Faradaic efficiency of CO and current density were even higher than those on Au and Ag electrodes in the same electrolyte.展开更多
The naturally lackadaisical kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in the cathode is one of the important factors that restrict the development of air-cathode microbial fuel cells(MFCs).In this work,the iron-nitrog...The naturally lackadaisical kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in the cathode is one of the important factors that restrict the development of air-cathode microbial fuel cells(MFCs).In this work,the iron-nitrogen-carbon hierarchically nanostructured materials had been successfully fabricated by pyrolyzing glucose,iron chloride,and dicyandiamide with the aim of solving the issue.The obtained catalyst with an ultrathin nanostructure demonstrated an idiosyncratic electrocatalytic activity caused by the high content introduction of nitrogen and iron atoms,large surface area,which will offer sufficient active sites for improving the charge/mass transfer and reducing the diffusion resistance.Furthermore,with the increase of N dopant in the catalyst,better ORR catalytic activity could be achieved.Illustrating the N doping was beneficial to the ORR process.The high content of N,BET surface area caused by the N increasing could be responsible for the superior performance according to results of X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman and Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET)analysis.The ORR on the Fe-N3/C material follows 4e−pathway,and MFCs equipped with Fe-N3/C catalyst achieved a maximum power density(MPD)of 912 mW/m2,which was 1.1 times of the MPD generated by the commercial Pt/C(830 mW/m2).This research not only provided a feasible way for the fabrication of Pt-free catalyst towards oxygen reduction but also proposed potential cathode catalysts for the development of MFCs.展开更多
基金the National Key Project ofScientific and Technical SupportingPrograms Funded by the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (No.2006BAE03B06)the Shanghai International Cooperation of Science and Technology Project (No.06SR07101).
文摘The synthesis of 2, 4-diisopropyl-5,5-dimethy1- 1.3-dioxane through the acetalization of isobutyraldehyde with 2, 2, 4-trimethy1-1,3-pentanediol （TMPD） catalyzed by the novel carbon based acid was first carried out. High conversion （≥98%） and specific selectivity were obtained using the novel carbon based acid, which kept high activity after it was reused 5 times. Moreover. the catalyst could be used to catalyze the acetalization and ketalization of different aldehydes and ketones with superior yield. The yield of several products was over 90%. The novel heterogeneous catalyst has the distinct advantages of high activity, strikingly simple workup procedure, non-pollution, and reusability, which will contribute to the success of the green process greatly.
基金Project(2007BAE12800) supported by the National Supported Plan for Science and TechnologyProject(06FJ4059) supported by the Hunan Provincial Academician Foundation
文摘Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of activated process on the pore structure of activated carbon was analyzed and 14 F supercapacitor with working voltage of 2.5 V was prepared. The charge and discharge behaviors, the properties of cyclic voltammetry, specific capacitance, equivalent serials resistance （ESR）, cycle properties, and temperature properties of prepared supercapacitor were examined. The cyclic voltammetry curve results indicate that the carbon based supercapacitor using the self-made activated carbon as electrode materials shows the desired capacitance properties. In 1 mol/L Et4NBF4/AN electrolyte, the capacitance and ESR of the supercapacitor are 14.7 F and 60 mΩ respectively, The specific capacitance of activated carbon electrode materials is 99.6 F/g; its energy density can reach 2,96 W.h/kg under the large current discharge condition, There is no obvious capacitance decay that can be observed after 5000 cycles, The leakage current is below 0,2 mA after keeping the voltage at 2.5 V for l h, Meanwhile, the supercapacitor shows desired temperature property; it can be operated normally in the temperature ranging from -40 ℃to 70 ℃,
基金This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2002CB613500) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50271034, No. 90401013).
文摘Using pulsed laser deposition, Fex-C1-x films on Si (100) substrates were prepared. At T=300 K and B=5 T a large positive MR of 138% was found in Fe0.011-C0.989 film. It is also found that when T<258 K, the MR of Fe0.011-C0.989 film is negative and when 258 K<T<340 K, the MR of the film is positive. The MR of the material is also found to be controlled by the measuring current and measuring voltage. When B=2000 Oe, the MR is 11.5% at 2.5 mA and is 35% at about 35 V. The material has also a giant electroresistance of 500% at 8 V.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11804353 and 11774368)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No. 18511110600)
文摘As a two-dimensional carbon based semiconductor,C_(3)N acts as a promising material in many application areas.However,the basic physical properties such as Raman spectrum properties of C_(3)N is still not clear.In this paper,we clarify the Raman spectrum properties of multilayer C_(3)N.Moreover,the stacking driven Raman spectra change of multilayer C_(3)N is also discussed.
文摘A novel carbon based strong solid acid catalyst has been synthesized successfully. The catalytic activity for acetalization and ketalization was investigated. The results showed that the novel catalyst was very efficient with the average yield over 92%. The novel heterogeneous catalyst also has the advantages of high activity, wide applicability even to the preparation of 7 membered ring acetals and ketals, strikingly simple workup procedure, non-pollution and reusability, which will contribute to the green process greatly.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2019MB019National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22075122,52071295Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University,Grant/Award Number:Z6122010。
文摘The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.
基金The authors thank the financial support from the“Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan”Basic Research Field of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(19JC1410500)the Fundamental ResearchFunds for the Central Universities(2232018A3‐06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91645110).
文摘Zero or negative emissions of carbon dioxide(CO2)is the need of the times,as inexorable rising and alarming levels of CO2 in the atmosphere lead to global warming and severe climate change.The electrochemical CO2 reduction(eCO2R)to value‐added fuels and chemicals by using renewable electricity provides a cleaner and more sustainable route with economic benefits,in which the key is to develop clean and economical electrocatalysts.Carbon‐based catalyst materials possess desirable properties such as high offset potential for H2 evolution and chemical stability at the negative applied potential.Although it is still challenging to achieve highly efficient carbon‐based catalysts,considerable efforts have been devoted to overcoming the low selectivity,activity,and stability.Here,we summarize and discuss the recent progress in carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts including carbon nanotubes,carbon nanofibers,carbon nanoribbons,graphene,carbon nitride,and diamonds with an emphasis on their activity,product selectivity,and stability.In addition,the key challenges and future potential approaches for efficient eCO2R to low carbon‐based fuels are highlighted.For a good understanding of the whole history of the development of eCO2R,the CO2 reduction reactions,principles,and techniques including the role of electrolytes,electrochemical cell design and evaluation,product selectivity,and structural composition are also discussed.The metal/metal oxides decorated with carbon‐based electrocatalysts are also summarized.We aim to provide insights for further development of carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and technological applications in the future.
文摘Carbon nanotubes CNTs)have been receiving enormous attention in the last decade due to their extraordinary mechanical properties and unique elec- tronic properties.This combination has produced an unprecedented range of applications for CNTs:elec- tronic,logic and memory chips,chemical and biosen- sots,composites,lithium batteries,gas storage,filters and membranes,etc.This presentation will focus on carbon nanotube based sensors and discuss fabrication, testing and performance.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.11CX04033A)the Postdoctoral Innovation Projection of Shandong Province(No.201103085)
文摘The animal experiment of viscose carbon fiber based C/C composites applied in bone defection intramedullary fixation was carried out in New Zealand white rabbits.The histological observation on the 100th day after surgical operation indicated that the experimental animals recovered well and the bone defect area was reconstructed by new bone trabecula.Immunohistochemical observation of leukocyte common antigen and macrophage suggested that intramedullary fixation materials did not induct any chronic toxicity reactions such as inflammatory reactions,macrophage reactions and formation of granulation tissue.The tissue compatibility of this material was excellent.Meanwhile,the impurity element species and the biological toxic element content of viscose fiber based C/C composites were determined by atomic fluorescence analyzer and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.The results reveal that there are few biological toxic elements in the viscose fiber based C/C composites and it can satisfy the constituent demands of surgical implants.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41572117)Technological&Developmental Department of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(grants No.P13040 and P14128)China Geological Survey(grant No.DD20160175-1-1)
文摘Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.
文摘A new ascorbic acid sensor constituted of carbon paste and Fe(Ⅲ)Y zeolite was studied.The characters of the sensor such as linear range. potential window、apparen Michaelis constant、response time、stability and accuracy wee investigated. The experimental results indicate that the analytical performance of the sensor is satisfactory.
基金funding support from Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909132)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208183)+1 种基金Startup Foundation from Qingdao Agricultural University(663-1120040,665-1119020)Technology development project from Jinan Shengquan Company(20233702031771)。
文摘Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the conversion parameters can clearly affect the properties of the derived products.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the effects of key carbonization parameters on the properties of the resulting carbon foam materials.The findings demonstrate that the performance of the self-shaping lignin-derived carbon foam is simultaneously influenced by the factors that carbonization temperature,heating rate,and carbonization duration.Specifically,the carbonization temperature and carbonization duration have a significant impact on the mechanical performance,where higher temperatures and long carbonization time improve compressive strength and specific strength.Moreover,the data revealed that elevated temperatures,rapid heating rates,and shortened carbonization periods collectively promoted the development of higher porosities and larger pore diameters within the carbon foam structure.Conversely,lower carbonization temperatures,slower heating rates,and extended carbonization durations facilitated the formation of microporous in the carbon foam.This study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the production of lignin-derived carbon foam with tailored properties and performance characteristics.
文摘An activated carbon with ash content less than 10% and specific surface area more than 1 600 m 2 /g was prepared from coal and the effect of K containing compounds in preparation of coal based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over coal carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K containing compounds such as K 2 CO 3 and K 2 O remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal based activated carbon.
文摘CoCu/TiO_2 catalysts promoted using alkali metals（Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs） were prepared by the homogeneous deposition-precipitation method followed by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The influences of the alkali metals on the physicochemical properties of the CoCu/TiO_2 catalysts and the catalytic performance for CO_2 hydrogenation to long-chain hydrocarbons（C_（5＋））were investigated in this work. According to the characterization of the catalysts based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption（TPD）, and H_2-TPD, the introduction of alkali metals could increase the CO_2 adsorption and decrease the H_2 chemisorption, which could suppress the formation of CH_4, enhance the production of C_（5＋）, and decrease the hydrogenation activity. Among all the promoters, the Na-modified CoCu/TiO_2 catalyst provided the maximum C_（5＋） yield of 5.4%, with a CO_2 conversion of 18.4% and C_（5＋） selectivity of42.1%, because it showed the strongest basicity and a slight decrease in the amount of H_2 desorption;it also exhibited excellent catalytic stability of more than 200 h.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876030)。
文摘Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.
基金supported by a part of ACT-X(JPMJAX23KL)and Mirai Programme(JPMJMI23G1):JST,KAKENHI(JP22H01553,JP22H01555,JP23H00169,JP23K19125,JP24K01288,and JP24K17325):JSPS,and grants(Murata Science Foundation,Matsuo Foundation,Sumitomo Electric Groups CSR Foundation,Takano Science Foundation,Thermal&Electric Energy Technology Foundation,Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation,Suzuki Foundation,Iwatani Naoji Foundation,Futaba Foundation,Konica Minolta Science and Technology Foundation,Fuji Seal Foundation,Telecommunications Advancement Foundation,TEPCO Memorial Foundation,Paloma CSR Foundation,Takano Life Science Research Foundation,The Foundation for The Promotion of Ion Engineering,Hattori Hokokai Foundation,Mechanical Social Systems Foundation,Kayamori Foundation of Informational Science Advancement,Shimadzu Science Foundation,Japan Power Academy,Tokuyama Science Foundation,Yashima Environment Technology Foundation,Tateisi Science and Technology Foundation,The Kajima Foundation,Japan Keirin Autorace Foundation,Amano Institute of Technology,and Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology).
文摘While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced challenges in their crucial spatial-misalignment for separate fabrication processes per constituent.Herein,this work demonstrates mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable integration of carbon nanotube(CNT)functional PTE sensor devices by designing them with solutionprocessable ink-materials.This technique first accurately prints CNT channels,essential in PTE conversion,using higher-concentration inks,and integrates remaining constituents(dopants and conductive pastes)into single device structures at high-yield.This work further demonstrates that employing higher-concentration CNT inks,suitable for mechanical channel printing,also designs sensitive PTE sensors.These sensors serve stably as integrated devices on diverse functional substrates,facilitating ubiquitous non-destructive monitoring depending on features.Therefore,this work designs such CNT PTE integrated devices and the associated functional inspection appropriately for structures,sizes,and external environments(e.g.,temperature and humidity)of monitoring targets.
基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Numbers:20180101030JC,20190201270JC,20200201001JCNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21633008,21673221,21875243,U1601211+1 种基金Research Innovation Fund,Grant/Award Number:DNL202010Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government,Grant/Award Number:2020JH6/10500021。
文摘CO impurity-induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells,with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site.Here,we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh-based single-atom catalysis centers as model catalysts.We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms,and probed the reaction mechanism by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH^(*),rather than the adsorption strength of CO^(*),dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior.The RhN_(4)sites,which adsorb the OH^(*)intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites,showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength.From this study,it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high-performance CO electro-oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water-related reaction intermediate during catalysis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22308006 and 22278001)the Anhui Province Major Industrial Innovation Plan(Grant No.AHZDCYCXLSDT2023-04)+3 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2022-006)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department(Grant No.KJ2021A0407)the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Technology(GrantNt o.QZ202216)UndergraduateInnovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.S202310360214).
文摘tWe proposed a facile synthesis of single-Ni-atom catalysts on low-cost porous carbon using a calcina-tion method at the temperatures of 850-1000°C,which were used for CO_(2) electrochemical reduction to CO.The porous carbon was prepared by carbonizing cheap and abundant humic acid.The structural characterizations of the as-synthesized catalysts and their electrocatalytic performances were analyzed.The results showed that the single-Ni-atom catalyst activated at 950°C showed an optimum catalytic performance,and it reached a CO Faradaic efficiency of 91.9% with a CO partial current density of 6.9 mAcm^(-2)at-0.9 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).Additionally,the CO Faradaic efficiency and current density of the optimum catalyst changed slightly after 8 h of continuous operation,suggesting that it possessed an excellent stability.The structure-activity relations indicate that the variation in the CO_(2) electroche-mical reduction performance for the as-synthesized catalysts is ascribed to the combined effects of the increase in the content of pyrrolic N,the evaporation of Ni and N,the decrease in pore volume,and the change in graphitization degree.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21403253,21533011)
文摘Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to CO is an interesting topic.In this work,we prepared metal-free electrodes by depositing graphene oxide(GO),multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT),and GO/MWCNT composites on carbon paper(CP)using electrophoretic deposition(EPD)method.The electrodes were characterized by different methods,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to CO was conducted on the electrodes in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([Bmim]BF4)/acetonitrile(Me CN)electrolyte,and the composition of the electrolyte influenced the reaction significantly.It was demonstrated that GO/MWCNT-CP electrode was very effective for the reaction in IL(90 wt%)/Me CN binary mixture,the Faradaic efficiency of CO and current density were even higher than those on Au and Ag electrodes in the same electrolyte.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51806224)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2017A030310280)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA21050400)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M631899)The authors acknowledge the care and spiritual support from Gaixiu Yang over the past two years.
文摘The naturally lackadaisical kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in the cathode is one of the important factors that restrict the development of air-cathode microbial fuel cells(MFCs).In this work,the iron-nitrogen-carbon hierarchically nanostructured materials had been successfully fabricated by pyrolyzing glucose,iron chloride,and dicyandiamide with the aim of solving the issue.The obtained catalyst with an ultrathin nanostructure demonstrated an idiosyncratic electrocatalytic activity caused by the high content introduction of nitrogen and iron atoms,large surface area,which will offer sufficient active sites for improving the charge/mass transfer and reducing the diffusion resistance.Furthermore,with the increase of N dopant in the catalyst,better ORR catalytic activity could be achieved.Illustrating the N doping was beneficial to the ORR process.The high content of N,BET surface area caused by the N increasing could be responsible for the superior performance according to results of X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman and Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET)analysis.The ORR on the Fe-N3/C material follows 4e−pathway,and MFCs equipped with Fe-N3/C catalyst achieved a maximum power density(MPD)of 912 mW/m2,which was 1.1 times of the MPD generated by the commercial Pt/C(830 mW/m2).This research not only provided a feasible way for the fabrication of Pt-free catalyst towards oxygen reduction but also proposed potential cathode catalysts for the development of MFCs.
